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Acroechinoidea

Echinoidea

Taxonomy
Acroechinoidea was named by Smith (1981). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Smith (1981) and Kroh and Smith (2010).

It was reranked as the infraclass Acroechinoidea by Smith (1995) and Kroh and Smith (2010); it was reranked as the superorder Acroechinoidea by Smith (2015).

It was assigned to Euechinoidea by Smith (1981), Smith (1995), Kroh and Smith (2010) and Smith (2015).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1981Acroechinoidea Smith p. 791
1995Acroechinoidea Smith p. 123
2010Acroechinoidea Kroh and Smith p. 170
2015Acroechinoidea Smith p. 42

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
Ambulacraria
phylumEchinodermata
RankNameAuthor
subphylumEleutherozoa
Echinozoa()
classEchinoidea()
subclassEuechinoideaBronn 1860
superorderAcroechinoidea()
superorderAcroechinoidea()

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superor. Acroechinoidea Smith 1981
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Or. Aspidodiadematoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Aspidodiadematidae Duncan 1889
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G. Aspidodiadema Agassiz 1878
G. †Culozoma Vadet and Slowik 2001
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Culozoma baroini Vadet and Slowik 2001
G. †Gymnotiara Pomel 1883
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Gymnotiara dumortieri Cotteau 1881
G. Plesiodiadema Pomel 1883
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Plesiodiadema jessoni Gregory 1896
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Invalid names: Eosalenia miranda Lambert 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eosalenia [synonym]
G. †Tiaridia Pomel 1883
Unr. Carinacea Kroh and Smith 2010
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Unr. Calycina Gregory 1900
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Subor. †Phymosomatoida Mortensen 1904
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G. †Cottaldia Desor 1856
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Cottaldia benettiae Koenig 1825
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Invalid names: Cottaldia rotula Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cotteaudia [nomen vanum]
Fm. †Diplopodiidae Gregory 1900
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Fm. †Emiratiidae Ali 1990
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G. †Emiratia Ali 1990
Fm. †Heterodiadematidae Smith and Wright 1993
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G. †Loriolidiadema Abdelhamid et al. 2016
Fm. †Phymosomatidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Cosmocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Dixieus
G. †Gauthieria Lambert 1891
G. Glyptocidaris Agassiz 1853
G. †Glyptocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Micropsis
G. †Phymosoma Haime 1853
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Invalid names: Cyphosoma Agassiz 1838 [replaced]
G. †Plistophyma Peron and Gauthier 1881
G. †Polyplacidia Poretskaya 1968
G. †Porosoma Cotteau 1856
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Invalid names: Coptosoma Desor 1855 [replaced], Microsoma Cotteau 1886 [synonym]
G. †Rachiosoma Pomel 1883
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Invalid names: Pomelechinus Checchia-Rispoli 1946 [objective synonym]
G. †Thylechinus Pomel 1883
G. †Winkleria
Invalid names: Phymosomatinae Pomel 1883 [empty]
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Trochotiara kongieli Radwanska 1999
Trochotiara pucaensis Fritzsche 1924
Trochotiara suleiovense Radwanska 1999
Trochotiara superbum Agassiz 1840
Invalid names: Polydiadematidae Hess 1972 [empty]
Or. Salenioida Delage and Hérouard 1903
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Fm. †Acrosaleniidae Gregory 1900
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G. †Acrosalenia Agassiz 1840
G. †Heterosalenia Cotteau
Tr. †Holosaleniini Smith and Wright 1990
G. †Milnia Haime 1849
Fm. †Hyposaleniidae Mortensen 1934
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G. †Goniophorus Agassiz 1838
G. †Hyposalenia Desor 1858
G. †Peltastes Agassiz 1838
Fm. Saleniidae Agassiz 1838
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G. Salenia Gray 1835
G. †Salenidia Pomel 1883
Subfm. Saleniinae Agassiz 1838
Invalid names: Saleninae Agassiz [empty]
Invalid names: Goniophoridae Smith and Wright 1990 [empty], Pseudosaleniidae Vadet 1999 [empty]
G. †Salenocidaris Agassiz 1869
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Salenocidaris hakkaidoensis De Loriol 1902
Salenocidaris obnupta Schlüter 1892
Fm. †Hemicidaridae Wright 1857
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G. †Gymnocidaris Agassiz 1838
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Gymnocidaris cossmanni Lambert 1900
Gymnocidaris pustulosa Agassiz 1846
G. †Hemicidaris Agassiz 1838
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Hemicidaris abyssinica Blanford 1870
Hemicidaris alpina Agassiz 1840
Hemicidaris confluens M'Coy 1848
Hemicidaris granulosa Wright 1851
Hemicidaris icaunensis Cotteau 1849
Hemicidaris intermedia Fleming 1828
Hemicidaris koechlini Cotteau 1862
G. †Hemitiaris Pomel 1883
G. †Hessotiara Pomel 1883
G. †Leptarbacia Clark and Twitchell 1915
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Leptarbacia argutus Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Plesiocidaris Pomel 1883
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Pseudocidaris ellenbecki Dacque 1905
Pseudocidaris simulans Nisiyama 1950
Pseudocidaris thurmanni Agassiz 1840
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Invalid names: Hemicidaris mammosa Agassiz 1840 [synonym]
G. †Sphaerotiaris Lambert and Thiéry 1914
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Sphaerotiaris quenstedti Merian 1856
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Invalid names: Pseudocidaris subcrenularis Gauthier 1873 [synonym]
Unr. Irregularia Latreille 1825
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Unr. Atelostomata von Zittel 1879
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G. †Aulacopygus Pomel 1883
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Aulacopygus caudatus Wright 1852
Fm. †Collyritidae d'Orbigny 1853
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G. †Grasia
G. †Pygomalus
Fm. †Disasteridae Gras 1848
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G. †Acrolusia
G. †Corthya
G. †Disaster
Subfm. †Disasterinae Gras 1848
G. †Oustechinus Lambert 1931
Subfm. †Pygorhytinae Lambert 1909
Or. Holasteroida Durham and Melville 1957
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Fm. Calymnidae Mortensen 1907
G. †Coraster
G. †Coryslus
G. †Eoholaster Solovjev 1989
Subor. †Meridosternata Lovèn 1883
G. †Physaster Pomel 1883
G. †Pomaster
G. †Pseudholaster Pomel 1883
G. †Smithiaster Barras 2007
Fm. †Stenonasteridae Lambert 1922
Invalid names: Hemipneustidae Lambert 1917 [empty], Pseudholasteridae Smith and Jeffery 2000 [empty]
G. †Notidisaster Smith and Crame 2012
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Notidisaster subitus Smith and Crame 2012
G. †Orbigniana Ebray 1860
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Orbignyana canaliculata Quenstedt 1852
Orbignyana ebrayi Cotteau 1872
Or. Spatangoida Agassiz 1840 [heart urchin]
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G. †Amoraster
G. Archaeopneustes Gregory 1892
G. †Barnumia Cooke 1953
Subor. Brissidina Stockley et al. 2005
G. †Brissoides Klein 1778
G. †Cagaster
Fm. †Echinocoridae Lambert 1917
Fm. Hemiasteridae Clark 1917
Subor. Hemiasterina Fischer 1966
G. Hypselaster Clark 1917
G. †Kertaster
G. †Leymeriaster Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subor. Micrasterina Fischer 1966
G. †Mundaster
G. †Murraypneustes Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Niponaster Lambert 1920
G. †Orthaster
Subor. Paleopneustina Agassiz 1904
G. †Peroniaster Gauthier 1887
G. †Pliotoxaster Fourtau 1906
Fm. †Somaliasteridae Wagner and Durham 1966
G. Spatagobrissus Clark 1923
G. †Tessieria
Fm. †Toxasteridae Lambert 1920
G. †Wuarnia
Invalid names: Asterostomatina Fischer 1966 [empty], Palaeostomidae Lovèn 1868 [empty], Toxasterina Fischer 1966 [empty]
Fm. †Tithoniidae Solovjev 1966
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G. †Tetraromania Solovjev 1971
G. †Tithonia Pomel 1883
Invalid names: Acrolusiidae Mintz 1968 [empty], Asternata [empty], Pycnasterides Pomel 1869 [empty], Sternata [empty]
Or. Echinoneoida Clark 1925
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Superfm. †Conulidea Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. †Conulidae Lambert 1911
Invalid names: Galeritidae Gray 1825 [empty], Neoglobatoridae Endelman 1980 [empty]
Fm. Echinoneidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
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G. †Amblypygus Agassiz 1840
G. Echinoneus Leske 1778
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Invalid names: Koehleraster Lambert and Thiery 1921 [synonym]
G. †Paleoechinoneus Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. †Pygoyrina Pomel 1883
G. †Pyrina Desmoulins
G. †Rhopostoma Cooke 1959
Or. Holectypoida Duncan 1889
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Fm. †Anorthopygidae Wagner and Durham 1966
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Fm. †Discoididae Lambert 1900
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G. †Discoides Parkinson 1811
G. †Dixonia
G. †Lanieria Duncan 1889
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Echinogalerus bueltenensis Schluter 1902
Echinogalerus gehrdensis Roemer 1841
Echinogalerus goslariensis Schluter 1902
Echinogalerus raingeardi Tessier and Roman 1973
Invalid names: Caratomus Desor 1842 [synonym]
G. †Galerites Lamarck 1801
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Galerites oregonensis Dana 1849
Invalid names: Adelopneustes Gauthier 1889 [synonym], Echinoconus d'Orbigny 1854 [synonym]
Fm. †Holectypidae Lambert 1900
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G. †Coenholectypus Pomel 1883
G. †Discholectypus Pomel 1883
G. †Metholectypus Hawkins 1923
Invalid names: Coenholectypidae Smith and Wright 1999 [empty], Conoclypina Haeckel 1896 [empty], Holectypina [empty]
Unr. Microstomata Smith 1984
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Fm. †Desorellidae Lambert 1911
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G. †Desorella Cotteau 1855
G. †Menopygus Pomel 1883
Fm. †Galeropygidae Lambert 1911
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Invalid names: Ressopygus Pomel 1883 [synonym]
G. †Hyboclypus Agassiz 1839
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Hyboclypus gibberulus Agassiz 1839
Unr. Neognathostomata Smith 1981
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Fm. Apatopygidae Kier 1962
Fm. †Archiaciidae Cotteau and Triger 1869
G. †Bothryopneustes Fourtau 1924
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Invalid names: Clypeobrissus Currie 1925 [synonym]
Or. Cassiduloida Agassiz and Desor 1847
Or. Clypeasteroida Agassiz 1836 [sand dollar]
Fm. †Clypeidae Lambert 1898
Fm. †Clypeolampadidae Kier 1962
Or. Echinolampadoida Kroh and Smith 2010
Fm. †Nucleolitidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
Invalid names: Pygaulidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
G. †Pygorhytis Pomel 1883
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Pygorhytis ringens Agassiz 1835
Fm. †Pygasteridae Lambert 1900
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G. †Pileus
G. †Plesiechinus Pomel 1883
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Plesiechinus hawkinsi Jesionek-Szymanska 1970
G. †Pygaster
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Pygaster umbrella Lamarck 1816
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Invalid names: Pygaster welschi Gauthier 1889 [synonym]
Fm. †Orthopsidae Duncan 1889
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G. †Echinopsis Agassiz 1840
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Echinopsis diatreta Morton 1833
G. †Orthopsis Cotteau 1864
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Orthopsis miliaris d'Archiac 1835
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Invalid names: Cottaldia australis White 1887 [synonym], Diadema granulare Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Diadema kleinii Desmoulins 1837 [synonym], Diadema polystigma Agassiz 1840 [synonym], Hemipedina charltoni Cragin 1894 [synonym], Orthopsis morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Orthopsis planulata Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Orthopsis sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym], Pseudodiadema grangeri Maury 1936 [synonym]
Orthopsis occidentalis Cragin 1893
Fm. †Pseudodiadematidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Heterodiadema Cotteau 1864
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Heterodiadema libycum Agassiz and Desor 1846
Heterodiadema ornatum Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Hypodiadema Desor 1858
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Hypodiadema balsami Stoppani 1865
Hypodiadema elegans Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Loriolia
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Polydiadema joaquinensis Grant and Hertlein 1938
Invalid names: Girardema Vadet 1993 [synonym]
G. †Tetragramma Agassiz 1840
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Tetragramma deshayesi Cotteau 1864
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Invalid names: Phymosoma braziliensis White 1887 [synonym]
Tetragramma variolare Brongniart 1822
G. †Tiaromma
Or. Diadematoida Duncan 1889
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Fm. Diadematidae Gray 1855
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G. †Australidiadema Smith and Crame 2012
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Australidiadema alexanderi Smith and Crame 2012
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Diadema depressum Agassiz 1846
Diadema pseudodiadema Lamarck 1816
Diadema subangulare Goldfuss 1826
G. Echinothrix Peters 1853
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Echinothrix calamaris Pallas 1774
G. †Eodiadema
G. †Kierechinus Philip 1963
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Kierechinus melo Kier 1957
G. †Mesodiadema Neumayr 1889
G. †Sierradiadema Mooi and Hilton 2014
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Sierradiadema kristini Mooi and Hilton 2014
G. †Engelia
Invalid names: Diadematoina Duncan 1889 [empty]
Or. Micropygoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Micropygidae Mortensen 1903
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G. Micropyga Agassiz 1879
Fm. †Nicolleaumatidae Vadet 1999
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G. †Nicolleauma Vadet 1999
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Nicolleauma chartroni Lambert 1904
Nicolleauma collenoti Cotteau 1882
Nicolleauma lacostei Lambert 1933
Nicolleauma minutum Buckman 1845
Or. Pedinoida Mortensen 1939
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Fm. Pedinidae Pomel 1883
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G. Caenopedina Agassiz 1869
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Diademopsis bonei Wright 1855
Diademopsis davidsoni Wright 1855
Diademopsis desori Stoppani 1865
Diademopsis heberti Agassiz and Desor 1847
Diademopsis microgramma Wright 1858
Diademopsis serialis Agassiz 1838
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Invalid names: Hemipedina bechei Wright 1855 [synonym], Hemipedina bowerbankii Wright 1855 [synonym], Hemipedina tomesii Wright 1861 [synonym]
Diademopsis tetragramma Wright 1855
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Invalid names: Hemipedina waterhousei Wright 1855 [synonym]
G. †Dumblea Cragin 1893
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Invalid names: Hebertia Lambert 1910 [synonym]
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Hemipedina beaugrandi Rigaux 1882
Hemipedina etheridgii Wright 1854
Hemipedina ferryi Cotteau 1860
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Invalid names: Hemipedina chalmasi Cotteau 1883 [synonym], Hemipedina perforata pisolitica Paris 1908 [synonym]
Hemipedina hudsoni Kier 1977
Hemipedina incipiens Bather 1909
Hemipedina jardinii Wright 1855
Hemipedina perforata Wright 1851
Hemipedina taylori Smith and Crame 2012
Hemipedina tuberculosa Wright 1855
Hemipedina woodwardii Wright 1855
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Invalid names: Hemipedina bathonica Cotteau 1882 [synonym], Hemipedina icaunensis Cotteau 1883 [synonym]
G. †Pedina
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Pedina granulosa Agassiz 1847
Pedina rotata Agassiz 1840
Pedina salteri de Loriol 1871
Invalid names: Atlasaster [synonym], Hectopedina Thiery 1928 [synonym], Megapedina Lambert and Thiery 1910 [synonym]
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Phymopedina marchamensis Wright 1855
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Invalid names: Hemipedina bouchardii Wright 1858 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hemipedina cunningtoni Wright 1855 [nomen dubium], Hemipedina morrisii Wright 1855 [nomen dubium]
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Pseudorthopsis rojasi Sanchez-Roig 1953
Fm. †Pedinopsidae El Qot et al. 2016
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Pedinopsis humilis Fourtau 1921
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Invalid names: Diplopodia micropyga Fourtau 1921 [synonym]
Pedinopsis pondi Clark 1893
Pedinopsis symmetrica Craigin 1893
Invalid names: Orthopsida Mortensen 1942 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available