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Acroechinoidea
Taxonomy
Acroechinoidea was named by Smith (1981). It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Smith (1981) and Kroh and Smith (2010).
It was reranked as the infraclass Acroechinoidea by Smith (1995) and Kroh and Smith (2010); it was reranked as the superorder Acroechinoidea by Smith (2015).
It was assigned to Euechinoidea by Smith (1981), Smith (1995), Kroh and Smith (2010) and Smith (2015).
It was reranked as the infraclass Acroechinoidea by Smith (1995) and Kroh and Smith (2010); it was reranked as the superorder Acroechinoidea by Smith (2015).
It was assigned to Euechinoidea by Smith (1981), Smith (1995), Kroh and Smith (2010) and Smith (2015).
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1981 | Acroechinoidea Smith p. 791 |
1995 | Acroechinoidea Smith p. 123 |
2010 | Acroechinoidea Kroh and Smith p. 170 |
2015 | Acroechinoidea Smith p. 42 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superor. Acroechinoidea Smith 1981
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Or. Aspidodiadematoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. Aspidodiadematidae Duncan 1889
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G. Aspidodiadema Agassiz 1878
G. †Tiaridia Pomel 1883
Unr. Carinacea Kroh and Smith 2010
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Unr. Calycina Gregory 1900
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Subor. †Phymosomatoida Mortensen 1904
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G. †Boletechinus
G. †Cottaldia Desor 1856
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†Cottaldia benettiae Koenig 1825
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Invalid names: Cottaldia rotula Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cotteaudia [nomen vanum]
G. †Gauthiosoma
G. †Leioechinus
Fm. †Phymosomatidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Acanthechinus
G. †Actinophyma
G. †Aeolopneustes
G. †Cosmocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Dixieus
G. †Gauthieria Lambert 1891
G. Glyptocidaris Agassiz 1853
G. †Glyptocyphus Pomel 1883
G. †Hemithylus
G. †Jacquiertia
G. †Lambertechinus
G. †Leptechinus
G. †Micropsis
G. †Narindechinus
G. †Pleurodiadema
G. †Plistophyma Peron and Gauthier 1881
G. †Polyplacidia Poretskaya 1968
G. †Porosoma Cotteau 1856
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Invalid names: Coptosoma Desor 1855 [replaced], Microsoma Cotteau 1886 [synonym]
G. †Thylechinus Pomel 1883
G. †Winkleria
Invalid names: Phymosomatinae Pomel 1883 [empty]
G. †Trochotiara
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†Trochotiara kongieli Radwanska 1999
†Trochotiara pucaensis Fritzsche 1924
†Trochotiara suleiovense Radwanska 1999
†Trochotiara superbum Agassiz 1840
G. †Zeugopleurus
Invalid names: Polydiadematidae Hess 1972 [empty]
Or. Salenioida Delage and Hérouard 1903
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Fm. †Acrosaleniidae Gregory 1900
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G. †Acrosalenia Agassiz 1840
G. †Heterosalenia Cotteau
Tr. †Holosaleniini Smith and Wright 1990
G. †Milnia Haime 1849
G. †Monodiadema
G. †Polysalenia
G. †Pseudosalenia
G. †Recrosalenia
G. †Eurysalenia
Fm. †Hyposaleniidae Mortensen 1934
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G. †Goniophorus Agassiz 1838
G. †Hyposalenia Desor 1858
G. †Idiocidaris
G. †Peltastes Agassiz 1838
G. †Poropeltaris
Fm. Saleniidae Agassiz 1838
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G. Salenia Gray 1835
G. †Salenidia Pomel 1883
Subfm. Saleniinae Agassiz 1838
G. †Trisalenia
G. †Valsalenia
Invalid names: Saleninae Agassiz [empty]
Invalid names: Goniophoridae Smith and Wright 1990 [empty], Pseudosaleniidae Vadet 1999 [empty]
G. †Salenocidaris Agassiz 1869
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†Salenocidaris hakkaidoensis De Loriol 1902
†Salenocidaris obnupta Schlüter 1892
Fm. †Hemicidaridae Wright 1857
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G. †Asterocidaris
G. †Cidaropsis
G. †Eurypneustes
G. †Gymnocidaris Agassiz 1838
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†Gymnocidaris cossmanni Lambert 1900
†Gymnocidaris pustulosa Agassiz 1846
G. †Hemicidaris Agassiz 1838
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†Hemicidaris abyssinica Blanford 1870
†Hemicidaris alpina Agassiz 1840
†Hemicidaris confluens M'Coy 1848
†Hemicidaris granulosa Wright 1851
†Hemicidaris icaunensis Cotteau 1849
†Hemicidaris intermedia Fleming 1828
†Hemicidaris intumescens Clark 1893
†Hemicidaris koechlini Cotteau 1862
G. †Hemitiaris Pomel 1883
G. †Hessotiara Pomel 1883
G. †Plesiocidaris Pomel 1883
G. †Pseudocidaris
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†Pseudocidaris ellenbecki Dacque 1905
†Pseudocidaris sanctacrucensis Radwanska 1999
†Pseudocidaris simulans Nisiyama 1950
G. †Sphaerotiaris Lambert and Thiéry 1914
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†Sphaerotiaris quenstedti Merian 1856
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Invalid names: Pseudocidaris subcrenularis Gauthier 1873 [synonym]
Unr. Irregularia Latreille 1825
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Unr. Atelostomata von Zittel 1879
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Fm. †Disasteridae Gras 1848
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G. †Acrolusia
G. †Cardiolampas
G. †Collyropsis
G. †Corthya
G. †Dialyaster
G. †Disaster
Subfm. †Disasterinae Gras 1848
G. †Oustechinus Lambert 1931
Subfm. †Pygorhytinae Lambert 1909
Or. Holasteroida Durham and Melville 1957
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Fm. Calymnidae Mortensen 1907
G. †Coraster
G. †Corechinus
G. †Coryslus
G. †Eoholaster Solovjev 1989
G. †Menuthiaster
Subor. †Meridosternata Lovèn 1883
G. †Physaster Pomel 1883
G. †Pomaster
G. †Pseudholaster Pomel 1883
G. †Smithiaster Barras 2007
Fm. †Stenonasteridae Lambert 1922
G. †Turanglaster
Invalid names: Hemipneustidae Lambert 1917 [empty], Pseudholasteridae Smith and Jeffery 2000 [empty]
Or. Spatangoida Agassiz 1840 [heart urchin]
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G. †Allotoxaster
G. †Amoraster
G. †Apoxypetalum
G. Archaeopneustes Gregory 1892
G. †Barnumia Cooke 1953
Subor. Brissidina Stockley et al. 2005
G. †Brissoides Klein 1778
G. †Cagaster
G. †Cestobrissus
G. †Cottreaucorys
Fm. †Echinocoridae Lambert 1917
G. †Enichaster
G. †Gonzalezaster
Fm. Hemiasteridae Clark 1917
Subor. Hemiasterina Fischer 1966
G. †Homoeopetalus
G. Hypselaster Clark 1917
G. †Kertaster
G. †Leymeriaster Lambert and Thiéry 1924
Subor. Micrasterina Fischer 1966
G. †Mundaster
G. †Murraypneustes Holmes et al. 2005
G. †Neoproraster
G. †Niponaster Lambert 1920
G. †Nudobrissus
G. †Orthaster
Subor. Paleopneustina Agassiz 1904
G. †Paraheteraster
G. †Peraspatangus
G. †Peroniaster Gauthier 1887
G. †Pictaviechinus
G. †Pliotoxaster Fourtau 1906
G. †Pseudogibbaster
G. †Pseudolinthia
G. †Pusillaster
G. †Royasendia
G. †Somalechinus
Fm. †Somaliasteridae Wagner and Durham 1966
G. Spatagobrissus Clark 1923
G. †Tessieria
Fm. †Toxasteridae Lambert 1920
G. †Wuarnia
Invalid names: Asterostomatina Fischer 1966 [empty], Palaeostomidae Lovèn 1868 [empty], Toxasterina Fischer 1966 [empty]
Invalid names: Acrolusiidae Mintz 1968 [empty], Asternata [empty], Pycnasterides Pomel 1869 [empty], Sternata [empty]
Or. Echinoneoida Clark 1925
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G. †Cluniaster
Superfm. †Conulidea Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. †Conulidae Lambert 1911
Invalid names: Galeritidae Gray 1825 [empty], Neoglobatoridae Endelman 1980 [empty]
Fm. Echinoneidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
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G. †Amblypygus Agassiz 1840
G. †Paleoechinoneus Grant and Hertlein 1938
G. †Pygoyrina Pomel 1883
G. †Pyrina Desmoulins
G. †Rhopostoma Cooke 1959
G. †Mattsechinus
Or. Holectypoida Duncan 1889
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Fm. †Discoididae Lambert 1900
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G. †Camerogalerus
G. †Discoides Parkinson 1811
G. †Dixonia
G. †Lanieria Duncan 1889
G. †Duperieria
G. †Echinogalerus
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†Echinogalerus bueltenensis Schluter 1902
†Echinogalerus gehrdensis Roemer 1841
†Echinogalerus goslariensis Schluter 1902
†Echinogalerus raingeardi Tessier and Roman 1973
Invalid names: Caratomus Desor 1842 [synonym]
G. †Galerites Lamarck 1801
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†Galerites oregonensis Dana 1849
Invalid names: Adelopneustes Gauthier 1889 [synonym], Echinoconus d'Orbigny 1854 [synonym]
Fm. †Holectypidae Lambert 1900
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G. †Coenholectypus Pomel 1883
G. †Coptodiscus
G. †Discholectypus Pomel 1883
G. †Holectypus
G. †Metholectypus Hawkins 1923
G. †Neoglobator
Invalid names: Coenholectypidae Smith and Wright 1999 [empty], Conoclypina Haeckel 1896 [empty], Holectypina [empty]
Unr. Microstomata Smith 1984
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Fm. †Desorellidae Lambert 1911
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G. †Desorella Cotteau 1855
G. †Infraclypeus
G. †Menopygus Pomel 1883
Unr. Neognathostomata Smith 1981
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Fm. Apatopygidae Kier 1962
Fm. †Archiaciidae Cotteau and Triger 1869
Or. Cassiduloida Agassiz and Desor 1847
Or. Clypeasteroida Agassiz 1836 [sand dollar]
Fm. †Clypeidae Lambert 1898
Fm. †Clypeolampadidae Kier 1962
Or. Echinolampadoida Kroh and Smith 2010
Fm. †Nucleolitidae Agassiz and Desor 1847
Invalid names: Pygaulidae Lambert 1905 [empty]
Fm. †Orthopsidae Duncan 1889
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G. †Brochechinus
G. †Dubarechinus
G. †Gymnodiadema
G. †Orthocidaris
G. †Orthopsis Cotteau 1864
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†Orthopsis miliaris d'Archiac 1835
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Invalid names: Cottaldia australis White 1887 [synonym], Diadema granulare Agassiz 1846 [synonym], Diadema kleinii Desmoulins 1837 [synonym], Diadema polystigma Agassiz 1840 [synonym], Hemipedina charltoni Cragin 1894 [synonym], Orthopsis morgani Cotteau and Gauthier 1895 [synonym], Orthopsis planulata Clark and Twitchell 1915 [synonym], Orthopsis sanfilippoi Checchia-Rispoli 1933 [synonym], Pseudodiadema grangeri Maury 1936 [synonym]
†Orthopsis occidentalis Cragin 1893
G. †Scaptodiadema
Fm. †Pseudodiadematidae Pomel 1883
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G. †Acrocidaris
G. †Heterodiadema Cotteau 1864
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†Heterodiadema buhaysensis Smith 1995
†Heterodiadema libycum Agassiz and Desor 1846
†Heterodiadema ornatum Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Hypodiadema Desor 1858
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†Hypodiadema balsami Stoppani 1865
†Hypodiadema elegans Clark and Twitchell 1915
G. †Loriolia
G. †Microdiadema
G. †Polydiadema
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†Polydiadema joaquinensis Grant and Hertlein 1938
Invalid names: Girardema Vadet 1993 [synonym]
G. †Tiaromma
Or. Diadematoida Duncan 1889
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G. †Ancylocidaris
Fm. Diadematidae Gray 1855
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G. Diadema
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†Diadema depressum Agassiz 1846
†Diadema pseudodiadema Lamarck 1816
†Diadema subangulare Goldfuss 1826
G. †Eodiadema
G. †Mesodiadema Neumayr 1889
G. †Palaeodiadema
G. †Pedinothuria
G. †Endeodiadema
G. †Engelia
G. †Helodiadema
G. †Heteropedina
G. †Macrodiadema
Invalid names: Diadematoina Duncan 1889 [empty]
Or. Micropygoida Kroh and Smith 2010
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Fm. †Nicolleaumatidae Vadet 1999
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G. †Nicolleauma Vadet 1999
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†Nicolleauma chartroni Lambert 1904
†Nicolleauma collenoti Cotteau 1882
†Nicolleauma lacostei Lambert 1933
†Nicolleauma minutum Buckman 1845
Or. Pedinoida Mortensen 1939
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G. †Farquharsonia
G. †Leptocidaris
Fm. Pedinidae Pomel 1883
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G. Caenopedina Agassiz 1869
G. †Diademopsis
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†Diademopsis bonei Wright 1855
†Diademopsis davidsoni Wright 1855
†Diademopsis desori Stoppani 1865
†Diademopsis heberti Agassiz and Desor 1847
†Diademopsis microgramma Wright 1858
†Diademopsis serialis Agassiz 1838
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Invalid names: Hemipedina bechei Wright 1855 [synonym], Hemipedina bowerbankii Wright 1855 [synonym], Hemipedina tomesii Wright 1861 [synonym]
G. †Dumblea Cragin 1893
G. †Hemipedina
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†Hemipedina beaugrandi Rigaux 1882
†Hemipedina etheridgii Wright 1854
†Hemipedina ferryi Cotteau 1860
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Invalid names: Hemipedina chalmasi Cotteau 1883 [synonym], Hemipedina perforata pisolitica Paris 1908 [synonym]
†Hemipedina hudsoni Kier 1977
†Hemipedina incipiens Bather 1909
†Hemipedina jardinii Wright 1855
†Hemipedina perforata Wright 1851
†Hemipedina taylori Smith and Crame 2012
†Hemipedina tuberculosa Wright 1855
†Hemipedina woodwardii Wright 1855
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Invalid names: Hemipedina bathonica Cotteau 1882 [synonym], Hemipedina icaunensis Cotteau 1883 [synonym]
G. †Leiopedina
G. †Loriolipedina
G. †Palaeopedina
G. †Pedina
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†Pedina granulosa Agassiz 1847
†Pedina rotata Agassiz 1840
†Pedina salteri de Loriol 1871
Invalid names: Atlasaster [synonym], Hectopedina Thiery 1928 [synonym], Megapedina Lambert and Thiery 1910 [synonym]
G. †Phalacropedina
G. †Phymopedina
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Invalid names: Hemipedina cunningtoni Wright 1855 [nomen dubium], Hemipedina morrisii Wright 1855 [nomen dubium]
G. †Stenechinus
Fm. †Pedinopsidae El Qot et al. 2016
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Invalid names: Orthopsida Mortensen 1942 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available