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Hemicosmitoida

Rhombifera

Taxonomy
Hemicosmitida was named by Jaekel (1918). Its type is Hemicosmitidae.

It was corrected as Hemicosmitoida by Paul et al. (2019).

It was assigned to Rhombifera by Beaver et al. (1967); and to Rhombifera by Regnéll (1945) and Paul et al. (2019).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1918Hemicosmitida Jaekel
1945Hemicosmitida Regnéll
1967Hemicosmitida Beaver et al. p. S217
2019Hemicosmitoida Paul et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
—Ambulacraria
RankNameAuthor
phylumEchinodermata
subphylumBlastozoa
classRhombifera(Zittel 1879)
superfamilyHemicosmitoida(Jaekel 1918)
superfamilyHemicosmitoida(Jaekel 1918)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. †Hemicosmitoida Jaekel 1918
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Fm. †Caryocrinitidae Bassler 1938
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G. †Caryocrinites Say 1825
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†Caryocrinites rugatus Forbes 1848
G. †Juglandocrinus von Koenen 1886
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†Juglandocrinus crassus von Koenen 1886
†Juglandocrinus elongatus Jaekel 1899
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Invalid names: Juglandocrinus vulgaris Dreyfus 1939 [synonym]
†Juglandocrinus europaeus Quenstedt 1874
†Juglandocrinus sdzuyi Chauvel and Le Menn 1979
†Juglandocrinus turbo Bather 1906
Invalid names: Oocystis Dreyfus 1939 [synonym]
G. †Paracaryocrinites Chen and Yao 1993
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†Paracaryocrinites kochi Wolfart 2001
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†Polycosmites jaekeli Wolfart 2001
Fm. †Hemicosmitidae Jaekel 1918
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G. †Hemicosmites Buch 1840
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†Hemicosmites extraneus Eichwald 1840
†Hemicosmites grandis Jaeckel 1899
†Hemicosmites oelandicus Regnell 1945
†Hemicosmites papaveris Bockelie 1979
†Hemicosmites sculptus Bockelie 1979
†Hemicosmites sphaericus Bockelie 1979
†Hemicosmites variabilis Bockelie 1979
Invalid names: Hexalacystis Haeckel 1896 [synonym]
Fm. †Heterocystitidae Jaekel 1918
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Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
C. R. C. Paul et al. 2019A dichoporite superfamily with well developed heteromorphic stem; theca composed of three or four basals, six infra-laterals, eight or nine laterals all of which bear cryptorhombs, and additional plates in the oral region; with three or four primary ambulacra (after Lanc, McDermott & Paul, 2015, p. 4).
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: high Mg calcitep
Ontogeny: accretion, addition of partsp
Environment: marinep
Locomotion: stationarysubp
Life habit: epifaunalsubp
Diet: suspension feedersubp
Dispersal: waterp
Dispersal 2: planktonicp
Created: 2009-09-21 12:36:39
Modified: 2009-09-21 14:36:39
Source: subp = subphylum, p = phylum
References: Bambach et al. 2007, Aberhan 1992

Age range: base of the Kunda to the top of the Ludlow or 469.20000 to 423.00000 Ma

Collections (108 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Dawan478.6 - 468.1China (YunNan) Hemicosmites sp. (7745)
Dawan478.6 - 468.1China (Hunan and Hubei) Hemicosmites sp. (7717)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (Guizhou) Hemicosmites sp. (7639 7640)
Arenig478.6 - 466.0China (Hubei) Hemicosmites sp. (4718)
Middle Ordovician470.0 - 458.4Thailand Polycosmites jaekeli, Paracaryocrinites indet., Paracaryocrinites kochi (191371)
Kunda469.2 - 464.3Norway Hemicosmites sp. (168955)
Oretanian468.0 - 459.0Portugal Caryocrinites sp. (21013)
Lasnamagi - Uhaku463.5 - 458.0Estonia (Laane) Hemicosmites extraneus (168952)
Costonian - Harnagian458.4 - 457.2Sweden Hemicosmites sp. (2765)
Soudleyan - Marshbrookian458.4 - 454.0Norway Hemicosmites sp. (3251)
Caradoc - Katian458.4 - 445.2Spain (Gerona) Corylocrinus sp. (196923)
Kukruse - Haljala458.0 - 453.9Sweden Hemicosmites oelandicus (162483)
Idavere458.0 - 453.0Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hemicosmites sp. (193514)
Idavere458.0 - 453.0Estonia Hemicosmites extraneus (166058)
Berounian457.9 - 449.8Spain (Zaragoza) Caryocrinites rugatus (196901)
Keila453.9 - 453.0Estonia Hemicosmites sp. (197520)
Keila453.9 - 453.0Norway (Skien - Langesund) Hemicosmites papaveris, Hemicosmites variabilis (163474)
Keila453.9 - 453.0Estonia (Harju) Hemicosmites sp. (87273 197530)
Keila453.9 - 453.0Estonia (Vasalemma) Hemicosmites sp. (188570)
Keila453.9 - 453.0Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hemicosmites sp. (193516)
Keila - Oandu453.9 - 451.8Sweden (Dalarne) Hemicosmites sphaericus (73411)
Oandu453.0 - 451.8Estonia (Lääne) Hemicosmites extraneus (168957)
Oandu453.0 - 451.8Estonia Hemicosmites pulcherrimus (166062)
Johvi453.0 - 449.9Estonia (Ida-Viru) Hemicosmites sp. (193515 197479 197480 197481)
Johvi453.0 - 449.9Estonia (Harju) Hemicosmites sp. (193519 197486 197488)
Johvi453.0 - 449.9Estonia Hemicosmites sp. (197514)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Portugal (Aveiro) Hemicosmitida indet. (182918)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Spain (Zaragoza) Caryocrinites crassus, Caryocrinites elongatus, Caryocrinites europaeus, Caryocrinites sdzuyi (196922)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Algeria Corylocrinus crassus (196944)
Katian453.0 - 445.2Belgium Corylocrinus sp. (196947)
Pirgu449.5 - 445.2Sweden (Dalarne) Caryocrinites sp., Caryocrinites septentrionalis (162387)
Ashgill449.5 - 443.7Spain (Aragon) Caryocrinites crassus, Caryocrinites sdzuyi (163399)
Cautleyan449.2 - 448.8United Kingdom (Wales) Caryocrinites rugatus (196868) Hemicosmites rugatus (196892)
Cautleyan - Rawtheyan449.2 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) Caryocrinites rugatus (8291)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (England) Caryocrinites sp. (3667)
Rawtheyan448.8 - 445.2United Kingdom (Wales) Caryocrinites rugatus (185115 196867 196869)
Rawtheyan - Hirnantian448.8 - 443.4Norway Hemicosmites sp. (168956) Hemicosmites variabilis (163025)
Porkuni445.6 - 443.7Estonia (North Estonia) Hemicosmites grandis (211491)
Hirnantian445.2 - 443.4Norway (Ringerike) Hemicosmites sculptus (168953 168954)
Silurian - Wenlock443.8 - 427.4USA (Illinois) Caryocrinites sp. (13355)
Silurian443.8 - 419.2USA (Indiana) Caryocrinites bulbulus, Caryocrinites ellipticus, Caryocrinites indianensis (75266)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4USA (Iowa) Caryocrinites sp. A Witzke 1976 (26712)
Llandovery443.4 - 433.4Canada (Ontario) Caryocrinites sp. (461)
Llandovery - Wenlock443.4 - 427.4USA (Iowa) Caryocrinites sp. (13356)
Llandovery - Wenlock443.4 - 427.4USA (New York) Caryocrinites ornatus (26801)
Aeronian440.8 - 438.5Canada (Québec) Caryocrinites ornatus (24416 24418)
Aeronian - Telychian440.8 - 433.4Canada (Québec) Caryocrinites ornatus (24412)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4USA (Iowa) Caryocrinites sp. 1, Caryocrinites sp. 2, Caryocrinites sp. 3, Caryocrinites sp. 4 (26699) Caryocrinites sp. B Witzke 1976 (24968)
Telychian438.5 - 433.4Canada (Québec) Caryocrinites ornatus (24420 24423 24424 24435)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.5 - 430.5USA (Iowa) Caryocrinites sp. 1, Caryocrinites sp. 2, Caryocrinites sp. 3, Caryocrinites sp. 4 (26769)
Telychian - Sheinwoodian438.5 - 430.5USA (Indiana) Caryocrinites indianensis, Caryocrinites sp. (26798) Caryocrinites indianensis, Caryocrinites spp. (26803)
Telychian - Wenlock438.5 - 427.4USA (Indiana) Caryocrinites sp. (26806)
Niagaran438.0 - 421.3USA (Indiana) Caryocrinites sp. (22818)
Niagaran438.0 - 421.3USA (Ohio) Caryocrinites sp. (475)
Sheinwoodian433.4 - 430.5USA (Indiana) Caryocrinites indianensis, Caryocrinites spp. (26805)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Tennessee) Caryocrinites persculptus, Caryocrinites sp. (26788) Caryocrinites sp. (26802)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Iowa) Caryocrinites sp. (26812) Caryocrinites sp. B Witzke 1976 (26702)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Wisconsin) Caryocrinites sp. (13353 26808)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Arkansas) Caryocrinites sp. (26800)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (New York) Caryocrinites ornatus (12936 13051 13052 13053 13054 13338 26854 81784) Caryocrinites sp. (473 541)
Wenlock433.4 - 427.4USA (Indiana) Caryocrinites laurelensis, Caryocrinites stellatus (26771) Caryocrinites sphaeroidalis, Caryocrinites stellatus (26700)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Iowa) Caryocrinites sp. (26716)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Illinois) Caryocrinites sp. (26703 26705 26709 26816) Caryocrinites sp., Caryocrinites ornatus (26770) Caryocrinites spp. (26704)
Wenlock - Ludlow433.4 - 423.0USA (Wisconsin) Caryocrinites ornatus (26701) Caryocrinites sp. (26707)
Wenlock - Silurian433.4 - 419.2USA (Wisconsin) Caryocrinites sp. (13069 13075 13104 13107)
Ludlow427.4 - 423.0USA (Missouri) Caryocrinites sp. (26821 26822)
Ludfordian - Pridoli425.6 - 419.2USA (Oklahoma) Caryocrinites sp. (26824)