PBDB Taxon

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Trilonche

Protozoa - Entactinaria - Entactiniidae

Taxonomy

Trilonche was named by Hinde (1899) [Sepkoski's age data: D Tr u Sepkoski's reference number: ZR79]. Its type is Trilonche vetusta.

It was assigned to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002); to Entactiniinae by Aitchison et al. (1999) and Wang et al. (2003); and to Entactiniidae by De Wever et al. (2001) and Noble et al. (2017).

Species

Bientactinosphaera maslakovae, Bientactinosphaera miletenkoi, Bientactinosphaera morozovi, Bientactinosphaera pinica, Bientactinosphaera spinofoliacea, Bientactinosphaera zuraevi, Bisphaera beniguna, Bisphaera cribrisimilis, Bisphaera dissimilicortex, Bisphaera solidispinosa, Bisphaera uniprocera, Druppalonche clavigera, Druppalonche ovata, Duosphaera hebes, Ornatoentactinia agarkovi, Ornatoentactinia beljaevorum, Ornatoentactinia klevtsovae, Ornatoentactinia solita, Ornatoentactinia spartaci, Ornatoentactinia spinisica, Staurodruppa foxii, Staurodruppa nana, Staurodruppa nucula, Staurodruppa praelonga, Staurodruppa prolata, T. cancellicula, T. chiangdaoensis, T. cimelia, T. crassus, T. davidi, T. dihelicis, T. echinata, T. elegans, T. hindea, T. minax, T. nanningensis, T. parapalimbola, T. pittmani, T. remosa, T. robusta, T. tanheensis, T. tetractinia, T. textilis, T. trifoliolata, T. vachardi, T. vetusta (type species), T. xinpoensis, T. yaoi

Species lacking formal opinion data

T. crassispinosa, T. pseudocimeria

Synonyms

Staurodruppa was named by Hinde (1899) [Sepkoski's age data: D Fame Sepkoski's reference number: 154]. Its type is Staurodruppa praelonga.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by Aitchison et al. (1999), De Wever et al. (2001), Wang et al. (2003) and Noble et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Spumellaria by Sepkoski (2002).
Bientactinosphaera was named by Afanasieva (2000).

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by Noble et al. (2017).
Bisphaera was named by Won (1997). Its type is Bisphaera solidispinosa.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by Noble et al. (2017).

It was assigned to Entactiniinae by Won (1997).
Druppalonche was named by Hinde (1899). Its type is Druppalonche clavigera.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by Noble et al. (2017).
Ornatoentactinia was named by Afanasieva (2000). Its type is Ornatoentactinia solita.

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by Noble et al. (2017).
Duosphaera was named by Won (1998).

It was synonymized subjectively with Trilonche by De Wever et al. (2001) and Noble et al. (2017).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1899	Druppalonche Hinde
1899	Staurodruppa Hinde
1899	Trilonche Hinde
1997	Bisphaera Won
1998	Duosphaera Won
1999	Trilonche Aitchison et al. p. 144
2000	Bientactinosphaera Afanasieva
2000	Ornatoentactinia Afanasieva
2001	Trilonche De Wever et al. p. 180
2002	Staurodruppa Sepkoski
2002	Trilonche Sepkoski
2003	Trilonche Wang et al. p. 132
2017	Trilonche Noble et al. p. 449

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Rank	Name	Author
—	Life
—	Eukaryota	()
class	Protozoa	Goldfuss 1820
subphylum	Sarcodina	Schmarda 1871
class	Reticularea	Lankester 1885

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Radiolaria	(Müller 1858)
superorder	Polycystina	(Ehrenberg 1838)
order	Entactinaria	Kozur and Mostler 1982
family	Entactiniidae	Riedel 1967
genus	Trilonche	Hinde 1899

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Trilonche Hinde 1899

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†Trilonche cancellicula Foreman 1963

†Trilonche chiangdaoensis Wonganan and Caridroit 2005

†Trilonche cimelia Ormiston and Lane 1976

†Trilonche crassus He and Feng 2011

†Trilonche davidi Hinde 1899

†Trilonche dihelicis Wonganan and Caridroit 2005

†Trilonche echinata Hinde 1899

†Trilonche elegans Hinde 1899

†Trilonche hindea Aitchison and Stratford 1997

†Trilonche minax Hinde 1899

†Trilonche nanningensis Luo et al. 2002

†Trilonche parapalimbola Wang 2003

†Trilonche pittmani Hinde 1899

†Trilonche remosa Luo et al. 2002

†Trilonche robusta Aitchison 1993

†Trilonche tanheensis Luo et al. 2002

†Trilonche tetractinia Foreman 1963

†Trilonche textilis Feng 2007

†Trilonche trifoliolata Umeda 1997

†Trilonche vachardi Wonganan and Caridroit 2005

†Trilonche vetusta Hinde 1899

†Trilonche xinpoensis Luo et al. 2002

†Trilonche yaoi Zhang et al. 2008

Invalid names: Bientactinosphaera Afanasieva 2000 [synonym], Bisphaera Won 1997 [synonym], Druppalonche Hinde 1899 [synonym], Duosphaera Won 1998 [synonym], Ornatoentactinia Afanasieva 2000 [synonym], Staurodruppa Hinde 1899 [synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
Y. Wang et al. 2003	Two or more, well developed, spherical or subspherical shells, and an internal, six-rayed double spicule. When secondary spines are present, the six spines developed from the rays of the internal spicule are generally differentiated and recognizable as main spines. Up to six main spines may be present.