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Ichthyornis

Reptilia

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1872Ichthyornis Marsh p. 344
1872Colonosaurus Marsh p. 406
1873Ichthyornis Marsh p. 74
1875Ichthyornis Marsh
1880Ichthyornis Marsh p. 187
1890Ichthyornis Zittel p. 834
1902Ichthyornis Hay p. 519
1930Ichthyornis Hay p. 281
1933Ichthyornis Lambrecht p. 581
1940Ichthyornis Wetmore p. 4
1952Colonosaurus Gregory
1956Ichthyornis Wetmore p. 5
1960Ichthyornis Wetmore p. 23
1962Plegadornis Wetmore p. 1 figs. Fig. 1
1972Angelinornis Kashin
1981Plegadornis Thurmond and Jones p. 164
1986Ichthyornis Bakker p. 460
1986Ichthyornis Gauthier p. 13
1988Ichthyornis Carroll
1991Ichthyornis Chatterjee p. 328
1992Ichthyornis Parris and Echols
1994Ichthyornis Chiappe and Calvo p. 239 fig. 1
1997Ichthyornis Tokaryk et al. p. 175
2001Ichthyornis Norell and Clarke p. 183
2002Ichthyornis Chiappe p. 451 fig. 20.1
2002Ichthyornis Sepkoski
2004Ichthyornis Clarke p. 20
2004Ichthyornis Padian p. 214
2008Ichthyornis Cau and Arduini
2012Ichthyornis Naish et al.
2013Ichthyornis Kurochkin et al.
2013Ichthyornis O'Connor and Zelenkov
2013Ichthyornis Zhou et al.
2014Ichthyornis O'Connor et al.
2014Ichthyornis Wang et al.
2014Ichthyornis Wang et al.
2015Ichthyornis Wang and Liu
2022Ichthyornis Benito et al.
2022Ichthyornis Benito et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
RankNameAuthor
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
PygostyliaChiappe 2002
Ornithothoraces
OrnithuromorphaChiappe et al. 1999
subclassOrnithurae
Ichthyornithes()
genusIchthyornis

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Ichthyornis Marsh 1872
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Ichthyornis dispar Marsh 1872
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Invalid names: Colonosaurus mudgei Marsh 1872 [objective synonym], Ichthyornis agilis Marsh 1873 [synonym], Ichthyornis anceps Marsh 1872 [synonym], Ichthyornis antecessor Wetmore 1962 [synonym], Ichthyornis validus Marsh 1880 [synonym], Ichthyornis victor Marsh 1876 [synonym]
Ichthyornis minusculus Nessov 1990
Invalid names: Angelinornis Kashin 1972 [synonym], Colonosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Plegadornis Wetmore 1962 [synonym]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
S. Chatterjee 1991Apomorphous feature of Ichthyornis
(28) Pterygoid condyle of quadrate highly pronounced.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantg
Diet: piscivoreg
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-05 17:24:04
Modified: 2009-01-05 19:24:04
Source: g = genus, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Gudger 1944, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range: base of the Middle Cenomanian to the top of the Campanian or 99.60000 to 72.10000 Ma

Collections (31 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Middle Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Canada (Saskatchewan) I. sp. (22731) I. sp. B, I. sp. (52997)
Early/Lower Turonian93.5 - 89.3Canada (Alberta) I. sp. (136242)
Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3USA (New Mexico) I. sp. (84547)
Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian93.5 - 89.3Uzbekistan (Navoi) I. minusculus (58168)
Early/Lower Coniacian89.3 - 85.8USA (Texas) Dinosauria indet. (34755)
Early/Lower Coniacian - Santonian89.3 - 83.6USA (Kansas) I. dispar (13301)
Late/Upper Coniacian - Early/Lower Campanian89.3 - 70.6Mexico (Coahuila) I. dispar (160666)
Santonian86.3 - 83.6USA (Kansas) I. dispar, Colonosaurus mudgei (85276)
Middle Santonian85.8 - 83.5USA (Kansas) I. dispar (231052 231053 231054 231055 231056 231057 231058 231059)
Late/Upper Santonian - Early/Lower Campanian85.8 - 70.6USA (Alabama) Plegadornis antecessor (81932)
Campanian83.6 - 72.1USA (California) I. sp. (94632)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Texas) I. antecessor (34756 34757)
Early/Lower Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Alabama) I. dispar (197308 197312 197314 197316 231048 231049 231050 231051) I. sp. (82635)
Early/Lower Campanian - Middle Campanian83.5 - 70.6USA (Alabama) I. dispar (80890)