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Sphenodontidae

Reptilia - Sphenodontidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1864Hatteriidae Cope
1871Sphenodontidae Cope
1875Sphenodontidae Cope p. 15
1890Sphenodontidae Zittel p. 589
1892Sphenodontidae Lortet p. 67
1893Hatteriidae Boulenger p. 210
1930Sphenodontidae Hay p. 134
1946Sphenodontidae Kuhn p. 62
1954Sphenodontidae Haughton and Brink p. 4
1966Sphenodontidae Kuhn p. 37
1971Sphenodontidae Kuhn p. 10
1985Sphenodontidae Benton p. 157
1988Sphenodontidae Carroll
1989Sphenodontidae Murry p. 273
1991Sphenodontidae Barbera and Macuglia p. 421
1996Sphenodontidae Frank and Ramus
1996Sphenodontidae Reynoso
1997Sphenodontidae Reynoso
2000Sphenodontidae Reynoso
2003Sphenodontidae Simon and Kellner p. 1
2003Sphenodontidae Worthy and Grant-Mackie p. 442
2004Sphenodontidae Martinelli and Forasiepi p. 260
2005Sphenodontidae Apesteguía
2012Sphenodontidae Apesteguia et al.
2018Sphenodontidae Herrera-Flores et al.
2020Sphenodontidae Skinner et al.
2021Sphenodontidae Villa et al.
2023Sphenodontidae Agnolín et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Eosuchia()
—Neodiapsida
—SauriaGauthier 1984
—Lepidosauromorpha(Benton 1983)
superorderLepidosauria()
familySphenodontidaeCope 1871
familySphenodontidaeCope 1871

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Sphenodontidae Cope 1871
show all | hide all
G. †Ankylosphenodon Reynoso 2000
+
Subfm. †Brachyrhinodontinae Huene 1948
+
Invalid names: Palacrodontinae Haughton 1924 [synonym]
G. †Cynosphenodon Reynoso 1996
+
G. †Derasmosaurus Barbera and Macuglia 1988
+
†Derasmosaurus pietrarojae Barbera and Macuglia 1988
G. †Elachistosuchus Janensch 1949
+
†Elachistosuchus huenei Janensch 1949
G. †Glevosaurus Swinton 1939
G. †Leptosaurus Fitzinger 1837
+
†Leptosaurus neptunius Goldfuss 1831
†Leptosaurus pulchellus Zittel 1887
G. †Oenosaurus Rauhut et al. 2012
+
†Oenosaurus muehlheimensis Rauhut et al. 2012
Unr. †Opisthodontia Apesteguía and Novas 2003
+
G. †Alamitosphenos Agnolín et al. 2023
+
†Alamitosphenos mineri Agnolín et al. 2023
Subfm. †Eilenodontinae Rasmussen and Callison 1981
+
G. †Eilenodon Rasmussen and Callison 1981
+
†Eilenodon robustus Rasmussen and Callison 1981
G. †Kaikaifilusaurus Simon and Kellner 2003
+
†Kaikaifilusaurus calvoi Simon and Kellner 2003
+
Invalid names: Priosphenodon avelasi Apesteguía and Novas 2003 [synonym]
†Kaikaifilusaurus minimus Apesteguia and Carballido 2014
G. †Patagosphenos Gentil et al. 2019
+
†Patagosphenos wataku Gentil et al. 2019
G. †Toxolophosaurus Olson 1960
+
†Toxolophosaurus cloudi Olson 1960
G. †Fraserosphenodon Herrera-Flores et al. 2018
+
G. †Kawasphenodon Apesteguía 2005
+
†Kawasphenodon expectatus Apesteguía 2005
†Kawasphenodon peligrensis Apesteguía et al. 2014
G. †Priosphenodon Apesteguía and Novas 2003
G. †Sphenotitan Martinez et al. 2013
+
†Sphenotitan leyesi Martinez et al. 2013
G. †Trullidens Kligman et al. 2021
+
†Trullidens purgatorii Kligman et al. 2021
G. †Paleollanosaurus Heckert 2004
+
†Paleollanosaurus fraseri Heckert 2004
G. †Piocormus Wagner 1852
+
†Piocormus laticeps Wagner 1852
G. †Scharschengia Huene 1940
+
G. †Sigmala Fraser 1986
+
†Sigmala sigmala Fraser 1986
G. †Simila
G. Sphenodon Gray 1831
+
Sphenodon guentheri Gunther 1867 [Brother island tuatara]
Sphenodon punctata Gray 1842 [tuatara]
Subfm. Sphenodontinae Cope 1871
+
G. †Navajosphenodon Simões et al. 2022
+
†Navajosphenodon sani Simões et al. 2022
G. †Sphenofontis Villa et al. 2021
+
†Sphenofontis velserae Villa et al. 2021
G. †Tika Apesteguía et al. 2021
+
†Tika giacchinoi Apesteguía et al. 2021
G. †Sphenovipera Reynoso 2005
+
†Sphenovipera jimmysjoyi Reynoso 2005
G. †Theretairus Simpson 1926
+
†Theretairus antiquus Simpson 1926
G. †Zapatadon Reynoso and Clark 1998
+
†Zapatadon ejidoensis Reynoso and Clark 1998
Invalid names: Hatteriidae Cope 1864 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Created: 2017-04-17 15:16:03
Modified: 2017-04-17 15:16:03
Source: subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Spathian to the top of the Holocene or 251.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 247.2 Ma

Collections (93 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Russian Federation (Orenburg) Scharschengia sp. (196059)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0USA (Texas) Sphenodontidae indet. (84271)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0United Kingdom (England) Clevosaurus latidens, Sigmala sigmala (13182) Sigmala sigmala (13174 13177 13183) Sigmala sp. (13175 13176 13178 13179 13180 13181)
Carnian237.0 - 228.0India (Madhya Pradesh) Sphenodontidae indet. (207798)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (North Carolina) Sphenodontia indet. (99541)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Arizona) Reptilia indet. (84263) Sphenodontidae indet. (39160 48423 84017 92850 93418)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (New Mexico) Sphenodontidae indet. (83739)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Switzerland (Aargau) Sphenodontidae indet. (22680)
Norian228.0 - 208.5Argentina (San Juan) Sphenotitan leyesi (176414 182613 182614)
Norian228.0 - 208.5USA (Texas) Clevosaurus latidens (13266) Paleollanosaurus fraseri (48424)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Elachistosuchus huenei (22684)
Rhaetian208.5 - 201.3Switzerland (Schaffhausen) Paleollanosaurus sp. (51235)
Liasicus201.3 - 196.5Belgium (Luxembourg) Sphenodontidae indet. (40087)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8Zimbabwe (Matabeleland North) Sphenodontidae indet. (22663)
Hettangian - Sinemurian201.3 - 190.8Zimbabwe (Mashonaland North) Sphenodontidae indet. (50823)
Sinemurian - Pliensbachian199.3 - 182.7USA (Arizona) Navajosphenodon sani (27716)
Pliensbachian190.8 - 182.7Mexico (Tamaulipas) Cynosphenodon huizachalensis (28212) Rhynchocephalia indet. B (105237) Sphenovipera jimmysjoyi (136975)
Toarcian - Aalenian182.7 - 170.3India (Andhra Pradesh) Sphenodontidae indet. (39673)
Late/Upper Oxfordian161.2 - 155.7France (Basse-Normandie) Sphenodontidae indet. (74916)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Eilenodon sp. (48165) Rhynchocephalia indet. (137733)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Utah) Sphenodontidae indet. (53035)
Kimmeridgian - Tithonian157.3 - 145.0USA (Wyoming) Theretairus antiquus (12816)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8France Leptosaurus pulchellus, Piocormus laticeps (24426)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Eastern Barvaria) Sphenofontis velserae (220418)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian155.7 - 150.8Germany (Bayern) Leptosaurus pulchellus (59175 181424) Sphenodontidae indet. (187437)
Late/Upper Kimmeridgian - Early/Lower Tithonian155.7 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Eilenodon sp. (53021)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Utah) Theretairus sp. (57913)
Tithonian152.1 - 145.0USA (Colorado) Eilenodon sp. (53040 177145) Sphenodontidae indet. (53041)
Tithonian - Valanginian152.1 - 132.9South Africa (Eastern Cape) Sphenodontidae indet. (88876)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0Germany (Bayern) Leptosaurus neptunius (181426) Leptosaurus pulchellus (181425) Oenosaurus muehlheimensis (135673)
Early/Lower Tithonian150.8 - 145.0France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) Leptosaurus pulchellus, Piocormus laticeps (35262)
Middle Tithonian150.8 - 145.0USA (Utah) Sphenodontidae indet. (52110)
Early/Lower Berriasian - Middle Berriasian145.0 - 140.2France (Poitou-Charentes) Sphenodontidae indet. (61930)
Valanginian139.8 - 132.9USA (Utah) Toxolophosaurus sp. (27017)
Aptian - Albian125.0 - 100.5USA (Montana) Toxolophosaurus cloudi (85072)
Late/Upper Aptian122.46 - 113.0Argentina (Chubut) Priosphenodon minimus (154711 154712)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Italy (Benevento) Sphenodontidae indet. (155213)
Early/Lower Albian112.03 - 109.0Italy (Campania) Derasmosaurus pietrarojae (112631)
Late/Upper Albian105.3 - 99.6Mexico (Puebla) Ankylosphenodon pachyostosus (133991 136733 221160)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Argentina (Río Negro) Priosphenodon avelasi (225915) Tika giacchinoi (206599 225913 225914)
Early/Lower Cenomanian99.6 - 93.5Argentina (Neuquén) Kaikaifilusaurus calvoi (118103)
Middle Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian99.6 - 89.3Argentina (Río Negro) Kaikaifilusaurus sp., Patagosphenos wataku (180530)
Late/Upper Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian83.5 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Sphenodontidae indet. (49557) Sphenodontidae indet., Kawasphenodon expectatus (45087)
Maastrichtian72.1 - 66.0Argentina (Río Negro) Sphenodontinae indet., Alamitosphenos mineri (232186)
Danian66.0 - 61.6Argentina (Chubut) Kawasphenodon peligrensis (95914)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (Otago) Sphenodon sp. (175629)
Altonian19.0 - 15.9New Zealand (South Island) Sphenodon sp. (73690)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117New Zealand (North Otago) Sphenodon sp. (87789)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117New Zealand (South Island) Sphenodon sp. (87814)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Zealand (South Island) Sphenodon sp. (215380 215386 215388 215389 215392 215403 215416 215419 215421 215583 215615)