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Bufonidae (toad)
Taxonomy
Bufonidae was named by Gray (1825). It is extant.
It was assigned to Bufoniformia by Cope (1875); to Arcifera by Gadow (1898); to Procoela by Kuhn (1946); to Anura by Carroll (1988); to Anuri by Holman et al. (1990); to Anura by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Hyloidea by Sanchiz (1998) and Hoegg et al. (2004); to Neobatrachia by Gissi et al. (2006); and to Anura by Venczel and Stiuca (2008) and Böhme (2010).
It was assigned to Bufoniformia by Cope (1875); to Arcifera by Gadow (1898); to Procoela by Kuhn (1946); to Anura by Carroll (1988); to Anuri by Holman et al. (1990); to Anura by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Hyloidea by Sanchiz (1998) and Hoegg et al. (2004); to Neobatrachia by Gissi et al. (2006); and to Anura by Venczel and Stiuca (2008) and Böhme (2010).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Bufonidae Gray |
| 1875 | Bufonidae Cope p. 9 |
| 1898 | Bufonidae Gadow p. 15 |
| 1946 | Bufonidae Kuhn p. 54 |
| 1988 | Bufonidae Carroll |
| 1990 | Bufonidae Holman et al. p. 523 |
| 1996 | Bufonidae Frank and Ramus |
| 1998 | Bufonidae Sanchiz |
| 2004 | Bufonidae Hoegg et al. p. 1192 |
| 2006 | Bufonidae Gissi et al. p. 231 |
| 2008 | Bufonidae Venczel and Stiuca p. 746 |
| 2010 | Bufonidae Böhme p. 16 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Bufonidae Gray 1825 [toad]
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G. Bufo Laurenti 1768
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Bufo alvarius Girard 1859 [Colorado river toad]
Bufo americanus Holbrook 1836 [American toad]
†Bufo arenarius Taylor 1936
Bufo bufo Linnaeus 1758
Bufo calamita Cope 1864
†Bufo defensor Meylan 2001 [toad]
†Bufo hibbardi Taylor 1936
†Bufo holmani Parmley 1992
†Bufo kuhrei Holman 1973
†Bufo linquensis Yang 1977
Bufo marinus Tihen 1962
Bufo melanostictus Schneider 1799
Bufo obstetricans Laurenti 1768 [midwife frog]
†Bufo pliocompactilis Wilson 1968
†Bufo praevius Tihen 1951 [toad]
†Bufo serratus Filhol 1876
Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre 1789 [Southern toad]
†Bufo tiheni Auffenberg 1957 [toad]
†Bufo valentinensis Estes and Tihen 1964
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 [European green toad]
Bufo woodhousei Girard 1854 [Woodhouse's toad]
Bufo woodhousii fowleri Hinckley 1882
G. Peltophryne Fitzinger 1843
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Uhen 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (321 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maastrichtian | Portugal (Coimbra) | Anura indet. (49228) | |
| Thanetian | France (Champagne-Ardenne) | Bufonidae indet. (87925) | |
| Bartonian | Switzerland (Jura) | Bufonidae indet. (182385) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Miocene | France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) | Bufo serratus (179194) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Florida) | Bufo sp. (17341) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Kazakhstan | Bufo viridis (64355) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene | Kazakhstan (East Kasakhstan) | Bufonidae indet. (167805) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | Bufo sp., Bufo viridis (136269) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | Bufo linchuensis (41810) Bufo linquensis (43397) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | Bufo sp. (17963) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | Bufo praevius (18597) | |
| Orleanian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | Bufo sp. (200140) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Bufo hibbardi (18165) Bufo hibbardi, Bufo valentinensis (18141) Bufo hibbardi, Bufo valentinensis, Bufo kuhrei (18284) Bufo indet., Bufo hibbardi, Bufo valentinensis (18208) Bufo sp. (18031) Bufo valentinensis (18442) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Bufo valentinensis (18759) | |
| Langhian | Spain (Catalonia) | Bufotes viridis (180192) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Bavaria) | Bufo sp., Bufo viridis (34615) Bufo viridis (134954) | |
| MN 5 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | Bufo priscus (48325) | |
| Middle Miocene | USA (Louisiana) | Bufonidae indet. (164392) | |
| Serravallian | Chile (Malleco) | Rhinella sp. (137122) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | Bufo priscus, Bufo sp. (58983) | |