Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Geochelone
Taxonomy
Geochelone was named by Fitzinger (1835). It is extant. It is the type genus of Geocheloninae. It was considered polyphyletic by Meylan and Auffenberg (1986).
It was assigned to Geochelonini by Swingland and Klemens (1989); to Testudinidae by Auffenberg (1971), Antunes and de Broin (1977), Auffenberg (1981), Holman and Sullivan (1981), Crumly (1982), Meylan and Auffenberg (1986), Holman and Tokaryk (1987), Carroll (1988), Parris and Daeschler (1995), Frank and Ramus (1996), Zug (2001), Burney et al. (2008), Böhme (2008), Sanchez-Villagra and Scheyer (2010), de la Fuente et al. (2014) and van Dijk et al. (2014); and to Testudininae by Estes and Tihen (1964), Holman (1985) and Vlachos and Rabi (2018).
It was assigned to Geochelonini by Swingland and Klemens (1989); to Testudinidae by Auffenberg (1971), Antunes and de Broin (1977), Auffenberg (1981), Holman and Sullivan (1981), Crumly (1982), Meylan and Auffenberg (1986), Holman and Tokaryk (1987), Carroll (1988), Parris and Daeschler (1995), Frank and Ramus (1996), Zug (2001), Burney et al. (2008), Böhme (2008), Sanchez-Villagra and Scheyer (2010), de la Fuente et al. (2014) and van Dijk et al. (2014); and to Testudininae by Estes and Tihen (1964), Holman (1985) and Vlachos and Rabi (2018).
Species
G. (Asterochelys), G. (Chelonoidis), G. (Geochelone), G. carbonaria, G. chilensis, G. costaricensis, G. demissa, G. elegans, G. elephantopus, G. gigantea, G. kalganensis, G. laetoliensis, G. nigra, G. oskarkuhni, G. pardalis, G. platynota, G. radiata, G. stromeri, G. sulcata, G. travancorica, G. yniphora
Species lacking formal opinion data
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1835 | Geochelone Fitzinger |
1835 | Geochelone (Geochelone) Fitzinger |
1873 | Testudo (Asterochelys) Gray |
1957 | Geochelone (Asterochelys) Loveridge and Williams |
1964 | Geochelone Estes and Tihen p. 464 |
1971 | Geochelone Auffenberg p. 116 |
1977 | Geochelone Antunes and de Broin |
1981 | Geochelone Auffenberg p. 510 |
1981 | Geochelone Holman and Sullivan p. 140 |
1982 | Geochelone Crumly p. 215 |
1985 | Geochelone Holman |
1986 | Geochelone Meylan and Auffenberg p. 280 |
1987 | Geochelone Holman and Tokaryk |
1988 | Geochelone Carroll |
1989 | Geochelone Swingland and Klemens p. 124 |
1995 | Geochelone Parris and Daeschler p. 567 |
1996 | Geochelone Frank and Ramus |
2001 | Geochelone Zug p. 214 |
2008 | Geochelone Burney et al. p. 19 |
2008 | Geochelone Böhme p. 168 |
2010 | Geochelone Sanchez-Villagra and Scheyer |
2014 | Geochelone de la Fuente et al. |
2014 | Geochelone van Dijk et al. |
2018 | Geochelone Vlachos and Rabi p. 663 |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Geochelone Fitzinger 1835
show all | hide all
Subg. Geochelone (Chelonoidis) Fitzinger 1835
Geochelone carbonaria Spix 1824 [red-footed tortoise]
Geochelone chilensis Gray 1870 [Chaco tortoise]
†Geochelone costaricensis Segura 1944
†Geochelone demissa Gilmore 1931
Geochelone elegans Schoepff 1794 [Indian star tortoise]
Geochelone elephantopus Harlan 1827 [Galapagos giant tortoise]
Geochelone gigantea Schweigger 1812 [Aldabra tortoise]
†Geochelone kalganensis Gilmore 1931
†Geochelone laetoliensis Meylan and Auffenberg 1987
Geochelone nigra Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Galapagos tortoise]
†Geochelone oskarkuhni Mlynarski 1969
Geochelone pardalis Bell 1828 [Leopard tortoise]
Geochelone platynota Blyth 1863 [Burmese star tortoise]
Geochelone radiata Shaw 1802 [Radiated tortoise]
†Geochelone stromeri Meylan and Auffenberg 1986
Geochelone sulcata Miller 1779 [African spurred tortoise]
Geochelone travancorica Boulenger 1907
Geochelone yniphora Vaillant 1885 [angonoka]
Invalid names: Geochelone (Asterochelys) Gray 1873 [invalid subgroup], Geochelone (Geochelone) Fitzinger 1835 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|
||||
|
|||||
|
|
||||
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ernst and Barbour 1989 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma
Collections (159 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Tertiary | China (Hubei) | Testudo kalganensis (192670) | |
Wasatchian | Canada (Northwest Territories) | G. sp. (15583) | |
Lutetian | Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) | G. eocaenica (13322 44999 45000 45002) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Mongolia | Testudo demissa (73781) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Portugal (Coímbra) | G. sp. (182272) | |
Late/Upper Eocene | Portugal (Tondela) | G. sp. (184491) | |
MP 21 | Czech Republic | G. sp. (91467) | |
Whitneyan - late Early Arikareean | USA (California) | G. sp. (17527) | |
MP 30 | Germany (Bavaria) | G. sp. (84364) | |
Monroecreekian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | G. sp. (17526) | |
Harrisonian | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (17768) | |
Aquitanian | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (18663) | |
Early/Lower Miocene | Germany | G. sp. (70338 70362) | |
Miocene | France (Vaucluse) | G. perpiniana (93328) | |
Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | G. stromeri (22232) | |
Burdigalian | USA (Delaware) | G. sp. (18579) | |
Burdigalian | Germany (Baden-Württemberg) | G. sp. (49102 69098 70359) | |
Burdigalian | Saudi Arabia | G. sp. (47023 47069 47074) | |
Burdigalian | Spain (Toledo) | G. sp. (40721) | |
Langhian | Germany (Bavaria) | G. sp. (134954) | |
MN 5 | Germany (Baden-Wurttemberg) | G. sp. (175727) | |
Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Geochelone indet. (18089 18206 18208 18248 18250 18343) G. sp. (18275 27481 27507) | |
Barstovian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | G. sp. (18759 18761 18797 187956) | |
Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (18665) | |
Middle Miocene | Nepal | Geochelone indet. (48680 48711) | |
Middle Miocene | Germany | G. sp. (194686 194687) | |
Laventan | Colombia (Huila) | G. sp. (187115) | |
Clarendonian | USA (Kansas) | G. sp. (18450) | |
Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (18554) | |
Tortonian | Tunisia | G. sp. (65170) | |
Tortonian - Messinian | Kenya | Geochelone indet. (22241) | |
Vallesian | Iraq | G. sp. (41735) | |
Late/Upper Miocene - Tortonian | France (Var) | G. sp. (181098) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi) | G. sulcata (28254 28259 28265 28271 28278) | |
Late/Upper Miocene | France (Vaucluse) | G. leberonensis (181658) | |
Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | G. sp. (18046) | |
Hemphillian | USA (California) | G. sp. (19402 19406 19408 19446) | |
Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | G. sp. (18126 18359) | |
Messinian | Libya | G. sp. (52580) | |
Messinian - Zanclean | Kenya | Geochelone indet. (22242) | |
Messinian - Piacenzian | Kenya (Turkana District) | G. sp. (21332) | |
Zanclean | Kenya (Turkana District) | G. sp. (21335) | |
Zanclean | Kenya | G. sp. (22234) | |
Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | G. sp. (52582) | |
Pliocene | Mexico (Baja California) | G. sp. (57981) | |
Pliocene | France (Pyrénées-Orientales) | G. perpiniana (181093) | |
Pliocene | Tanzania (Eastern Drift Valley) | G. laetoliensis (32050) | |
Pliocene | Mongolia | G. oskarkuhni (128693) | |
Zanclean - Piacenzian | Kenya | Geochelone indet. (22235) | |
Zanclean - Calabrian | Kenya | G. sp. (21369 21531) | |
Blancan | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (19753 19764) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Morocco | G. sp. (32054) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | G. sp. (93543 93546 93623 93629 93632) | |
Piacenzian | Chad | G. sp. (21962 22505 22506) | |
Piacenzian | Kenya | G. sp. (21538) | |
Piacenzian | Tanzania | G. laetoliensis (21795 21798 21799 21801 21831) | |
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia (Sulawesi) | G. sp. (93525) | |
Piacenzian - Calabrian | Kenya | G. sp. (21490) | |
Piacenzian - Pleistocene | Kenya | G. sp. (22238) | |
Gelasian | Tanzania | G. pardalis (22593) | |
Gelasian | Kenya | G. sp. (21446 21451 21497) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene | Indonesia (Flores) | G. sp. (93660) | |
Gelasian - Calabrian | Kenya | G. sp. (21377 21442 21453 21456 21466 21495 21499 21500 21513 21522) | |
Gelasian - Calabrian | Tanzania | G. pardalis (144173) | |
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene | El Salvador | G. sp. (20152) | |
Pleistocene | Cuba (Habana) | G. sp. (13265) | |
Pleistocene | Brazil (Sergipe) | G. sp. (187597) | |
Pleistocene | Saudi Arabia | G. sulcata (48858) | |
Pleistocene | Djibouti | G. sp. (22487) | |
Pleistocene | USA (South Carolina) | G. sp. (65405) | |
Pleistocene | Netherlands Antilles (Curacao) | G. sp. (192111 192112) | |
Pleistocene - Holocene | Tanzania (Serengeti Park) | G. pardalis (22548) | |
Calabrian | Kenya | G. sp. (21414 21524 21526 21534) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (20318 20337) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Oklahoma) | G. sp. (20484) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (California) | G. sp. (20178 20182 20188) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | G. sp. (20167 20352) | |
Middle Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (75974) | |
Middle Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Mississippi) | G. sp., G. crassicutata (164395) | |
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene | Ecuador (Manabi) | G. sp. (67633) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Anguilla | G. carbonaria (190746) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | G. sp. (145380) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Mississippi) | G. sp. (164396) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | G. sp. (74294 154936) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Bahamas (Andros Island) | G. sp. (190730) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Mississippi) | G. sp. (164397) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | Haiti (Navassa) | G. sp. (190731) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | El Salvador | G. sp. (190752) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | Bahamas (New Providence Island) | G. sp. (144649) | |
Holocene | Ecuador (Galapagos) | G. elephantopus (190844 190845 190846 190847) | |
Holocene | Thailand (Lopburi) | G. sp. (201933) | |
Holocene | Madagascar (Toliara) | G. radiata (92732 92733) | |
Holocene | Sudan | G. sulcata (21902 21958) |