PBDB Taxon

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Cryptoclidus

Reptilia - Plesiosauria - Cryptoclididae

Taxonomy

Muraenosaurus (Cryptoclidus) was named by Seeley (1892). Its type is Cryptoclidus eurymerus. It is the type subgenus of Cryptoclididae, Cryptocleidoidea.

It was reranked as Cryptocleidus by Delair (1960); it was misspelled as Cryptocleidus by Andrews (1910) and Persson (1963); it was reranked as Cryptoclidus by Andrews (1895), Brown (1981), Carroll (1988), Gasparini and Spalletti (1993), O'Keefe (2001), Sepkoski (2002), Araujo et al. (2008), Ketchum and Benson (2010), Otero et al. (2012) and Benson and Druckenmiller (2014).

It was assigned to Muraenosaurus by Seeley (1892); to Elasmosauridae by Andrews (1910); to Cimoliosauridae by Delair (1960); to Plesiosauridae by Persson (1963); to Plesiosauria by Andrews (1895) and Sepkoski (2002); to Cryptocleidoidea by Otero et al. (2012); and to Cryptoclididae by Brown (1981), Carroll (1988), Gasparini and Spalletti (1993), O'Keefe (2001), Araujo et al. (2008), Ketchum and Benson (2010) and Benson and Druckenmiller (2014).

Subtaxa

Cryptocleidus cuervoi, C. eurymerus (syn. C. platymerus, Plesiosaurus durobrivensis, Apractocleidus teretipes), C. richardsoni (syn. Plesiosaurus plicatus), C. vignalensis, Plesiosaurus oxfordiensis, Plesiosaurus oxoniensis

Synonyms

Plesiosaurus oxoniensis was named by Phillips (1871). It is a 3D body fossil. Its type locality is Long Marston, which is in a Callovian marine mudstone in the Oxford Clay Formation of the United Kingdom.

It was recombined as Muraenosaurus oxoniensis by Seeley (1874); it was recombined as Cimoliosaurus oxoniensis by Lydekker (1889); it was recombined as Cryptoclidus oxoniensis by Andrews (1895) and Andrews (1895); it was recombined as Cryptocleidus oxoniensis by Andrews (1910) and Swinton (1934); it was considered a nomen dubium by Brown (1981).
Apractocleidus was named by Smellie (1915). Its type is Apractocleidus teretipes.

It was synonymized objectively with Cryptoclidus by Brown (1981).

It was assigned to Cryptoclididae by White (1940).
Plesiosaurus oxfordiensis was named by Seeley (1869).

It was considered a nomen nudum by Brown (1981).
Cryptocleidus cuervoi was named by Torre and Rojas (1949). It is a 3D body fossil.

It was synonymized subjectively with Muraenosaurus leedsii by Welles (1962); it was considered a nomen dubium by Iturralde-Vinent and Norell (1996).
Cryptoclidus vignalensis was named by Torre and Cuervo (1939). Its type specimen is MNHNH P3002, a set of vertebrae (4 articulated vertebrae), and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Torre and Cuervo (1939).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1869	Plesiosaurus oxfordiensis Seeley p. 119
1871	Plesiosaurus oxoniensis Phillips pp. 307-312 figs. cxiii-cxv
1874	Muraenosaurus oxoniensis Seeley p. 448
1889	Cimoliosaurus oxoniensis Lydekker
1892	Muraenosaurus (Cryptoclidus) Seeley
1895	Cryptoclidus oxoniensis Andrews p. 16
1895	Cryptoclidus Andrews p. 356
1895	Cryptoclidus oxoniensis Andrews p. 357
1910	Cryptocleidus Andrews p. 164
1910	Cryptocleidus oxoniensis Andrews p. 164
1915	Apractocleidus Smellie p. 341
1934	Cryptocleidus oxoniensis Swinton figs. Pl. VII
1939	Cryptoclidus vignalensis Torre and Cuervo
1940	Apractocleidus White p. 461
1949	Cryptocleidus cuervoi Torre and Rojas
1960	Cryptocleidus Delair pp. 65-66
1963	Cryptocleidus Persson p. 8
1981	Cryptoclidus Brown p. 341
1988	Cryptoclidus Carroll
1993	Cryptoclidus Gasparini and Spalletti p. 252
2001	Cryptoclidus O'Keefe p. 19 fig. 20
2002	Cryptoclidus Sepkoski
2008	Cryptoclidus Araujo et al. p. 24
2010	Cryptoclidus Ketchum and Benson p. 15 fig. 6
2012	Cryptoclidus Otero et al.
2014	Cryptoclidus Benson and Druckenmiller figs. 2-3

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
suborder	Sauropterygia
order	Plesiosauria	de Blainville 1835
superfamily	Plesiosauroidea	Welles 1943
family	Cryptoclididae	Williston 1925
genus	Cryptoclidus	()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Cryptoclidus Seeley 1892

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†Cryptocleidus cuervoi caroli Torre and Rojas 1949

†Cryptoclidus eurymerus Phillips 1871

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Invalid names: Apractocleidus teretipes Smellie 1915 [synonym], Cryptoclidus platymerus Seeley 1892 [synonym], Plesiosaurus durobrivensis Seeley 1892 [synonym]

†Cryptoclidus richardsoni Lydekker 1889

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Invalid names: Plesiosaurus plicatus Mansel-Pleydell 1888 [synonym]

Invalid names: Apractocleidus Smellie 1915 [objective synonym], Cryptocleidus cuervoi Torre and Rojas 1949 [nomen dubium], Cryptoclidus vignalensis Torre and Cuervo 1939 [nomen dubium], Plesiosaurus oxfordiensis Seeley 1869 [nomen nudum], Plesiosaurus oxoniensis Phillips 1871 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available