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Rhineura (worm lizard)
Taxonomy
Rhineura was named by Cope (1861). It is extant. Its type is Lepidosternum floridana.
It was assigned to Leposternidae by Hay (1930); to Amphisbaenidae by Cope (1875), Hay (1902), Gilmore (1938) and Galbreath (1953); to Rhineurinae by Hecht (1959); to Rhineuridae by Longrich et al. (2015); and to Rhineuridae by Yatkola (1976), Estes (1983), Carroll (1988), Frank and Ramus (1996), Maddox and Wall (1998), Kearney (2003), Smith (2006) and Jiménez-Hidalgo et al. (2015).
It was assigned to Leposternidae by Hay (1930); to Amphisbaenidae by Cope (1875), Hay (1902), Gilmore (1938) and Galbreath (1953); to Rhineurinae by Hecht (1959); to Rhineuridae by Longrich et al. (2015); and to Rhineuridae by Yatkola (1976), Estes (1983), Carroll (1988), Frank and Ramus (1996), Maddox and Wall (1998), Kearney (2003), Smith (2006) and Jiménez-Hidalgo et al. (2015).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1861 | Rhineura Cope |
1875 | Rhineura Cope p. 44 |
1902 | Rhineura Hay p. 476 |
1930 | Rhineura Hay p. 250 |
1938 | Rhineura Gilmore p. 11 |
1951 | Gilmoreia Taylor |
1951 | Pseudorhineura Vanzolini |
1953 | Rhineura Galbreath p. 39 |
1959 | Rhineura Hecht p. 137 |
1976 | Rhineura Yatkola p. 646 |
1983 | Pseudorhineura Estes |
1983 | Rhineura Estes |
1988 | Pseudorhineura Carroll |
1988 | Rhineura Carroll |
1996 | Rhineura Frank and Ramus |
1998 | Rhineura Maddox and Wall p. 6 |
2003 | Rhineura Kearney |
2006 | Rhineura Smith p. 5 |
2015 | Rhineura Jiménez-Hidalgo et al. |
2015 | Rhineura Longrich et al. |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Rhineura Cope 1861 [worm lizard]
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Rhineura floridana Baird 1858 [North American worm lizard]
†Rhineura hatcherii Baur 1893
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Invalid names: Rhineura amblyceps Taylor 1951 [synonym], Rhineura attenuatus Taylor 1951 [synonym], Rhineura coloradoensis Cope 1873 [synonym], Rhineura hibbardi Taylor 1951 [synonym], Rhineura minutus Gilmore 1938 [synonym], Rhineura sternbergii Walker 1932 [synonym], Rhineura wilsoni Taylor 1951 [synonym]
†Rhineura marslandensis Yatkola 1976
†Rhineura sepultura Holman 1979
Invalid names: Gilmoreia Taylor 1951 [synonym], Pseudorhineura Vanzolini 1951 [synonym]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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P. E. Vanzolini 1951 (Pseudorhineura) | "Similar to the fossil forms of Rhineura, but with much more elongate nasals and with the fenestra ovals displaced far backwards" (p. 116) |