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Xantusiidae (night lizard)
Taxonomy
Xantusiidae was named by Baird (1858) [also said to be 1859]. It is extant. It was considered monophyletic by Lee and Caldwell (2000).
It was synonymized subjectively with Lacertidae by Cope (1875); it was misspelled as Xanthusiidae by Gadow (1898), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959), Kuhn (1966), Seiffert (1975), Schatzinger (1980), Estes (1983), Estes et al. (1988), Carroll (1988), Norell (1989), Sullivan (1991), Alifanov (1993), Frank and Ramus (1996), Gao and Fox (1996), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Smith (2006), Pyron et al. (2013) and Nydam et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Lacertae by Gadow (1898); to Lacertidi by Perrier (1928); to Xantusioidea by Kuhn (1946); to Lacertilia by McGrew et al. (1959); to Xantusioidea by Kuhn (1966); to Squamata by Schatzinger (1980); to Leptoglossa by Carroll (1988); to Cordyloidea by Estes (1983) and Norell (1989); to Lacertoidea by Estes et al. (1988) and Sullivan (1991); to Lacertilia by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Scleroglossa by Lee and Caldwell (2000); to Scincomorpha by Seiffert (1975), Alifanov (1993), Gao and Fox (1996) and Smith (2006); to Scincoidea by Pyron et al. (2013); and to Scincomorpha by Nydam et al. (2013).
It was synonymized subjectively with Lacertidae by Cope (1875); it was misspelled as Xanthusiidae by Gadow (1898), Perrier (1928), Kuhn (1946), McGrew et al. (1959), Kuhn (1966), Seiffert (1975), Schatzinger (1980), Estes (1983), Estes et al. (1988), Carroll (1988), Norell (1989), Sullivan (1991), Alifanov (1993), Frank and Ramus (1996), Gao and Fox (1996), Lee and Caldwell (2000), Smith (2006), Pyron et al. (2013) and Nydam et al. (2013).
It was assigned to Lacertae by Gadow (1898); to Lacertidi by Perrier (1928); to Xantusioidea by Kuhn (1946); to Lacertilia by McGrew et al. (1959); to Xantusioidea by Kuhn (1966); to Squamata by Schatzinger (1980); to Leptoglossa by Carroll (1988); to Cordyloidea by Estes (1983) and Norell (1989); to Lacertoidea by Estes et al. (1988) and Sullivan (1991); to Lacertilia by Frank and Ramus (1996); to Scleroglossa by Lee and Caldwell (2000); to Scincomorpha by Seiffert (1975), Alifanov (1993), Gao and Fox (1996) and Smith (2006); to Scincoidea by Pyron et al. (2013); and to Scincomorpha by Nydam et al. (2013).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1858 | Xantusiidae Baird |
| 1898 | Xanthusiidae Gadow p. 26 |
| 1928 | Xantusiidae Perrier p. 3097 |
| 1946 | Xantusiidae Kuhn p. 61 |
| 1959 | Xantusiidae McGrew et al. p. 135 |
| 1966 | Xantusiidae Kuhn p. 49 |
| 1975 | Xantusiidae Seiffert p. 10 |
| 1980 | Xantusiidae Schatzinger |
| 1983 | Xantusiidae Estes |
| 1988 | Xantusiidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Xantusiidae Estes et al. |
| 1989 | Xantusiidae Norell |
| 1991 | Xantusiidae Sullivan p. 296 |
| 1993 | Xantusidae Alifanov p. 9 |
| 1996 | Xantusiidae Frank and Ramus |
| 1996 | Xantusiidae Gao and Fox p. 51 |
| 2000 | Xantusiidae Lee and Caldwell |
| 2006 | Xantusiidae Smith p. 5 |
| 2013 | Xantusiidae Nydam et al. |
| 2013 | Xantusiidae Pyron et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Xantusiidae Baird 1858 [night lizard]
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G. Cricosaura Gundlach and Peters 1863 [Cuban night lizards]
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Cricosaura typica Gundlach and Peters 1863 [Cuban night lizard]
G. Klauberina Cope 1883 [Island night lizards]
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Klauberina riversiana Cope 1883 [Island night lizard]
G. Lepidophyma Duméril 1851 [tropical night lizard]
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†Lepidophyma arizeloglyphus Langebartel 1953
Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Dumeril 1851 [Yellow-spotted night lizard]
Lepidophyma gaigeae Mosauer 1936 [Gaige's tropical night lizard]
Lepidophyma smithii Bocourt 1876 [Smiths tropical night lizard]
Invalid names: Gaigeia Smith 1939 [synonym], Impensodens Langebartel 1953 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoxantusia Hecht 1956
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†Palaeoxantusia allisoni Schatzinger 1980
†Palaeoxantusia amara Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Palaeoxantusia borealis Holman 1972
†Palaeoxantusia fera Hecht 1956
†Palaeoxantusia kyrentos Schatzinger 1980
G. †Palepidophyma Smith and Gauthier 2013
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†Palepidophyma lilliputiana Smith and Gauthier 2013
†Palepidophyma paradisa Smith and Gauthier 2013
G. Xantusia Baird 1859 [night lizard]
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†Xantusia downsi Norell 1989
Xantusia henshawi Stejneger 1893 [Granite night lizard]
Xantusia vigilis Baird 1858 [Desert night lizard]
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| E. Perrier 1928 | Plenrodontes. Langue courte, à peine extensible, présentant à sa surface des plis obliques, convergeant vers sa ligne médiane, et des papilles imbriquées, à sa pointe. Corps couvert de petites écailles granulaires, plus grandes sur le ventre; pas de paupières mobiles; arcs post-orbitaire et postfronto-squamosal forts; fosse supra-temporale recouverte par un ostéoderme. Pattes bien développées. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Behler and King 1979 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Aptian to the top of the Late/Upper Pleistocene or 122.46000 to 0.01170 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 109.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 109.0 Ma
Collections (40 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Aptian - Early/Lower Albian | Mongolia (Övörkhangai Aymag) | Xantusidae indet. (77191) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Texas) | Catactegenys solaster (200385) | |
| Judithian | USA (Texas) | Catactegenys solaster (14489) | |
| Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Romania (Hunedoara) | Paracontogenys sp. (67811) | |
| Late/Upper Maastrichtian | USA (Montana) | Xantusiidae indet. (13142) | |
| Torrejonian | USA (Montana) | Palaeoxantusia fera (14874 14906) | |
| Torrejonian | USA (Wyoming) | Palaeoxantusia fera, Contogenys sloani (14886) | |
| Lostcabinian | USA (Wyoming) | Xantusiidae indet. (232915) Xantusiidae sp. A, Xantusiidae sp. B, Xantusiidae sp. C (15917) | |
| Lysitean - Lostcabinian | USA (Wyoming) | Palepidophyma lilliputiana, Palaeoxantusia amara (15451) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (Wyoming) | Palaeoxantusia sp. (15534 27268) Palepidophyma paradisa, Palaeoxantusia amara (181313) Xantusiidae CG, Palaeoxantusia sp. CG, Palepidophyma paradisa (15458) | |
| Wasatchian | USA (New Mexico) | Palaeoxantusia fera (15453) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Wyoming) | Palaeoxantusia fera (16244) Palaeoxantusia sp. (15837 27269) Xantusia sp. (176700) | |
| Bridgerian | USA (Utah) | Palaeoxantusia sp. (16396) | |
| Early/Lower Uintan | USA (California) | Palaeoxantusia allisoni (16678 16684 16698 16702 16711) Palaeoxantusia kyrentos (16697) Paracontogenys estesi, Palaeoxantusia allisoni (16706 16709) Paracontogenys estesi, Palaeoxantusia allisoni, Palaeoxantusia kyrentos (16705 16707 16710) | |
| Late/Upper Uintan | USA (California) | Palaeoxantusia sp. (167831) | |
| Uintan - Duchesnean | USA (California) | Palaeoxantusia allisoni (16533) | |
| Chadronian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Palaeoxantusia borealis (16919) | |
| Chadronian | USA (North Dakota) | Palaeoxantusia borealis (16991) | |
| Chadronian | USA (Wyoming) | Palaeoxantusia borealis (16963) | |
| Barstovian | USA (South Dakota) | Xantusiidae indet. (18303) | |
| Blancan - Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Xantusia downsi (199543) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Tamaulipas) | Lepidophyma indet. (71264) |