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Bufo
Taxonomy
Bufo was named by Laurenti (1768). It is extant.
It was assigned to Bufonidae by Cope (1875), Estes and Wassersug (1963), Estes and Tihen (1964), Lynch (1965), Kotsakis (1977), Holman and Sullivan (1981), Holman et al. (1986), Carroll (1988), Holman et al. (1990), Parmley (1992), Frank and Ramus (1996), Sanchiz (1998), Venczel and Stiuca (2008) and Böhme (2010).
It was assigned to Bufonidae by Cope (1875), Estes and Wassersug (1963), Estes and Tihen (1964), Lynch (1965), Kotsakis (1977), Holman and Sullivan (1981), Holman et al. (1986), Carroll (1988), Holman et al. (1990), Parmley (1992), Frank and Ramus (1996), Sanchiz (1998), Venczel and Stiuca (2008) and Böhme (2010).
Species
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1768 | Bufo Laurenti figs. 1-5 |
| 1875 | Bufo Cope p. 29 |
| 1963 | Bufo Estes and Wassersug pp. 5-12 |
| 1964 | Bufo Estes and Tihen p. 460 |
| 1965 | Bufo Lynch p. 74 |
| 1977 | Bufo Kotsakis |
| 1981 | Bufo Holman and Sullivan p. 139 |
| 1986 | Bufo Holman et al. |
| 1988 | Bufo Carroll |
| 1990 | Bufo Holman et al. p. 523 |
| 1992 | Bufo Parmley p. 275 |
| 1996 | Bufo Frank and Ramus |
| 1998 | Bufo Sanchiz |
| 2008 | Bufo Venczel and Stiuca p. 746 fig. 10 |
| 2010 | Bufo Böhme p. 16 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Bufo Laurenti 1768
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Bufo alvarius Girard 1859 [Colorado river toad]
Bufo americanus Holbrook 1836 [American toad]
†Bufo arenarius Taylor 1936
Bufo bufo Linnaeus 1758
Bufo calamita Cope 1864
†Bufo defensor Meylan 2001 [toad]
†Bufo hibbardi Taylor 1936
†Bufo holmani Parmley 1992
†Bufo kuhrei Holman 1973
†Bufo linquensis Yang 1977
Bufo marinus Tihen 1962
Bufo melanostictus Schneider 1799
Bufo obstetricans Laurenti 1768 [midwife frog]
†Bufo pliocompactilis Wilson 1968
†Bufo praevius Tihen 1951 [toad]
†Bufo serratus Filhol 1876
Bufo terrestris Bonnaterre 1789 [Southern toad]
†Bufo tiheni Auffenberg 1957 [toad]
†Bufo valentinensis Estes and Tihen 1964
Bufo viridis Laurenti 1768 [European green toad]
Bufo woodhousei Girard 1854 [Woodhouse's toad]
Bufo woodhousii fowleri Hinckley 1882
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Uhen 2004 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Maastrichtian to the top of the Holocene or 72.10000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 66.0 Ma
Collections (295 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maastrichtian | Portugal (Coimbra) | Anura indet. (49228) | |
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Miocene | France (Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées) | B. serratus (179194) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Florida) | B. sp. (17341) | |
| Aquitanian - Burdigalian | Kazakhstan | B. viridis (64355) | |
| Early/Lower Miocene - Middle Miocene | Spain (Castile-La Mancha) | B. sp., B. viridis (136269) | |
| Burdigalian | China (Shandong) | B. linchuensis (41810) B. linquensis (43397) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Nebraska) | B. sp. (17963) | |
| Hemingfordian | USA (Florida) | B. praevius (18597) | |
| Orleanian | Czech Republic (Moravia) | B. sp. (200140) | |
| Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | B. hibbardi (18165) B. hibbardi, B. valentinensis (18141) B. hibbardi, B. valentinensis, B. kuhrei (18284) Bufo indet., B. hibbardi, B. valentinensis (18208) B. sp. (18031) B. valentinensis (18442) | |
| Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | B. valentinensis (18759) | |
| Langhian | Germany (Bavaria) | B. sp., B. viridis (34615) B. viridis (134954) | |
| MN 5 | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | B. priscus (48325) | |
| Serravallian | Slovakia (Bratislava) | B. priscus, B. sp. (58983) | |
| Laventan | Colombia (Huila) | B. marinus (185892) | |
| Sarmatian | Austria | B. viridis (175587) | |
| Sarmatian | Romania (Arad) | B. viridis (135812) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | B. valentinensis (188779) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | B. cognatus, B. hibbardi, B. pliocompactilis, B. marinus, B. boreas (18450) | |
| Clarendonian | USA (South Dakota) | B. sp., B. pliocompactilis (18268) | |