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Varanoidea
Taxonomy
Varanoidea was named by Gray (1827). Its type is Varanus. It was considered monophyletic by Lee and Caldwell (2000) and Conrad (2006).
It was synonymized subjectively with Platynota by McDowell and Bogert (1954); it was reranked as the unranked clade Varanoidea by Comaschi Caria (1957).
It was assigned to Anguimorpha by Camp (1923); to Squamata by Comaschi Caria (1957); to Diploglossa by Carroll (1988); to Anguimorpha by Peng et al. (2001); to Platynota by Baur (1890), Estes (1964), Welles and Gregg (1971), Conrad (2006) and Norell et al. (2007); to Anguimorpha by Antunes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Seiffert (1975), Estes (1983), Stritzke (1983), Gao and Fox (1996), Páramo-Fonseca (2000) and Houssaye et al. (2013); to Reptilia by Houssaye et al. (2013); and to Squamata by Lee and Caldwell (2000) and de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).
It was synonymized subjectively with Platynota by McDowell and Bogert (1954); it was reranked as the unranked clade Varanoidea by Comaschi Caria (1957).
It was assigned to Anguimorpha by Camp (1923); to Squamata by Comaschi Caria (1957); to Diploglossa by Carroll (1988); to Anguimorpha by Peng et al. (2001); to Platynota by Baur (1890), Estes (1964), Welles and Gregg (1971), Conrad (2006) and Norell et al. (2007); to Anguimorpha by Antunes (1964), Kuhn (1966), Seiffert (1975), Estes (1983), Stritzke (1983), Gao and Fox (1996), Páramo-Fonseca (2000) and Houssaye et al. (2013); to Reptilia by Houssaye et al. (2013); and to Squamata by Lee and Caldwell (2000) and de Lapparent de Broin et al. (2020).
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1827 | Varanoidea Gray |
| 1890 | Helodermatoidea Baur |
| 1890 | Varanoidea Baur p. 262 |
| 1923 | Varanoidea Camp |
| 1957 | Varanoidea Comaschi Caria p. 41 |
| 1964 | Varanoidea Antunes p. 137 |
| 1964 | Varanoidea Estes p. 128 |
| 1966 | Varanoidea Kuhn p. 56 |
| 1971 | Varanoidea Welles and Gregg p. 49 |
| 1975 | Varanoidea Seiffert p. 10 |
| 1983 | Varanoidea Estes |
| 1983 | Varanoidea Stritzke |
| 1988 | Varanoidea Carroll |
| 1996 | Varanoidea Gao and Fox p. 88 |
| 2000 | Varanoidea Lee and Caldwell |
| 2000 | Varanoidea Páramo-Fonseca p. 123 |
| 2001 | Varanoidea Peng et al. p. 32 |
| 2006 | Varanoidea Conrad p. 122 |
| 2007 | Varanoidea Norell et al. p. 3 |
| 2013 | Varanoidea Houssaye et al. |
| 2013 | Varanoidea Houssaye et al. |
| 2020 | Varanoidea de Lapparent de Broin et al. p. 418 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Superfm. †Varanoidea Gray 1827
show all | hide all
G. Heloderma Wiegmann 1829 [beaded lizard]
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Heloderma horridum Wiegmann 1829 [Beaded lizard]
Heloderma suspectum Cope 1869 [Gila monster]
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Heloderma suspectum cinctum Bogert and Martin del Campo 1956 [Banded gila monster]
Heloderma suspectum suspectum Cope 1869 [Reticulated gila monster]
†Heloderma texana Stevens 1977
Invalid names: Trachyderma Wiedmann 1829 [replaced]
Fm. †Pachyvaranidae Kuhn 1961
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Fm. †Parasaniwidae Estes 1964
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Subfm. †Saniwinae Camp 1923
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G. †Saniwa Leidy 1870
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†Saniwa edura Smith 2006
†Saniwa ensidens Leidy 1870
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Invalid names: Saniwa brooksi Brattstrom 1955 [synonym], Saniwa major Leidy 1873 [synonym], Thinosaurus agilis Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinosaurus crassus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinosaurus grandis Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinosaurus leptodus Marsh 1872 [synonym], Thinosaurus paucidens Marsh 1872 [synonym]
†Saniwa orsmaelensis Dollo 1923
Invalid names: Thinosaurus Marsh 1872 [synonym]
Fm. Varanidae Hardwicke and Gray 1824 [monitor lizard]
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G. Lanthanotus Steindachner 1877 [earless monitor lizard]
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Lanthanotus borneensis Steindachner 1878 [Borneo earless monitor]
G. Varanus Merrem 1820
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Subg. †Varanus (Varaneades) Conrad et al. 2012
Varanus acanthurus Boulenger 1885 [Ridgetail monitor]
Varanus albigularis Daudin 1802 [White-throated monitor]
Varanus baritji King and Horner 1987 [Stone monitor]
Varanus beccarii Doria 1874 [Black tree monitor]
Varanus bengalensis Daudin 1802 [Bengal monitor]
Varanus bogerti Mertens 1950 [Bogert's monitor]
Varanus brevicauda Boulenger 1898 [Short-tail monitor]
Varanus caudolineatus Boulenger 1885 [Stripetail monitor]
Varanus doreanus Bohme et al. 1994 [Bluetail monitor]
Varanus dumerili Schlegel 1839 [Dumeril's monitor]
†Varanus eremitus De Vis 1889
Varanus eremius Lucas and Frost 1895 [Spinifex monitor]
Varanus exanthematicus Bosc 1792 [savannah monitor]
Varanus gilleni Lucas and Frost 1895 [Pigmy mulga monitor]
Varanus griseus Daudin 1803 [Desert monitor]
†Varanus hoffmanni Roger 1898
†Varanus hooijeri Brongersma 1958
Varanus komodoensis Ouwens 1912 [Komodo dragon]
†Varanus marathonensis Weithofer 1888
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Invalid names: Varanus amnhophilis Conrad et al. 2012 [synonym], Varanus atticus Nopcsa 1908 [synonym]
†Varanus mokrensis Ivanov et al. 2018
Varanus niloticus Linnaeus 1766 [Nile monitor]
Varanus olivaceus Hallowell 1856 [Gray's monitor]
Varanus prasinus Schlegel 1839 [Emerald monitor]
†Varanus prisca Owen 1859
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Invalid names: Notiosaurus dentatus Owen 1884 [synonym], Varanus dirus de Vis 1889 [synonym], Varanus warburtonensis Zeitz 1899 [synonym]
†Varanus rusingensis Clos 1995
Varanus salvadorii Peters and Doria 1878 [Crocodile monitor]
Varanus salvator Laurenti 1768 [Common water monitor]
Varanus semiremex Peters 1869
†Varanus sivalensis Falconer 1868
Varanus tristis Schlegel 1839 [Arid monitor]
Varanus varius Shaw 1790 [Lace monitor]
Invalid names: Iberovaranus Hoffstetter 1969 [synonym], Megalania Owen 1859 [synonym], Notiosaurus Owen 1884 [synonym], Varanus catalaunicus Hoffstetter 1969 [nomen dubium], Varanus deserticolus Bolkay 1913 [nomen dubium], Varanus lemoinei Nopsca 1908 [nomen dubium], Varanus lungui Zerova and Chkhikvadze 1986 [nomen dubium], Varanus semjonovi Zerova and Chkhikvadze 1986 [nomen dubium], Varanus tyrasiensis Lungu et al. 1983 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Megalaninae Camp 1923 [empty], Varaninae [empty]
Invalid names: Helodermatidae Gray 1837 [empty], Helodermatoidea Baur 1890 [synonym], Lanthanotidae Steindachner 1878 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: superf = superfamily, c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
| References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Pianka and Vitt 2003 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Ludlow to the top of the Holocene or 427.40000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 423.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 423.0 Ma
Collections (298 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ludlow | United Kingdom (Wales) | Keilorites sp. (74805) | |
| Late/Upper Barremian - Early/Lower Aptian | Spain (Castilla y Leon) | Arcanosaurus ibericus (138027) | |
| Early/Lower Cenomanian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Varanoidea indet. (58208) | |
| Middle Cenomanian - Early/Lower Turonian | Israel | Judeasaurus tchernovi (84995) | |
| Middle Turonian - Late/Upper Turonian | Uzbekistan (Navoi) | Ekshmer bissektensis (58179) | |
| Late/Upper Turonian - Coniacian | Kazakhstan (Qyzylorda) | Varanidae indet. (84557) | |
| Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov Aimag) | Ovoo gurvel (117932) | |
| Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Aiolosaurus oriens (68520) | |
| Campanian - Early/Lower Maastrichtian | Saudi Arabia (Tabuk) | Varanoidea indet. (116314) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | France (Languedoc-Roussillon) | Lacertilia indet. (47782) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur) | Varanoidea indet. (220133) | |
| Early/Lower Campanian | USA (Texas) | Varanoidea indet. (200385) | |
| Judithian | Canada (Alberta) | Helodermatidae indet. (116537) | |
| Judithian | USA (Montana) | Varanidae indet. (14453) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Baja California) | Varanoidea indet. (197021) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov) | Cherminotus longifrons (51033) Telmasaurus grangeri (46152) Varanoidea indet. (127678) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Helodermatidae indet. (45822 45897 45898) Varanoidea indet. (45892) Varanoidea indet., Helodermatidae indet. (45671 45893 45899) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mongolia (Omnogov Aimak) | Varanoidea indet. (37184) | |
| Late/Upper Campanian | Mexico (Coahuila) | Varanidae indet. (35360) | |
| Middle Campanian | Canada (Alberta) | Helodermatidae indet. (45560 45561 45564 45565 45567) Varanoidea indet., Helodermatidae indet. (45670) | |