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Hesperornis
Taxonomy
Hesperornis was named by Marsh (1872) [Sepkoski's age data: K Sant K Camp-l Sepkoski's reference number: 1066]. Its type is Hesperornis regalis. It is the type genus of Hesperornidae.
It was assigned to Hesperornidae by Marsh (1872); to Odontolcae by Marsh (1875) and Marsh (1880); to Odontolcae by Zittel (1890); to Aves by Bakker (1986); to Hesperornithiformes by Chatterjee (1991), Sepkoski (2002) and Padian (2004); to Ornithuromorpha by O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), O'Connor et al. (2014) and Wang et al. (2014); to Ornithurae by Norell and Clarke (2001), Chiappe (2002), Kurochkin et al. (2013) and Wang and Liu (2015); and to Hesperornithidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Martin and Tate (1976), Martin (1984), Carroll (1988), Kurochkin (2000), Rees and Lindgren (2005) and Bell and Chiappe (2016).
It was assigned to Hesperornidae by Marsh (1872); to Odontolcae by Marsh (1875) and Marsh (1880); to Odontolcae by Zittel (1890); to Aves by Bakker (1986); to Hesperornithiformes by Chatterjee (1991), Sepkoski (2002) and Padian (2004); to Ornithuromorpha by O'Connor and Zelenkov (2013), O'Connor et al. (2014) and Wang et al. (2014); to Ornithurae by Norell and Clarke (2001), Chiappe (2002), Kurochkin et al. (2013) and Wang and Liu (2015); and to Hesperornithidae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956), Martin and Tate (1976), Martin (1984), Carroll (1988), Kurochkin (2000), Rees and Lindgren (2005) and Bell and Chiappe (2016).
Species
H. altus, H. bairdi, H. chowi, H. crassipes, H. gracilis, H. lumgairi, H. macdonaldi, H. mengeli, H. montanus, H. regalis (type species), H. rossicus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1872 | Hesperornis Marsh pp. 360-363 |
1875 | Hesperornis Marsh p. 407 |
1876 | Lestornis Marsh p. 509 |
1880 | Hesperornis Marsh p. 187 |
1890 | Hesperornis Zittel p. 827 |
1893 | Coniornis Marsh p. 82 figs. 1-3 |
1902 | Hesperornis Hay p. 521 |
1902 | Coniornis Hay p. 522 |
1903 | Hargeria Lucas p. 552 |
1915 | Coniornis Shufeldt p. 12 |
1930 | Hesperornis Hay p. 278 |
1930 | Coniornis Hay p. 279 |
1930 | Hargeria Hay p. 279 |
1940 | Coniornis Wetmore p. 3 |
1940 | Hesperornis Wetmore p. 3 |
1940 | Hargeria Wetmore p. 4 |
1956 | Coniornis Wetmore p. 4 |
1956 | Hesperornis Wetmore p. 4 |
1971 | Coniornis Brodkorb p. 39 |
1976 | Hesperornis Martin and Tate, Jr. p. 64 |
1984 | Hesperornis Martin p. 146 |
1986 | Hesperornis Bakker p. 460 |
1988 | Coniornis Carroll |
1988 | Hesperornis Carroll |
1991 | Hesperornis Chatterjee p. 328 |
2000 | Hesperornis Kurochkin p. 544 |
2001 | Hesperornis Norell and Clarke p. 183 |
2002 | Hesperornis Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1 |
2002 | Hesperornis Sepkoski |
2004 | Hesperornis Padian p. 213 |
2005 | Hesperornis Rees and Lindgren p. 1322 |
2013 | Hesperornis Kurochkin et al. |
2013 | Hesperornis O'Connor and Zelenkov |
2014 | Hesperornis O'Connor et al. |
2014 | Hesperornis Wang et al. |
2015 | Hesperornis Wang and Liu |
2016 | Hesperornis Bell and Chiappe |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Hesperornis Marsh 1872
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†Hesperornis altus Marsh 1893
†Hesperornis bairdi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis chowi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis crassipes Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis gracilis Marsh 1876
†Hesperornis lumgairi Aotsuka and Sato 2016
†Hesperornis macdonaldi Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis mengeli Martin and Lim 2002
†Hesperornis montanus Shufeldt 1915
†Hesperornis regalis Marsh 1872
†Hesperornis rossicus Nessov and Yarkov 1993
Invalid names: Coniornis Marsh 1893 [synonym], Hargeria Lucas 1903 [synonym], Lestornis Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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S. Chatterjee 1991 | Apomorphous features of Hesperornis
(26) Reverse peg and socket joint between pterygoid and basipterygoid; (27) short broad pterygoid with narrow, elongated palatine. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: g = genus, o = order | |||||
References: Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015, Padian 1985 |
Age range: base of the Late/Upper Santonian to the top of the Lancian or 85.80000 to 66.00000 Ma
Collections (49 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
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Late/Upper Cretaceous | USA (Kansas) | H. gracilis (156590) Lestornis crassipes (156589) | |
Coniacian - Campanian | USA (Alaska) | H. sp. (123520) | |
Early/Lower Coniacian - Santonian | USA (Kansas) | H. sp. (13301) | |
Late/Upper Santonian | USA (Kansas) | H. regalis (85284) | |
Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | H. regalis (36710 36746) | |
Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | H. sp. (36384) | |
Campanian | Canada (Nunavut) | H. sp. (36383) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Volgograd) | H. sp., H. rossica (85286) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | H. regalis (193919 193921 193924) H. regalis, H. chowi (193926 193927) H. regalis, H. chowi, H. macdonaldi (193925) H. regalis, H. lumgairi (193922) H. regalis, H. mengeli (193923) H. sp. (36446 193931 193932 193933 193934 193935 193936 193937) H. sp., H. chowi (193929) H. sp., H. macdonaldi (193930) H. sp., H. regalis, H. macdonaldi (193920) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | H. sp. (39388) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Sweden | H. sp., H. rossicus (102883) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | H. regalis (106330 106331 106332 106334 106341) H. sp. (106437) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Montana) | H. montana (85283) | |
Early/Lower Campanian | Russian Federation (Saratov) | H. rossicus, Hesperornithiformes indet. (141001) H. sp. 2 (65036) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | USA (South Dakota) | H. regalis (77316) H. sp. (107676) | |
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian | Canada (Manitoba) | H. sp., H. rossicus, H. chowi (193928) | |
Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arkansas) | H. sp. (193918) | |
Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | H. regalis (36379) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Arkansas) | H. sp. (193917) | |
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian | USA (Montana) | H. sp. (50825) | |
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | H. sp. (36445) | |
Lancian | USA (Montana) | H. sp. (14580) |