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Geochelone

Reptilia - Testudines - Testudinidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1835Geochelone Fitzinger
1835Geochelone (Geochelone) Fitzinger
1873Testudo (Asterochelys) Gray
1957Geochelone (Asterochelys) Loveridge and Williams
1964Geochelone Estes and Tihen p. 464
1971Geochelone Auffenberg p. 116
1977Geochelone Antunes and de Broin
1981Geochelone Auffenberg p. 510
1981Geochelone Holman and Sullivan p. 140
1982Geochelone Crumly p. 215
1985Geochelone Holman
1986Geochelone Meylan and Auffenberg p. 280
1987Geochelone Holman and Tokaryk
1988Geochelone Carroll
1989Geochelone Swingland and Klemens p. 124
1995Geochelone Parris and Daeschler p. 567
1996Geochelone Frank and Ramus
2001Geochelone Zug p. 214
2008Geochelone Burney et al. p. 19
2008Geochelone Böhme p. 168
2010Geochelone Sanchez-Villagra and Scheyer
2014Geochelone de la Fuente et al.
2014Geochelone van Dijk et al.
2018Geochelone Vlachos and Rabi p. 663

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Life
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
Testudinata(Oppel 1811)
orderTestudinesBatsch 1788
suborderCryptodira
Pantestudinoidea
superfamilyTestudinoidea
familyTestudinidaeBatsch 1788
subfamilyTestudininae
genusGeocheloneFitzinger 1835

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Geochelone Fitzinger 1835
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Subg. Geochelone (Chelonoidis) Fitzinger 1835
Geochelone carbonaria Spix 1824 [red-footed tortoise]
Geochelone chilensis Gray 1870 [Chaco tortoise]
Geochelone costaricensis Segura 1944
Geochelone demissa Gilmore 1931
Geochelone elegans Schoepff 1794 [Indian star tortoise]
Geochelone elephantopus Harlan 1827 [Galapagos giant tortoise]
Geochelone gigantea Schweigger 1812 [Aldabra tortoise]
Geochelone kalganensis Gilmore 1931
Geochelone laetoliensis Meylan and Auffenberg 1987
Geochelone nigra Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Galapagos tortoise]
Geochelone oskarkuhni Mlynarski 1969
Geochelone pardalis Bell 1828 [Leopard tortoise]
Geochelone platynota Blyth 1863 [Burmese star tortoise]
Geochelone radiata Shaw 1802 [Radiated tortoise]
Geochelone stromeri Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
Geochelone sulcata Miller 1779 [African spurred tortoise]
Geochelone travancorica Boulenger 1907
Geochelone yniphora Vaillant 1885 [angonoka]
Invalid names: Geochelone (Asterochelys) Gray 1873 [invalid subgroup], Geochelone (Geochelone) Fitzinger 1835 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: herbivoref
Diet 2: herbivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Created: 2005-08-26 07:16:55
Modified: 2005-09-09 16:16:46
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ernst and Barbour 1989

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (159 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Tertiary66.0 - 2.588China (Hubei) Testudo kalganensis (192670)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3Canada (Northwest Territories) G. sp. (15583)
Lutetian47.8 - 41.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) G. eocaenica (13322 44999 45000 45002)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Mongolia Testudo demissa (73781)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Portugal (Coímbra) G. sp. (182272)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9Portugal (Tondela) G. sp. (184491)
MP 2133.9 - 28.4Czech Republic G. sp. (91467)
Whitneyan - late Early Arikareean33.3 - 20.43USA (California) G. sp. (17527)
MP 3028.4 - 23.03Germany (Bavaria) G. sp. (84364)
Monroecreekian26.3 - 24.8Canada (Saskatchewan) G. sp. (17526)
Harrisonian24.8 - 20.43USA (Texas) G. sp. (17768)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44USA (Texas) G. sp. (18663)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Germany G. sp. (70338 70362)
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) G. perpiniana (93328)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa G. stromeri (22232)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97USA (Delaware) G. sp. (18579)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Baden-Württemberg) G. sp. (49102 69098 70359)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Saudi Arabia G. sp. (47023 47069 47074)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Spain (Toledo) G. sp. (40721)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Germany (Bavaria) G. sp. (134954)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) G. sp. (175727)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6USA (Nebraska) Geochelone indet. (18089 18206 18208 18248 18250 18343) G. sp. (18275 27481 27507)
Barstovian15.97 - 13.6Canada (Saskatchewan) G. sp. (18759 18761 18797 187956)
Early/Lower Barstovian15.97 - 13.6USA (Texas) G. sp. (18665)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Nepal Geochelone indet. (48680 48711)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Germany G. sp. (194686 194687)
Laventan13.8 - 11.8Colombia (Huila) G. sp. (187115)
Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Kansas) G. sp. (18450)
Late/Upper Clarendonian13.6 - 10.3USA (Florida) G. sp. (18554)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Tunisia G. sp. (65170)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Geochelone indet. (22241)
Vallesian11.608 - 8.7Iraq G. sp. (41735)
Late/Upper Miocene - Tortonian11.608 - 7.246France (Var) G. sp. (181098)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) G. sulcata (28254 28259 28265 28271 28278)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) G. leberonensis (181658)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Kansas) G. sp. (18046)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) G. sp. (19402 19406 19408 19446)
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Nebraska) G. sp. (18126 18359)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Libya G. sp. (52580)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Geochelone indet. (22242)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588Kenya (Turkana District) G. sp. (21332)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) G. sp. (21335)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya G. sp. (22234)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) G. sp. (52582)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Mexico (Baja California) G. sp. (57981)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588France (Pyrénées-Orientales) G. perpiniana (181093)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) G. laetoliensis (32050)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Mongolia G. oskarkuhni (128693)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Geochelone indet. (22235)
Zanclean - Calabrian5.333 - 0.781Kenya G. sp. (21369 21531)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) G. sp. (19753 19764)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Morocco G. sp. (32054)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Indonesia (Sulawesi) G. sp. (93543 93546 93623 93629 93632)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad G. sp. (21962 22505 22506)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Kenya G. sp. (21538)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Tanzania G. laetoliensis (21795 21798 21799 21801 21831)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781Indonesia (Sulawesi) G. sp. (93525)
Piacenzian - Calabrian3.6 - 0.781Kenya G. sp. (21490)
Piacenzian - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117Kenya G. sp. (22238)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania G. pardalis (22593)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya G. sp. (21446 21451 21497)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Indonesia (Flores) G. sp. (93660)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.781Kenya G. sp. (21377 21442 21453 21456 21466 21495 21499 21500 21513 21522)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.781Tanzania G. pardalis (144173)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.126El Salvador G. sp. (20152)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Cuba (Habana) G. sp. (13265)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Brazil (Sergipe) G. sp. (187597)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Saudi Arabia G. sulcata (48858)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Djibouti G. sp. (22487)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) G. sp. (65405)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Netherlands Antilles (Curacao) G. sp. (192111 192112)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Tanzania (Serengeti Park) G. pardalis (22548)
Calabrian1.806 - 0.781Kenya G. sp. (21414 21524 21526 21534)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) G. sp. (20318 20337)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Oklahoma) G. sp. (20484)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (California) G. sp. (20178 20182 20188)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Kansas) G. sp. (20167 20352)
Middle Pleistocene (glacial)0.781 - 0.126USA (Florida) G. sp. (75974)
Middle Pleistocene (interglacial)0.781 - 0.126USA (Mississippi) G. sp., G. crassicutata (164395)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117Ecuador (Manabi) G. sp. (67633)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Anguilla G. carbonaria (190746)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Texas) G. sp. (145380)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) G. sp. (164396)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117USA (Florida) G. sp. (74294 154936)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Bahamas (Andros Island) G. sp. (190730)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.126 - 0.0117USA (Mississippi) G. sp. (164397)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Haiti (Navassa) G. sp. (190731)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117El Salvador G. sp. (190752)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Bahamas (New Providence Island) G. sp. (144649)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Ecuador (Galapagos) G. elephantopus (190844 190845 190846 190847)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Thailand (Lopburi) G. sp. (201933)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar (Toliara) G. radiata (92732 92733)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan G. sulcata (21902 21958)