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Charadriiformes (shorebird)

Reptilia - Charadriiformes

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1867Charadriiformes Huxley
1898Charadriiformes Gadow p. 35
1911Charadriiformes Jaekel p. 175
1930Charadriiformes Hay p. 335
1940Charadriiformes Wetmore p. 56
1960Charadriiformes Wetmore p. 27
1988Charadriiformes Carroll
1992Charadriiformes Guthrie p. 323
1992Charadriiformes Parmalee p. 313
2002Charadriiformes Hope pp. 357-358
2002Charadriiformes Sepkoski
2005Charadriiformes Mayr p. 318
2006Charadriiformes Slack et al. p. 1150
2007Charadriiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 92
2007Charadriiformes Mayr p. 395
2007Charadriiformes Smith et al. p. 1040
2011Charadriiformes Smith p. 7
2011Charadriiformes Smith and Clarke p. 16
2013Charadriiformes Smith and Mayr p. 777
2014Charadriiformes Smith p. 227
2014Charadriiformes del Hoyo et al.
2015Charadriiformes Prum et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
RankNameAuthor
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867
orderCharadriiformesHuxley 1867

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Charadriiformes Huxley 1867 [shorebird]
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Superfm. Alcoidae Stejneger 1885
+
Fm. Alcidae Leach 1820 [auk]
+
G. Alca Linnaeus 1758 [auk]
+
†Alca ausonia Portis 1887
†Alca carolinensis Smith and Clarke 2011
†Alca grandis Brodkorb 1955
†Alca minor Smith and Clarke 2011
†Alca olsoni Smith and Clarke 2011
†Alca stewarti Martin et al. 2000
Alca torda Linnaeus 1758 [razorbill]
Invalid names: Australca Brodkorb 1955 [synonym], Plautus Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
Subfm. Alcinae Leach 1820
+
G. Alle Link 1806
+
Alle alle Linnaeus 1758 [dovekie]
G. Brachyramphus Brandt 1837
+
Brachyramphus brevirostris Vigors 1829 [Kittlitz's murrelet]
†Brachyramphus dunkeli Chandler 1990
Brachyramphus marmoratus Gmelin 1789 [Marbled murrelet]
Brachyramphus perdix Pallas 1811 [Long-billed murrelet]
†Brachyramphus pliocenum Howard 1949
G. Cerorhinca Bonaparte 1828
+
†Cerorhinca dubia Miller 1925
†Cerorhinca minor Howard 1971
Cerorhinca monocerata Pallas 1811 [rhinoceros auklet]
†Cerorhinca reai Chandler 1990
G. †Mancalla Lucas 1901
+
†Mancalla cedrosensis Howard 1971
†Mancalla lucasi Smith 2011
†Mancalla vegrandis Smith 2011
Invalid names: Pliolunda Miller 1937 [synonym]
G. †Pinguinus Bonnaterre 1790 [Great auk]
+
†Pinguinus impennis Linnaeus 1758 [Great auk]
G. †Pseudocepphus Wijnker and Olson 2009
+
†Pseudocepphus teres Wijnker and Olson 2009
G. Synthliboramphus Brandt 1837
+
Synthliboramphus antiquum Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus antiquus Gmelin 1789 [Ancient murrelet]
Synthliboramphus craveri Salvadori 1865 [Craveri's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Xantas 1860 [Guadalupe murrelet]
†Synthliboramphus rineyi Chandler 1990
Synthliboramphus scrippsi Green and Arnold 1939 [Scripps's murrelet]
Synthliboramphus wumizusume Temminck 1835 [Japanese murrelet]
Invalid names: Endomychura Oberholser 1899 [synonym]
G. Uria Brisson 1760
+
Uria aalge Pontoppidan 1763 [Common murre]
†Uria affinis Marsh 1872
†Uria antiqua Marsh 1870
†Uria brodkorbi Howard 1981
Uria lomvia Linnaeus 1758 [Thick-billed murre]
†Uria onoi Watanabe et al. 2016
†Uria paleohesperis Howard 1982
†Uria troile Lydekker 1891
Invalid names: Alcini Storer 1960 [empty]
G. Cepphus Moehring 1758
+
Cepphus carbo Pallas 1811 [spectacled guillemot]
Cepphus columba Pallas 1811 [pigeon guillemot]
Cepphus grylle Linnaeus 1758 [black guillemot]
†Cepphus olsoni Howard 1982
†Cepphus storeri Harrison 1977
G. Fratercula Brisson 1760 [puffin]
+
Fratercula arctica Linnaeus 1758 [Atlantic puffin]
Fratercula cirrhata Pallas 1769 [tufted puffin]
Fratercula corniculata Naumann 1821 [horned puffin]
†Fratercula dowi Guthrie et al. 2000
+
+
G. Aethia Merrem 1788 [auklet]
+
Invalid names: Cyclorrhynchus Kaup 1829 [synonym]
G. Ptychoramphus Brandt 1837
Invalid names: Fraterculini Storer 1960 [empty]
Subfm. †Mancallinae Miller 1946
+
G. †Miomancalla Smith 2011
+
†Miomancalla howardi Smith 2011
†Miomancalla wetmorei Howard 1976
Invalid names: Mancalla emlongi Olson 1981 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla Howard 1966 [nomen dubium], Praemancalla lagunensis Howard 1966 [nomen dubium]
G. †Miocepphus Wetmore 1940
+
†Miocepphus blowi Wijnker and Olson 2009
†Miocepphus bohaskai Wijnker and Olson 2009
†Miocepphus mcclungi Wetmore 1940
†Miocepphus mergulellus Wijnker and Olson 2009
+
G. †Nautilornis Wetmore 1926
+
†Nautilornis avus Wetmore 1926
†Nautilornis proavitus Wetmore 1926
Invalid names: Aethiinae Verheyen 1958 [empty], Petralcinae Mlikovsky 1987 [empty]
Fm. Burhinidae Mathews 1912 [stone-curlew]
+
G. Burhinus Illiger 1811 [thick-knee]
+
Burhinus bistriatus Wagler 1829 [double-striped thick-knee]
Burhinus capensis Lichtenstein 1823 [spotted thick-knee]
Burhinus grallarius Latham 1801 [Bush thick-knee]
Burhinus indicus Salvadori 1865 [Indian thick-knee]
†Burhinus lucorum Bickart 1981
†Burhinus nanus Brodkorb 1959 [Bahama thick-knee]
Burhinus oedicnemus Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian thick-knee]
Burhinus senegalensis Swainson 1837 [Senegal thick-knee]
Burhinus superciliaris von Tschudi 1843 [Peruvian thick-knee]
Burhinus vermiculatus Cabanis 1868 [Water thick-knee]
Invalid names: Oedicnemus Temminck 1815 [synonym]
G. Esacus Lesson 1831
+
Esacus magnirostris Vieillot 1818 [beach thick-knee]
Esacus recurvirostris Cuvier 1829 [Great thick-knee]
Subor. Charadrii Huxley 1867
+
G. †Cherevychnavis Bochenski et al. 2019
+
†Cherevychnavis umanskae Bochenski et al. 2019
Superfm. Chionoidea Lesson 1828
+
G. †Chionoides De Pietri et al. 2016
+
†Chionoides australiensis De Pietri et al. 2016
G. †Neilus De Pietri et al. 2016
+
†Neilus sansomae De Pietri et al. 2016
Fm. Ibidorhynchidae Bonaparte 1856 [ibisbill]
+
G. Ibidorhyncha Vigors 1832 [ibisbill]
+
Ibidorhyncha struthersii Vigors 1832 [ibisbill]
Invalid names: Pluvianellidae Jehl 1975 [empty]
Fm. Chionidae Bonaparte 1832 [sheathbill]
+
G. Chionis Forster 1788
+
Chionis albus Gmelin 1789 [snowy sheathbill]
Chionis minor Hartlaub 1841 [Black-faced sheathbill]
Invalid names: Vaginalis Gmelin 1789 [synonym]
Fm. †Cimolopterygidae Brodkorb 1963
+
G. †Ceramornis Brodkorb 1963
+
†Ceramornis major Brodkorb 1963
G. †Cimolopteryx Marsh 1889
+
†Cimolopteryx maxima Brodkorb 1963
†Cimolopteryx rara Marsh 1889
G. †Lamarqueavis Agnolin 2010
+
†Lamarqueavis australis Agnolin 2010
†Lamarqueavis minima Brodkorb 1963
†Lamarqueavis petra Hope 2002
Fm. †Dakotornithidae Erickson 1975
+
G. †Dakotornis Erickson 1975
+
†Dakotornis cooperi Erickson 1975
G. Elseyornis Mathews 1914
+
Elseyornis melanops Vieillot 1818
G. Erythrogonys Gould 1838
+
Fm. †Graculavidae Fürbringer 1888
+
G. †Laornis Marsh 1870
+
†Laornis edvardsianus Marsh 1870
G. †Palaeotringa Marsh 1870
+
†Palaeotringa vagans Marsh 1872
G. †Graculavus Marsh 1872
+
†Graculavus augustus Hope 1999
†Graculavus velox Marsh 1872
Fm. Haematopodidae Bonaparte 1838 [oystercatchers]
+
G. Haematopus Linnaeus 1758
+
Haematopus finschi Martens 1897 [South Island oystercatcher]
Haematopus moquini Bonaparte 1856 [African oystercatcher]
Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian oystercatcher]
Haematopus palliatus Temminick 1820 [American oystercatcher]
+
Invalid names: Palostralegus sulcatus Brodkorb 1955 [synonym]
Haematopus unicolor Forster 1841 [variable oystercatcher]
Invalid names: Palostralegus Brodkorb 1955 [synonym]
Subfm. Ibidorhynchinae Bonaparte 1856
+
G. Ibidorhynchus Gray 1844
Invalid names: Haematopodinae [empty]
G. Hydrophasianus Wagler 1832
Fm. Jacanidae Stejneger 1885
+
G. Actophilornis Oberholser 1925
+
G. Irediparra Mathews 1911
+
Irediparra gallinacea Temminck 1828
G. Jacana Brisson 1760
+
†Jacana farrandi Olson 1976
Jacana jacana Linnaeus 1766 [Wattled jacana]
Jacana spinosa Linnaeus 1758 [Northern jacana]
G. †Janipes Rasmussen et al. 1987
+
†Janipes nymphaeobates Rasmussen et al. 1987
G. Metopidius Wagler 1832
+
Metopidius indicus Latham 1790
G. Microparra Cabanis 1877
+
G. †Nupharanassa Rasmussen et al. 1987
+
†Nupharanassa bulotorum Rasmussen et al. 1987
†Nupharanassa tolutaria Rasmussen et al. 1987
Subor. Lari Sharpe 1891
+
Infraor. Chionidides Sharpe 1891
+
Invalid names: Chionididae Lesson 1828 [empty]
Fm. Glareolidae Brehm 1831
+
G. †Becassius De Pietri and Mayr 2012
+
†Becassius charadriioides De Pietri and Mayr 2012
G. †Boutersemia Mayr and Smith 2001
+
†Boutersemia belgica Mayr and Smith 2001
†Boutersemia parvula Mayr and Smith 2001
G. Cursorius Latham 1790
+
Cursorius cursor Latham 1787 [Cream-coloured courser]
G. Glareola Brisson 1760
+
Glareola nordmanni Fischer 1842 [Black-winged pratincole]
G. †Mioglareola Ballmann 1979
G. †Paractiornis Wetmore 1930
+
†Paractiornis perpusillus Wetmore 1930
G. †Precursor Harrison and Walker 1977
+
†Precursor litorum Harrison and Walker 1977
†Precursor magnus Harrison and Walker 1977
†Precursor parvus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. Stiltia Gray 1855
+
Stiltia isabella Vieillot 1816 [Australian pratincole]
Invalid names: Cursoriinae Gray 1840 [empty], Glareolinae Brehm 1831 [empty]
Infraor. Larides
+
Superfm. Laroidea Stejneger 1885
+
Fm. Laridae Vigors 1825 [gull]
+
Subfm. Anoinae Olson 2011
G. Anous Stephens 1826
+
Invalid names: Procelsterna Lafresnaye 1842 [synonym]
G. Chlidonias Rafinesque 1822
+
Invalid names: Hydrochelidon Boie [synonym]
G. Chroicocephalus Eyton 1836
G. Creagrus Bonaparte 1854
G. †Gaviota Miller and Sibley 1941
G. Gelochelidon Brehm 1830
G. Gygis Wagler 1832
G. Hydrocoloeus Kaup 1829
G. Hydroprogne Kaup 1829
Subfm. Larinae Bonaparte 1831
G. Larosterna Blyth 1852
G. Larus Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Laroides Brehm 1830 [synonym]
G. Leucophaeus Bruch 1853
G. †Limosavis Schufeldt 1915
G. Onychoprion Wagler 1832
G. Pagophila Kaup 1829
G. Rhodostethia MacGillivray 1842
G. Rissa Stephens 1826
Subfm. Rynchopinae Dickinson and Remsen 2013
G. Sterna Linnaeus 1758 [tern]
Subfm. Sterninae Bonaparte 1838 [tern]
G. Sternula Boie 1822
G. Thalasseus Boie 1822
G. Xema Leach 1819
Invalid names: Gyginae del Hoyo et al. 2014 [empty]
Superfm. Rhynchopoidea
+
Invalid names: Rhynchopidae [empty]
Unr. Laromorphae De Pietri et al. 2011
+
G. †Laricola Mlíovsky 2002
+
†Laricola desnoyersii Milne-Edwards 1863
†Laricola elegans Milne-Edwards 1867
†Laricola intermedia De Pietri et al. 2011
†Laricola robusta De Pietri et al. 2011
†Laricola totanoides Milne-Edwards 1867
G. †Sternalara De Pietri et al. 2011
+
†Sternalara milneedwardsi De Pietri et al. 2011
†Sternalara minuta De Pietri et al. 2011
Invalid names: Laricolidae De Pietri et al. 2011 [empty]
Invalid names: Alcides [empty]
Subor. Limicolae
+
Infraor. Charadriides
+
Superfm. Charadrioidea
+
Fm. Charadriidae Vigors 1825 [lapwing]
+
G. Anarhynchus Quoy and Gaimard 1830
Subfm. Charadriinae Vigors 1825
G. Charadrius Linnaeus 1758
+
Invalid names: Aegialitis Boie 1822 [synonym], Eudromias Brehm 1831 [synonym], Eupoda Brandt 1845 [synonym], Oxyechus Reichenbach 1852 [synonym]
G. †Dorypaltus Brodkorb 1959 [lapwing]
G. †Jiliniornis Hou and Ericson 2002
G. Oreopholus Jardine and Selby 1835
G. Pluvialis Brisson 1760
G. †Pseudosterna Mercerat 1897
Subfm. Vanellinae Bonaparte 1842 [crested plover]
G. Vanellus Brisson 1760
Invalid names: Pluvialinae MacGillivray 1852 [empty]
Fm. †Rhegminornithidae Wetmore 1943
+
G. †Rhegminornis Wetmore 1943
Invalid names: Oedicnemidae Gray 1840 [empty]
Invalid names: Burhinoidea [empty], Glareoloidea [empty], Haematopoidea [empty]
Infraor. Dromaides
+
Fm. Dromadidae Gray 1840
+
G. Dromas Paykull 1805 [crab-plover]
+
Dromas ardeola Paykull 1805 [crab-plover]
G. †Ocyplanus De Vis 1905
Infraor. Scolopacides
+
Invalid names: Scolopacoidea [empty], Thinocoroidea [empty]
Unr. Panalcidae Smith 2011
+
G. †Divisulcus Smith 2013
+
†Divisulcus demerei Smith 2013
Invalid names: Alcodes Howard 1968 [nomen dubium], Alcodes ulnulus Howard 1968 [nomen dubium], Mancalla milleri Howard 1970 [nomen dubium], Pliolunda diegense Miller 1937 [nomen dubium]
Subor. Parrae
+
Fm. Rostratulidae Ridgway 1919
+
G. Nycticryphes Wetmore and Peters 1923
+
G. Rostratula Vieillot 1816
+
Rostratula australis Gould 1838 [Australian painted-snipe]
Rostratula benghalensis Linnaeus 1758 [Greater painted-snipe]
Fm. Pedionomidae Gadow 1893
+
G. †Oligonomus De Pietri et al. 2015
+
†Oligonomus milleri De Pietri et al. 2015
G. Pedionomus Gould 1841
+
Pedionomus torquatus Gould 1841 [plains-wanderer]
G. Peltohyas Sharpe 1896
+
G. Phegornis Gray 1845
+
G. Pluvianellus Gray 1846
+
Fm. Pluvianidae MacGillivray 1852 [Egyptian plover]
+
G. Pluvianus Vieillot 1816
+
Pluvianus aegyptius Linnaeus 1758 [Egyptian plover]
Fm. Recurvirostridae Bonaparte 1854
+
G. †Fluviatilavis Harrison 1983
+
†Fluviatilavis antunesi Harrison 1983
Subfm. Himantopodinae Reichenbach 1849
+
Tr. Cladorhynchini Livezey and Zusi 2007
+
G. Cladorhynchus Gray 1840
+
Cladorhynchus leucocephalus Vieillot 1816 [Banded stilt]
G. †Himantopodarum Meunier 1906
Invalid names: Himantopodini Sibley 1988 [empty]
G. Himantopus Brisson 1760
+
†Himantopus brevipes Milne-Edwards 1871
Himantopus himantopus Linnaeus 1758 [black-winged stilt]
Himantopus mexicanus Muller 1776 [black-necked stilt]
Himantopus novaezelandiae Gould 1841 [black stilt]
G. †Kashinia Harrison and Walker 1979
+
Invalid names: Tenuicrus Harrison and Walker 1976 [replaced]
G. Recurvirostra Linnaeus 1758 [avocet]
+
Recurvirostra americana Gmelin 1789 [American avocet]
Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus 1758 [pied avocet]
†Recurvirostra teruelensis de Villalta 1963
Invalid names: Recurvirostrinae Bonaparte 1831 [empty]
G. Rhinoptilus Strickland 1852
G. †Sarjeantopodus Lockley et al. 2003
+
†Sarjeantopodus semipalmatus Lockley et al. 2003
Subor. Scolopaci Strauch 1978
+
G. †Hakawai De Pietri et al. 2015
+
†Hakawai melvillei De Pietri et al. 2015
G. †Scolopacimilis De Pietri and Mayr 2012
+
†Scolopacimilis lartetianus Milne-Edwards 1868
Fm. Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 [snipe]
+
G. Actitis Illiger 1811
+
Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus 1758 [common sandpiper]
Actitis macularius Linnaeus 1766 [spotted sandpiper]
G. Arenaria Brisson 1760
+
Arenaria interpres Linnaeus 1758 [ruddy turnstone]
Arenaria melanocephala Vigors 1829 [black turnstone]
Invalid names: Strepsilas Illiger 1811 [objective synonym]
G. Bartramia Lesson 1831
+
Bartramia longicauda Bechstein 1812 [upland sandpiper]
†Bartramia umatilla Brodkorb 1958
G. Calidris Gmelin 1789
+
Calidris alba Pallas 1764 [sanderling]
Calidris alpina Linnaeus 1758 [dunlin]
†Calidris binagadensis Serebrovsky 1940
Calidris canutus Linnaeus 1758 [red knot]
Calidris falcinellus Pontoppidan 1763 [broad-billed sandpiper]
Calidris ferruginea Pontoppidan 1763 [curlew sandpiper]
Calidris fuscicollis Vieillot 1819 [white-rumped sandpiper]
Calidris himantopus Bonaparte 1826 [stilt sandpiper]
Calidris mauri Cabanis 1857 [western sandpiper]
Calidris melanotos Vieillot 1819 [pectoral sandpiper]
Calidris minuta Leisler 1812 [little stint]
Calidris minutilla Viellot 1816 [least sandpiper]
†Calidris pacis Brodkorb 1955
Calidris pugnax Linnaeus 1758 [ruff]
Calidris pusilla Linnaeus 1766 [semipalmated sandpiper]
Calidris temminckii Leisler 1812 [Temminck's stint]
Invalid names: Ereunetes Illeger 1811 [synonym], Erolia [synonym], Limicola Koch 1816 [synonym], Micropalama Baird 1858 [synonym], Philomachus Merrem 1804 [synonym]
G. Coenocorypha Gray 1855
+
Coenocorypha aucklandica Gray 1845 [subantarctic snipe]
†Coenocorypha chathamica Forbes 1893 [Forbes's snipe]
†Coenocorypha iredalei Rothschild 1921 [South Island snipe]
†Coenocorypha miratropica Worthy 2003
†Coenocorypha neocaledonica Worthy et al. 2013 [New Caledonian snipe]
Coenocorypha pusilla Butler 1869 [Chatham Islands snipe]
G. †Elorius Milne-Edwards 1868
+
†Elorius limosoides De Pietri and Mayr 2012
†Elorius paludicola Milne-Edwards 1868
G. Gallinago Brisson 1760 [snipe]
+
†Gallinago azovica Zelenkov and Panteleyev 2015
Gallinago delicata Ord 1825 [Wilson's snipe]
Gallinago gallinago Linnaeus 1758 [common snipe]
Gallinago hardwickii Gray 1831 [Latham's snipe]
†Gallinago kakuki Steadman and Takano 2016
Gallinago media Latham 1787 [great snipe]
Gallinago megala Swinhoe 1861 [Swinhoe's snipe]
Gallinago paraguaiae Vieillot 1816 [South American snipe]
Gallinago paraguaiae magellanica King 1828 [Magellanic snipe]
Gallinago stenura Bonaparte 1831 [pin-tailed snipe]
Invalid names: Capella Frenzel 1801 [synonym]
G. Heteroscelus Baird 1858
G. Limnodromus Wied-Neuwied 1833 [dowitcher]
+
Limnodromus griseus Gmelin 1789 [short-billed dowitcher]
Limnodromus scolopaceus Say 1822 [long-billed dowitcher]
G. Limosa Brisson 1760 [godwit]
+
Limosa fedoa Linnaeus 1758 [marbled godwit]
Limosa lapponica Linnaeus 1758 [bar-tailed godwit]
Limosa limosa Linnaeus 1758 [black-tailed godwit]
†Limosa vanrossemi Miller 1925
G. Lymnocryptes Boie 1826
+
Lymnocryptes minimus Brünnich 1764 [jack snipe]
G. Numenius Brisson 1760
+
Numenius americanus Bechstein 1812 [long-billed curlew]
†Numenius antiquus Milne-Edwards 1868
Numenius arquata Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian curlew]
Numenius borealis Forster 1772 [eskimo curlew]
Numenius madagascariensis Linnaeus 1766 [far eastern curlew]
Numenius minutus Gould 1841 [little curlew]
Numenius phaeopus Linnaeus 1758 [whimbrel]
+
Invalid names: Podiceps gadowi Hachisuka 1953 [synonym]
Numenius tahitiensis Gmelin 1789 [bristle-thighed curlew]
G. †Nuntius Campbell 1979
+
†Nuntius solitarius Campbell 1979
G. †Paractitis Weigel 1963
G. †Parvelorius De Pietri and Mayr 2012
+
†Parvelorius calidris De Pietri and Mayr 2012
†Parvelorius gracilis Milne-Edwards 1868
G. Phalaropus Brisson 1760
+
Phalaropus fulicarius Linnaeus 1758 [red phalarope]
Phalaropus lobatus Linnaeus 1758 [red-necked phalarope]
Phalaropus tricolor Vieillot 1819 [Wilson's phalarope]
Invalid names: Lobipes Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Steganopus Viellot 1818 [synonym]
G. Philohela Gray 1841 [American woodcock]
G. Prosobonia Bonaparte 1850 [Polynesian sandpiper]
+
†Prosobonia sauli De Pietri et al. 2020
Subfm. Scolopacinae Bonaparte 1831
+
G. Macrorhamphus Forster 1817
G. Scolopax Linnaeus 1758
+
†Scolopax hutchensi Emslie 1998 [snipe]
Scolopax minor Gmelin 1789 [American woodcock]
Scolopax mira Hartert 1916 [Amami woodcock]
†Scolopax mira ohyamai Matsuoka and Hasegawa 2018
Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian woodcock]
G. Totanus Cuvier 1800
+
†Totanus edwardsi Gaillard 1908
†Totanus grivensis Ennouchi 1930
†Totanus minor Ennouchi 1930
G. Tringa Linnaeus 1758
+
†Tringa ameghini Campbell 1979 [sandpiper]
†Tringa antiqua Fedducia 1970
Tringa erythropus Pallas 1764 [spotted redshank]
Tringa flavipes Gmelin 1789 [lesser yellowlegs]
Tringa glareola Linnaeus 1758 [wood sandpiper]
Tringa incana Gmelin 1789 [wandering tattler]
Tringa melanoleuca Gmelin 1789 [greater yellowlegs]
Tringa nebularia Gunnerus 1767 [common greenshank]
Tringa ochropus Linnaeus 1758 [green sandpiper]
Tringa semipalmata Gmelin 1789 [willet]
Tringa semipalmata inornata Brewster 1887 [willet]
Tringa solitaria Wilson 1813 [solitary sandpiper]
Tringa totanus Linnaeus 1758 [common redshank]
Invalid names: Catoptrophorus Bonaparte 1827 [synonym], Symphemia Rafinesque 1819 [synonym], Totanus Bechstein 1803 [synonym]
Subfm. Tringinae Gray 1840
+
G. †Limicolavis Shufeldt 1915
+
†Limicolavis pluvianella Shufeldt 1915
G. †Palnumenius Miller 1942
+
†Palnumenius victima Miller 1942
G. Pelidna Linnaeus 1817
G. Tryngites Cabanis 1857
G. †Villetus Harrison and Walker 1976
+
†Villetus grandis Harrison and Walker 1976
†Villetus waltoni Harrison and Walker 1976
G. Xenus Kaup 1829
+
Xenus cinereus Güldenstädt 1775 [Terek sandpiper]
Invalid names: Calidriinae [empty], Calidrinae Reichenbach 1849 [empty], Eroliinae Lambrecht 1933 [empty], Limosinae Lambrecht 1933 [empty], Numeniinae Gray 1840 [empty], Palaeotringinae [empty], Phalaropodidae Bonaparte 1831 [synonym]
Fm. Stercorariidae Brisson 1760 [skua]
+
G. Stercorarius Brisson 1760
+
Stercorarius antarcticus Lesson 1831 [brown skua]
Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi Mathews 1912 [subantarctic skua]
Stercorarius longicaudus Vieillot 1819 [long-tailed jaeger]
Stercorarius maccormicki Saunders 1893 [south polar skua]
Stercorarius parasiticus Linnaeus 1758 [parasitic jaeger]
Stercorarius pomarinus Temminck 1815 [pomarine jaeger]
†Stercorarius shufeldti Howard 1946
Stercorarius skua Brünnich 1764 [great skua]
Invalid names: Catharacta Brünnich 1764 [synonym], Lestris Temminck 1815 [synonym]
G. †Telmatornis Marsh 1870
+
†Telmatornis priscus Marsh 1870
+
Invalid names: Graculavus pumilus Marsh 1872 [objective synonym], Palaeotringa vetus Marsh 1870 [synonym], Telmatornis affinis Marsh 1870 [synonym]
Fm. Thinocoridae Gray 1845
+
G. Attagis Saint-Hilaire 1831
+
Attagis gayi Saint-Hilaire 1831
G. Thinocorus Eschscholtz 1829 [seedsnipe]
+
†Thinocorus koepckae Campbell 1979 [seedsnipe]
Thinocorus rumicivorus Eschscholtz 1829 [least seedsnipe]
G. Thinornis Vieillot 1789
+
Thinornis cucullatus Vieillot 1789
Fm. Turnicidae Gray 1840 [buttonquail]
+
G. Ortyxelos Vieillot 1819
+
Ortyxelos meiffrenii Vieillot 1819
G. †Turnipax Mayr 2000
+
†Turnipax dissipata Mayr 2000
†Turnipax oechslerorum Mayr and Knopf 2007
G. Turnix Bonnaterre 1791 [buttonquail]
+
Turnix maculosus Temminck 1815 [red-backed buttonquail]
Turnix nigricollis Gmelin 1789 [Madgascar buttonquail]
Turnix suscitator Gmelin 1789 [barred buttonquail]
Turnix sylvaticus Desfontaines 1789 [small buttonquail]
Turnix varius Lathum 1802 [painted buttonquail]
Turnix velox Gould 1841 [little buttonquail]
Invalid names: Hemipodius Temminck 1815 [synonym]
Invalid names: Turnipacidae Mayr 2000 [synonym]
G. †Volgavis Nessov and Yarkov 1989
+
†Volgavis marina Nessov and Yarkov 1989
Invalid names: Alcae [empty], Pedionomae [empty], Telmatornithidae Cracraft 1972 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Modified: 2017-04-17 10:41:05
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875, Bush and Bambach 2015

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Holocene or 83.50000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 70.6 Ma

Collections (842 total)

Oldest occurrences

Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Campanian83.5 - 70.6Canada (Alberta) Cimolopteryx sp. (210574)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Aves indet. (32370) Cimolopterygidae indet., Lamarqueavis australis (48999)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0Canada (Saskatchewan) Cimolopteryx sp. (14558)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Charadriiformes indet. sp. 1 (14527) Charadriiformes indet. sp. 1, Graculavus augustus, Cimolopteryx maxima, Cimolopteryx petra (14519) Cimolopteryx minima (14565) Sarjeantopodus semipalmatus (60172)
Lancian70.6 - 66.0USA (Montana) Charadriiformes indet. sp. 1 (14516) Cimolopteryx maxima (14517)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (New Jersey) Graculavus velox, Palaeotringa vagans, Graculavus pumilis (88034) Laornis edvardsianus (87902) Palaeotringa littoralis (87905) Palaeotringa vetus (87904) Telmatornis priscus, Telmatornis affinis (87903)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0USA (Wyoming) Cimolopteryx sp., Cimolopteryx rara, Ceramornis major (14585)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian70.6 - 66.0Russian Federation (Volgograd) Volgavis marina (118366)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Early/Lower Paleocene70.6 - 61.7USA (New Jersey) Graculavidae indet., Graculavus velox, Palaeotringa littoralis, Palaeotringa vetus, Telmatornis priscus (26819)
Late/Upper Maastrichtian - Danian70.6 - 61.6USA (New Jersey) Telmatornis priscus (88096)
Danian66.0 - 61.6USA (North Dakota) Graculavidae indet. (14962)
Tiffanian61.7 - 56.8USA (North Dakota) Graculavidae indet. (14931) Graculavidae indet., Dakotornis cooperi (15000)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (Sussex) Precursor parvus (13298)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Australia (Queensland) Graculavidae indet. (59088)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Precursor parvus (8050 178051)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Antarctica Charadriiformes indet. (100414)
Eocene56.0 - 33.9USA (Utah) Nautilornis avus, Nautilornis proavitus (123112)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Graculavidae indet., Scolopaci indet., Charadriiformes indet. (15595)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6Portugal (Região Centro) Fluviatilavis antunesi (79200)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6United Kingdom Precursor magnus, Precursor litorum (215472)