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Taxonomy
Zalophus was named by Gill (1866) [Sepkoski's age data: Q Plei R]. It is extant. Its type is Zalophus californianus.
It was reranked as Eumetopias (Zalophus) by Trouessart (1904).
It was assigned to Zalophina by Gray (1871); to Eumetopias by Trouessart (1904); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Otariinae by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Muizon (1978), Berta and Deméré (1986), Barnes (1989), Riedman (1990), Vidal (1991), McKenna and Bell (1997), Berta (2002) and Deméré et al. (2003); to Otariini by Mitchell (1968) and Koretsky and Barnes (2006); to Otariidae by Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Kellogg (1922), Hay (1930), Repenning and Tedford (1977), Berta et al. (2006), Berta (2009), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015) and Berta (2018); and to Otariidae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Iizumi et al. (2010), Berta et al. (2018) and Tsuzuku and Kohno (2020).
It was reranked as Eumetopias (Zalophus) by Trouessart (1904).
It was assigned to Zalophina by Gray (1871); to Eumetopias by Trouessart (1904); to Carnivora by Sepkoski (2002); to Otariinae by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Muizon (1978), Berta and Deméré (1986), Barnes (1989), Riedman (1990), Vidal (1991), McKenna and Bell (1997), Berta (2002) and Deméré et al. (2003); to Otariini by Mitchell (1968) and Koretsky and Barnes (2006); to Otariidae by Allen (1880), Trouessart (1898), Kellogg (1922), Hay (1930), Repenning and Tedford (1977), Berta et al. (2006), Berta (2009), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015) and Berta (2018); and to Otariidae by Kurten and Anderson (1980), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Iizumi et al. (2010), Berta et al. (2018) and Tsuzuku and Kohno (2020).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1866 | Zalophus Gill p. 7 |
| 1871 | Zalophus Gray p. 12 |
| 1880 | Zalophus Allen p. 209 |
| 1898 | Zalophus Trouessart p. 371 |
| 1904 | Eumetopias (Zalophus) Trouessart p. 279 |
| 1922 | Zalophus Kellogg p. 107 |
| 1930 | Zalophus Hay p. 557 |
| 1939 | Zalophus kimitsensis Matsumoto p. 257 figs. Fig. 1 |
| 1963 | Zalophus Scheffer and Rice p. 2 |
| 1968 | Zalophus Mitchell p. 1897 |
| 1977 | Zalophus Repenning and Tedford p. 73 |
| 1978 | Zalophus Muizon p. 184 |
| 1980 | Zalophus Kurten and Anderson p. 203 |
| 1986 | Zalophus Berta and Deméré p. 122 |
| 1989 | Zalophus Barnes p. 23 |
| 1990 | Zalophus Riedman p. 58 figs. Table 2 |
| 1991 | Zalophus Vidal p. 6 |
| 1997 | Zalophus McKenna and Bell p. 254 |
| 2002 | Zalophus Berta p. 923 |
| 2002 | Zalophus Sepkoski |
| 2003 | Zalophus Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3 |
| 2005 | Zalophus Wilson and Reeder |
| 2006 | Zalophus Berta et al. p. 496 |
| 2006 | Zalophus Koretsky and Barnes p. 145 |
| 2009 | Zalophus Berta p. 863 |
| 2010 | Zalophus Iizumi et al. p. 245 |
| 2015 | Zalophus Boessenecker and Churchill figs. Fig. 2 |
| 2018 | Zalophus Berta p. 713 figs. Fig. 2 |
| 2018 | Zalophus Berta et al. p. 210 figs. Fig. 5 |
| 2020 | Zalophus Tsuzuku and Kohno p. 6 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Zalophus Gill 1866 [California sea lion]
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Zalophus californianus Lesson 1828 [California sea lion]
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Invalid names: Arctocephalus gilliespii Macbain 1858 [synonym], Arctocephalus monteriensis Gray 1866 [synonym]
Zalophus japonicus Peters 1866
Zalophus wollebaeki Silversten 1954 [Galapagos sea lion]
Invalid names: Zalophus kimitsensis Matsumoto 1939 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
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| Source: t = tribe, c = class, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Nowak 1991, Gingerich 2003, Carreño and Cronin 1993 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Middle Miocene to the top of the Holocene or 15.97000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.608 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 11.608 Ma
Collections (26 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Middle Miocene | Japan (Shimane) | Zalophus sp. (52020) | |
| Pliocene | USA (California) | Zalophus sp. (58989) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan | Zalophus sp. (38499 79697) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | Japan (Kanagawa) | Zalophus sp. (76023) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Zalophus sp., Zalophus californianus (59062) | |
| Pleistocene | Japan (Akita) | Zalophus lobatus (102049) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Chiba) | Zalophus californianus (102984) Zalophus kimitsensis (101851) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Zalophus californianus (20639) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | Japan (Aomori) | Zalophus californianus (101897) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Zalophus sp. (84882 84889 85314) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan (Ibaraki) | Zalophus japonicus (192279) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Zalophus californianus (190889) Zalophus sp. (152093) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (California) | Zalophus sp. (20628) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Japan (Aomori) | Zalophus californianus (101898 101899 195045) | |
| Holocene | Ecuador (Galapagos Islands) | Zalophus wollebaeki (230268) | |
| Holocene | Japan (Hokkaido) | Zalophus japonicus (230267) | |
| Holocene | USA (Alaska) | Zalophus californianus (70585 70586) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Baja California) | Zalophus californianus (75142) |