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Champsosaurus
Taxonomy
Champsosaurus was named by Cope (1876). It is not extant. Its type is Champsosaurus profundus. It is the type genus of Champsosauridae.
It was assigned to Rhynchocephalia by Baur (1887); to Choristodera by Cope (1876), Brown (1905) and Russell (1956); to Champsosauridae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Erickson (1972), Estes (1976), Erickson (1981), Carroll (1988), Evans (1990), Evans (1991), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Gao and Fox (1998), Peng et al. (2001) and Gao and Fox (2005); and to Neochoristodera by Matsumoto et al. (2007), Matsumoto and Evans (2010), Matsumoto et al. (2013) and Matsumoto et al. (2019).
It was assigned to Rhynchocephalia by Baur (1887); to Choristodera by Cope (1876), Brown (1905) and Russell (1956); to Champsosauridae by Hay (1902), Hay (1930), Estes (1964), Estes and Berberian (1970), Erickson (1972), Estes (1976), Erickson (1981), Carroll (1988), Evans (1990), Evans (1991), Cvancara and Hoganson (1993), Gao and Fox (1998), Peng et al. (2001) and Gao and Fox (2005); and to Neochoristodera by Matsumoto et al. (2007), Matsumoto and Evans (2010), Matsumoto et al. (2013) and Matsumoto et al. (2019).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1876 | Champsosaurus Cope pp. 348-350 |
1876 | Champsosaurus profundus Cope pp. 350-351 |
1876 | Champsosaurus annectens Cope pp. 351-352 |
1876 | Champsosaurus brevicollis Cope pp. 352-353 |
1876 | Champsosaurus vaccinsulensis Cope p. 353 |
1881 | Champsosaurus australis Cope |
1882 | Champsosaurus saponensis Cope |
1882 | Champsosaurus puercensis Cope p. 195 |
1882 | Champsosaurus saponensis Cope p. 196 |
1887 | Champsosaurus Baur p. 100 |
1902 | Champsosaurus Hay p. 460 |
1902 | Champsosaurus annectens Hay p. 460 |
1902 | Champsosaurus australis Hay p. 461 |
1902 | Champsosaurus brevicollis Hay p. 461 |
1902 | Champsosaurus profundus Hay p. 461 |
1902 | Champsosaurus puercensis Hay p. 461 |
1902 | Champsosaurus saponensis Hay p. 461 |
1902 | Champsosaurus vaccinsulensis Hay p. 461 |
1902 | Champsosaurus annectens Lambe p. 45 |
1905 | Champsosaurus Brown |
1930 | Plesiosaurus vaccinsulensis Hay p. 116 |
1930 | Champsosaurus Hay p. 132 |
1930 | Champsosaurus annectens Hay p. 133 |
1930 | Champsosaurus australis Hay p. 133 |
1930 | Champsosaurus brevicollis Hay p. 133 |
1930 | Champsosaurus profundus Hay p. 133 |
1930 | Champsosaurus puercensis Hay p. 133 |
1930 | Champsosaurus saponensis Hay p. 133 |
1933 | Champsosaurus inflatus Parks p. 131 |
1933 | Champsosaurus inelegans Parks p. 135 |
1956 | Champsosaurus Russell p. 4 |
1964 | Champsosaurus Estes p. 99 |
1970 | Champsosaurus Estes and Berberian p. 4 |
1972 | Champsosaurus Erickson p. 8 |
1976 | Champsosaurus Estes p. 507 |
1981 | Champsosaurus Erickson |
1988 | Champsosaurus Carroll |
1990 | Champsosaurus Evans |
1991 | Champsosaurus Evans |
1993 | Champsosaurus Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15 |
1993 | Champsosaurus profundus Cvancara and Hoganson p. 15 |
1998 | Champsosaurus Gao and Fox p. 315 |
2001 | Champsosaurus Peng et al. p. 32 |
2005 | Champsosaurus Gao and Fox p. 439 |
2007 | Champsosaurus Matsumoto et al. p. 342 |
2010 | Champsosaurus Matsumoto and Evans |
2013 | Champsosaurus Matsumoto et al. |
2019 | Champsosaurus Matsumoto et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Champsosaurus Cope 1876
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†Champsosaurus albertensis Parks 1927
†Champsosaurus ambulator Brown 1905
†Champsosaurus gigas Erickson 1972
†Champsosaurus laramiensis Brown 1905
†Champsosaurus lindoei Gao and Fox 1998
†Champsosaurus natator Parks 1933
†Champsosaurus norelli Brownstein 2022
†Champsosaurus tenuis Erickson 1981
Invalid names: Champsosaurus annectens Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus australis Cope 1881 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus brevicollis Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus inelegans Parks 1933 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus inflatus Parks 1933 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus profundus Cope 1876 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus puercensis Cope 1882 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus saponensis Cope 1882 [nomen vanum], Champsosaurus vaccinsulensis Cope 1876 [nomen vanum]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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K. -Q. Gao and R. C. Fox 1998 | Champsosaurus can be diagnosed by a suite of derived character states as follows: great elongation of snouth, exceeding 1/2 of skull length; interorbital width narrower than diameter of orbit; lacrimal strongly reduced to small triangle; postorbital excluded from formation of orbit; premaxilla/vomer contact lost; internarial present; choanae in posterior portion, in correspondence with elongation of vomer; interpterygoid foramen small, enclosed both anteriorly and posteriorly by pterygoids and located near posterior border of suborbital fenestra; suborbital fenestra shortened and kidney-shaped pterygoid/parasphenoid articulation fused; craniomandibular joint anterior to level of occipital condyle; neomorph forming most of ventral border of posttemporal fenestra; paraoccipital process strongly deflected ventrally; basal tubera of basisphenoid expanded posteroventrally and wing-like; elongation of mandibular symphysis to over 1/2 of length of tooth row; splenial strongly intervening in mandibular symphysis. |