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Pontolis
Taxonomy
Pontolis was named by True (1905) [Sepkoski's age data: T Mi-u]. Its type is Pontoleon magnus.
It was considered a nomen dubium by Repenning and Tedford (1977).
It was assigned to Otariidae by Kellogg (1922), Hay (1930) and Mitchell (1968); to Imagotarinae by Horikawa (1995); to Dusignathina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Odobaenidae by Carroll (1988) and Kohno (2006); to Imagotariinae by Barnes (1988), Barnes (1989), Kohno et al. (1995) and Barnes (2008); to Dusignathinae by Deméré (1994), Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003) and Berta (2009); and to Odobenidae by Boessenecker and Churchill (2013), Berta (2017), Magallanes et al. (2018), Berta (2018), Berta et al. (2018) and Biewer et al. (2020).
It was considered a nomen dubium by Repenning and Tedford (1977).
It was assigned to Otariidae by Kellogg (1922), Hay (1930) and Mitchell (1968); to Imagotarinae by Horikawa (1995); to Dusignathina by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Odobaenidae by Carroll (1988) and Kohno (2006); to Imagotariinae by Barnes (1988), Barnes (1989), Kohno et al. (1995) and Barnes (2008); to Dusignathinae by Deméré (1994), Berta (2002), Deméré et al. (2003) and Berta (2009); and to Odobenidae by Boessenecker and Churchill (2013), Berta (2017), Magallanes et al. (2018), Berta (2018), Berta et al. (2018) and Biewer et al. (2020).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1905 | Pontolis True p. 253 |
| 1907 | Pontoleon True |
| 1922 | Pontolis Kellogg p. 106 |
| 1925 | Pontoleon Zittel p. 78 |
| 1930 | Pontolis Hay p. 558 |
| 1968 | Pontolis Mitchell p. 1897 |
| 1988 | Pontolis Barnes p. 2 |
| 1988 | Pontolis Carroll |
| 1989 | Pontolis Barnes p. 23 |
| 1994 | Pontolis Deméré p. 116 |
| 1995 | Pontolis Horikawa p. 322 figs. Table 4 |
| 1995 | Pontolis Kohno et al. p. 305 |
| 1997 | Pontolis McKenna and Bell p. 257 |
| 2002 | Pontolis Berta p. 923 |
| 2002 | Pontolis Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Pontolis Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3 |
| 2006 | Pontolis Kohno p. 418 |
| 2008 | Pontolis Barnes p. 533 |
| 2009 | Pontolis Berta p. 863 |
| 2013 | Pontolis Boessenecker and Churchill p. 10 fig. 8 |
| 2017 | Pontolis Berta p. 156 |
| 2018 | Pontolis Berta p. 714 figs. Fig. 3 |
| 2018 | Pontolis Berta et al. p. 217 figs. Fig. 6 |
| 2018 | Pontolis Magallanes et al. p. 30 figs. Fig. 14 |
| 2020 | Pontolis Biewer et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Pontolis True 1905
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†Pontolis barroni Biewer et al. 2020
†Pontolis kohnoi Biewer et al. 2020
†Pontolis magnus True 1907
Invalid names: Pontoleon True 1907 [synonym]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. N. Biewer et al. 2020 | Large odobenid with elongated rostrum and the following odobenid synapomorphies: large anterior narial opening with thick margins and with dorsoventrally elliptical outline (c. 2[1]); pterygoid strut dorsoventrally thick and laterally broad (c. 13[2]); antorbital process prominent on frontal and maxilla (c. 15[1]); large epitympanic recess (c. 23[1]); bony tentor- ium appressed to petrosal (c. 29[1]); diameter of medial lip of humeral trochlea greater than distal capitulum (c. 84[1]); scapho- lunar with well-formed pit for magnum (c. 87[1]); ‘V’-shaped nasal/frontal suture (c. 4[1]), marked interorbital constriction (c. 17[1]). With the exception of females of Po. barroni, Pontolis can be differentiated from all other basal odobenids by having a mandible with an enlarged digastric insertion (c. 46[1]). It can be differentiated from all other basal odobenids except Os. eodon by having thin postcanine tooth enamel (c. 62[1]). It can be differentiated from other basal odobenids except I. downsi and T. orangensis by having an enlarged mastoid process (c. 33 [1]). It can be differentiated from other basal odobenids except I. downsi by having a shallow glenoid fossa (c. 26[1]). It can be dif- ferentiated from Os. eodon and Neodobenia by having a small infraorbital foramen (c. 6[0], excluding G. pugnax), double or bilobed p2 and P3 roots (c. 72[0], 74[1]), a posteriomedially placed protocone shelf (c. 75[1]), a double-rooted m1 and M2 (c. 79[0], 80[0]), and retaining an M1 (c. 81[0]). |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Kohno et al. 1995, Hendy et al. 2009, Carreño and Cronin 1993 | |||||
Collections (10 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Otariidae indet. (52212) P. magnus (215607) P. sp. (13300 106202 225297) P. sp., P. barroni (215601) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Oregon) | Pontoleon magnus (57128) P. magnus (57057) | |
| Tortonian - Piacenzian | USA (California) | P. sp. (188305) | |
| Messinian | USA (California) | P. kohnoi (215603) |