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Phlyctaenina

Placodermi - Arthrodira

Taxonomy
Phlyctaenina was named by Miles (1973).

It was corrected as Phlyctaeniina by Denison (1978).

It was assigned to Arthrodira by Denison (1975), Denison (1978) and Denison (1984).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1973Phlyctaenina Miles
1975Phlyctaeniina Denison p. 23
1978Phlyctaeniina Denison
1984Phlyctaenina Denison p. 396

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
RankNameAuthor
superclassGnathostomata
—Placodermiomorphi
classPlacodermiM'Coy 1848
orderArthrodiraWoodward 1891
suborderPhlyctaeninaMiles 1973
suborderPhlyctaeninaMiles 1973

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. †Phlyctaenina Miles 1973
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Fm. †Holonematidae Obruchev 1932
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G. †Belemnacanthus Eastman 1898
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†Belemnacanthus giganteus Eastman 1898
G. †Deirosteus Wells 1942
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†Deirosteus abbreviatus Eastman 1907
†Deirosteus angustatus Obruchev 1961
†Deirosteus omaliusii Agassiz 1844
G. †Deveonema Kulczycki 1957
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†Deveonema obrucevi Kulczycki 1957
G. †Gyroplacosteus Obrutschev 1930
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†Gyroplacosteus butovi Obruchev 1932
†Gyroplacosteus panderi Obruchev 1932
†Gyroplacosteus vialowi Kulczycki 1957
G. †Holonema Newberry 1890
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†Holonema arcticum Mark-Kurik 1975
†Holonema farrowi Stevens 1964
†Holonema haiti Denison 1968
†Holonema harmae Mark 1953
†Holonema horrida Cope 1892
†Holonema obrutshevi Mark 1953
†Holonema ornatum Traquair 1908
†Holonema radiatum Obruchev 1932
†Holonema rugosa Claypole 1883
†Holonema westolli Miles 1971
G. †Megaloplax Obrutschev 1933
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†Megaloplax marginalis Eichwald 1871
G. †Rhenonema Obruchev 1964
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†Rhenonema eifeliense Kayser 1880
G. †Tiaraspis Gross 1962
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†Tiaraspis subtilis Gross 1933
G. †Tropidosteus Gross 1933
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†Tropidosteus curvatus Gross 1933
Fm. †Phlyctaeniidae Fowler 1947
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G. †Aggeraspis Gross 1962
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†Aggeraspis heintzi Gross 1933
G. †Arctaspis Heintz 1929
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†Arctaspis hoegi Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis hoeli Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis holtedahli Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis kiaeri Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis maxima Heintz 1929
†Arctaspis minor Heintz 1929
G. †Arctolepis Eastman 1908
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†Arctolepis brevis Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis decipiens Woodward 1891
†Arctolepis lata Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis lewini Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis longicornis Heintz 1929
†Arctolepis solnoerdali Heintz 1929
G. †Barwickosteus Young and Long 2014
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†Barwickosteus antarcticus Young and Long 2014
G. †Cartieraspis Pageau 1969
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†Cartieraspis nigra Pageau 1969
G. †Diadsomaspis Gross 1937
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†Diadsomaspis elongata Gross 1933
G. †Dicksonosteus Goujet 1975
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†Dicksonosteus arcticus Goujet 1975
G. †Gaspeaspis Pageau 1969
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†Gaspeaspis atholi Pageau 1969
†Gaspeaspis cassivii Pageau 1969
G. †Grifftaylor Young and Long 2014
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†Grifftaylor antarcticus Young and Long 2014
G. †Heterogaspis Strand 1932
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†Heterogaspis acuticornis Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis borealis Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis gigantea Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis hornsundi Heintz 1929
†Heterogaspis minuta Heintz 1929
G. †Huginaspis Heintz 1929
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†Huginaspis broeggeri Heintz 1929
†Huginaspis vogti Heintz 1929
G. †Kolpaspis Pageau 1969
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†Kolpaspis beaudryi Pageau 1969
G. †Neophlyctaenius White 1969
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†Neophlyctaenius sherwoodi Denison 1950
G. †Pageauaspis Denison 1978
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†Pageauaspis russelli Pageau 1969
G. †Phlyctaenius Traquair 1890
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†Phlyctaenius acadicus Whiteaves 1881
†Phlyctaenius fulgens Pageau 1969
G. †Prosphymaspis Gross 1937
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†Prosphymaspis corneti Leriche 1948
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: marinesubp
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Created: 2004-08-17 14:23:32
Modified: 2004-08-17 16:33:26
Source: o = order, subp = subphylum
Reference: Carroll 1988

Age range: base of the Emsian to the top of the Famennian or 407.60000 to 358.90000 Ma

Collections (17 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Pragian - Emsian410.8 - 393.3Norway Dicksonosteus arcticus (233178)
Emsian - Givetian407.6 - 382.7Antarctica Grifftaylor antarcticus (207084)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Estonia Holonema sp. A Mark-Kurik (225794) Holonema sp. B Mark-Kurik (225793)
Eifelian393.3 - 387.7Belarus Phlyctaeniina gen. n. (225853) Phlyctaeniina gen. n. ? (225882)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Latvia Holonema obrutshevi (225802 225850)
Early/Lower Givetian388.1 - 383.7Estonia Holonema harmae (225851) Holonema obrutshevi (225804)
Givetian387.7 - 382.7Antarctica Barwickosteus antarcticus (207080)
Early/Lower Frasnian383.7 - 382.4Iran Holonema sp. (226048)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2Australia (New South Wales) Holonema westolli (232510)
Frasnian382.7 - 372.2USA (Pennsylvania) Holonema horrida, Holonema rugosa (164509)
Middle Frasnian382.4 - 379.5Poland (Swietokrzyskie Voivodship) Gyroplacosteus sp., Holonema sp., Deveonema obrucevi, Holonema radiatum (226394)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9USA (Pennsylvania) Holonema rugosa (164511)
Famennian372.2 - 358.9South Africa (Eastern Cape) Phlyctaeniidae indeterminate 1, Phlyctaeniidae indeterminate 2 (68049)