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Phalarodon
Taxonomy
Phalarodon was named by Merriam (1910) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Anis Sepkoski's reference number: 746]. It is not extant.
It was assigned to Shastasaurinae by Hay (1930); to Omphalosauridae by Carroll (1988) and Callaway and Brinkman (1989); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Phalarodontinae by Maisch and Matzke (2001) and Maisch (2010); and to Mixosauridae by Sander (2000), Maisch and Matzke (2000), Jiang et al. (2007), Liu et al. (2013) and Ji et al. (2016).
It was assigned to Shastasaurinae by Hay (1930); to Omphalosauridae by Carroll (1988) and Callaway and Brinkman (1989); to Ichthyosauria by Sepkoski (2002); to Phalarodontinae by Maisch and Matzke (2001) and Maisch (2010); and to Mixosauridae by Sander (2000), Maisch and Matzke (2000), Jiang et al. (2007), Liu et al. (2013) and Ji et al. (2016).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1910 | Phalarodon Merriam |
| 1930 | Phalarodon Hay p. 124 |
| 1988 | Phalarodon Carroll |
| 1989 | Phalarodon Callaway and Brinkman p. 1498 |
| 2000 | Phalarodon Maisch and Matzke pp. 62, 95 |
| 2000 | Phalarodon Sander |
| 2001 | Phalarodon Maisch and Matzke p. 442 |
| 2002 | Phalarodon Sepkoski |
| 2007 | Phalarodon Jiang et al. figs. 1-3 |
| 2010 | Phalarodon Maisch |
| 2013 | Phalarodon Liu et al. figs. 3-9 |
| 2016 | Phalarodon Ji et al. p. 9 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Phalarodon Merriam 1910
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†Phalarodon atavus Quenstedt 1852
†Phalarodon callawayi Schmitz et al. 2004
†Phalarodon major Maisch and Matzke 2000
†Phalarodon nordenskioeldii Hulke 1873
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| M. W. Maisch and A. T. Matzke 2000 | "Small to medium-sized mixosaurids, reaching a skull length of more than 30 cm at maximum, tooth implantation thecodontous, posterior maxillary and dentary tooth crowns always blunt ans with a certain amount of mesiodistal elongation, teeth labyrinthodont, orbit of moderate size, postorbital skull segment about one third of anteroposterior orbital diameter, sagittal crest very high, distinctly protruding above dorsal skull outline, well developed sixth postaxial finger (known in Phalarodon nordenskioeldii only)." | |
| D.-Y. Jiang et al. 2007 | "Nasal region with pronounced narial shelf; maxillary tooth implantation with sockets." | |
| J. Liu et al. 2013 | Nasal region with pronounced narial shelf; dental groove absent in the maxillary region; premaxilla forming anterior half of the ventral border of external naris (unknown in Phalarodon fraasi); parietal forming large part of the sagittal crest; humerus elongated (unknown in Phalarodon atavus); metacarpal V with anterior notch primitively (unknown in Phalarodon callawayi) (modified after Jiang et al. 2006, 2007). | |
| C. Ji et al. 2016 | Narial shelf present; dental groove only present anteriorly and absent posteriorly; dental labial shelf present; tooth with laterally compressed horizontal section (circular in P. callawayi); posterior tooth crown flat (conical in P. atavus). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: o = order | |||||
| Reference: Kiessling 2004 | |||||
Collections (12 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smithian | Canada (British Columbia) | P. fraasi, Mixosaurus nordenskioeldii (85452) P. nordenskioeldii (105083 152277) | |
| Spathian | Svalbard and Jan Mayen | Mixosaurus nordenskioeldi (149381) | |
| Anisian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | Mixosaurus atavus (138123) | |
| Anisian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | P. major (196670) | |
| Illyrian | USA (Nevada) | Mixosaurus callawayi (98011) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Guizhou) | P. fraasi (103987) | |
| Pelsonian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Ichthyosaurus atavus (104759) | |
| Pelsonian | China (Yunnan) | Mixosaurus atavus (123839) | |
| Anisian - Ladinian | Canada (British Columbia) | P. nordenskioeldii (152278) | |
| Middle Triassic | USA (Nevada) | P. fraasi (34267) |