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Molothrus ater (brown-headed cowbird)

Reptilia - Passeriformes - Icteridae

Taxonomy
Oriolus ater was named by Boddaert (1783). It is extant.

It was recombined as Molothrus ater by Wetmore (1962), Oswald and Steadman (2011), Clements et al. (2017) and Oswald and Steadman (2018).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1783Oriolus ater Boddaert
1962Molothrus ater Wetmore p. 14
2011Molothrus ater Oswald and Steadman p. 58 fig. 2C
2017Molothrus ater Clements et al.
2018Molothrus ater Oswald and Steadman p. 367

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
RankNameAuthor
—Crocopoda
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
orderPasseriformesLinnaeus 1758
familyIcteridaeVigors 1825
genusMolothrusSwainson 1832
speciesater(Boddaert 1783)

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Molothrus ater Boddaert 1783 [brown-headed cowbird]
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Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialsubf
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: volantsubf
Diet: insectivoresubf
Diet 2: frugivoresubf
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 16:48:48
Modified: 2009-01-03 18:48:48
Source: subf = subfamily, o = order
References: Naka 2004, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Gelasian to the top of the Rancholabrean or 2.58800 to 0.01200 Ma

Collections (8 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Molothrus ater (20384)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Molothrus ater (20350)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Sonora) Molothrus ater (20495)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Molothrus ater (82258)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Molothrus ater (20595)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Molothrus ater (123918)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Oregon) Molothrus ater (93251)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Bahamas (New Providence Island) Molothrus ater (194588)