PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Triactoma

Protozoa - Xiphostylidae

Taxonomy

Triactoma was named by Rüst (1885) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr Ladi K Albi-u].

It was assigned to Heliosestrinae by Loeblich and Tappan (1961); to Xiphostylidae by Zügel (1997), Hull (1997) and De Wever et al. (2001); and to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002).

Species lacking formal opinion data

T. hybum, T. jakobsae, T. paronai, T. smithi

Synonyms

Triactiscus was named by Haeckel (1887). It is extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Triactoma by Loeblich and Tappan (1961).

It was assigned to Radiolaria by Popova-Goll et al. (2005).
Triactis was named by Haeckel (1881) [Sepkoski's age data: Tr R Sepkoski's reference number: ZR80]. It is extant.

It was replaced with Triactoma by Rüst (1885) and Loeblich and Tappan (1961); it was replaced with Triactiscus by Haeckel (1887).

It was assigned to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1881	Triactis Haeckel
1885	Triactoma Rüst
1887	Triactiscus Haeckel
1961	Triactoma Loeblich and Tappan
1997	Triactoma Hull p. 69
1997	Triactoma Zügel
2001	Triactoma De Wever et al. p. 117
2002	Triactis Sepkoski
2002	Triactoma Sepkoski
2005	Triactiscus Popova-Goll et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
—	Life
—	Eukaryota	()
class	Protozoa	Goldfuss 1820
subphylum	Sarcodina	Schmarda 1871
class	Reticularea	Lankester 1885

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Radiolaria	(Müller 1858)
superorder	Polycystina	(Ehrenberg 1838)
superfamily	Actinommacea	Haeckel 1862
family	Xiphostylidae	Haeckel 1881
genus	Triactoma	Rüst 1885

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Triactoma Rüst 1885

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†Triactoma amajacensis Pessagno et al. 1989

†Triactoma blakei Pessagno 1977

†Triactoma cellulosa Foreman 1973

†Triactoma foremanae Muzavor 1977

†Triactoma frequens Pessagno et al. 1989

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Invalid names: Tripocyclia notabilis Pessagno et al. 1989 [synonym]

†Triactoma hexeris O'Dogherty 1994

†Triactoma hidalgoensis Pessagno et al. 1989

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Invalid names: Triactoma robusta Yang 1993 [synonym]

Triactoma ilsedense Rüst 1885

†Triactoma jonesi Pessagno 1977

†Triactoma kellumi Pessagno et al. 1989

†Triactoma mexicana Pessagno et al. 1989

Triactoma pachyacantha Rüst 1885

†Triactoma parablakei Yang and Wang 1990

†Triactoma paramexicana Pessagno and Yang 1989

†Triactoma prolongata Pessagno et al. 1989

†Triactoma rosespitensis Carter 1988

†Triactoma spinosa Pessagno et al. 1989

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Invalid names: Tripocyclia superba Yang 1993 [synonym]

†Triactoma tenuspinea Yang 1993

†Triactoma tithonianum Rüst 1885

Invalid names: Triactis Haeckel 1881 [replaced], Triactiscus Haeckel 1887 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

silicap

Environment:

marinep

Locomotion:

passively mobilep

Life habit:

planktonicp

Diet:

omnivorep

Created:

2005-01-28 01:13:47

Modified:

2005-01-28 03:13:47

Source: p = phylum

Reference: Kiessling 1999

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pliensbachian to the top of the Late/Upper Santonian or 189.60000 to 83.50000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 183.0 Ma

Collections (348 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Oldest occurrences
Pliensbachian	190.8 - 182.7	USA (California)	T. sp. (87216)
Pliensbachian	190.8 - 182.7	Mexico (Baja California Sur)	T. rosepitensis (33567)
Early/Lower Pliensbachian	189.6 - 183.0	Canada (British Columbia)	T. rosespitensis (119768 119775)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	189.6 - 183.0	USA (Oregon)	T. sp., Tripocyclia sp. A (124323) T. spp. (124325)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian	189.6 - 183.0	Austria (Styria)	T. rosespitensis (95555)
Late/Upper Pliensbachian - Early/Lower Toarcian	189.6 - 182.0	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	T. sp. (92793)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	USA (Oregon)	T. spp. (124328 124333 124335)
Early/Lower Toarcian	183.0 - 182.0	Japan	T. rosespitensis (124830) T. southforkensis (51710)
Early/Lower Toarcian - Middle Toarcian	183.0 - 175.6	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	T. sp. (92795)
Middle Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	USA (Oregon)	T. spp. (124336 124337)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Canada (British Columbia)	Tripocyclia rosespitense, Tripocyclia sp. B (71099) Tripocyclia sp. B (71095 71096)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Greece	T. sp., T. jonesi (142135)
Middle Toarcian - Late/Upper Toarcian	182.0 - 175.6	Japan	T. rosespitensis (120007)
Middle Toarcian - Early/Lower Aalenian	182.0 - 171.6	Greece	T. sp. (142133)
Late/Upper Toarcian - Middle Aalenian	180.1 - 171.6	Russian Federation (Primorskiy Kray)	T. sp. (92798)
Early/Lower Aalenian	175.6 - 171.6	Germany	T. sp. (59493 59495 59496 59497)
Early/Lower Aalenian	175.6 - 171.6	Canada (British Columbia)	T. jakobsae (119855)
Early/Lower Aalenian - Middle Aalenian	175.6 - 171.6	Japan	T. brooksi, T. jakobsae, T. blakei (51711)
Late/Upper Aalenian	175.6 - 171.6	Japan (Kochi)	T. jakobsae, T. smithi (66916)
Late/Upper Aalenian	175.6 - 171.6	Japan	T. jakobsae, T. brooksi, T. southforkensis (54166) T. southforkensis, T. brooksi, T. jakobsae, T. sp. Y, T. sp. Z (51712)