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Viperidae (viper)

Reptilia - Viperidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1811Viperidae Oppel
1871Viperidae Cope p. 238
1875Viperidae Cope p. 23
1890Viperidae Zittel p. 631
1892Provipera Kinkelin p. 94
1892Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin p. 94
1898Viperidae Gadow p. 29
1928Viperidae Perrier p. 3109
1946Viperidae Kuhn p. 62
1987Viperidae Szyndlar p. 66
1988Viperidae Carroll
1996Viperidae Frank and Ramus
2008Viperidae Böhme p. 169
2008Viperidae Venczel and Stiuca p. 759
2015Viperidae Cernansky et al. p. 121
2016Viperidae Ikeda et al. p. 151

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
—Squamata()
suborderOphidia(Latreille 1804)
—Serpentes(Linnaeus 1758)
infraorderAlethinophidia
superfamilyColubroidea
familyViperidae
familyViperidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Viperidae Oppel 1811 [viper]
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G. Bothrops Wagler 1824 [pit viper]
G. †Laophis Owen 1857
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†Laophis crotaloides Owen 1857
Invalid names: Provipera Kinkelin 1892 [nomen dubium], Provipera boettgeri Kinkelin 1892 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
E. Perrier 1928Tête triangulaire, élargie en arrière et suivie d'un cou très marqué. Squamosal mobile, soutenant le carré, qui est allongé, et formant avec lui une tige, dirigée vers l'arrière, mais pouvant se rabattre et devenir verticale, de. façon à reporler très bas l'articulation
de la mandibule, en même temps que la lige palato-ptérygoïde est poussée en avant et fait basculer le maxillaire, contre lequel elle butte ; de là, une énorme ouverture buccale, et, en même temps, la projection en avant des crochets insérés sur les maxillaires; maxillaire très court, vertical au repos, et portant un crochet venimeux canaliculé, couché en arrière contre la voûte palatine, suivi d'un ou plusieurs crochets de remplacement, sans aucune autre dent solide; des dents pelites, en crochets, sur les ptérygoïdes et les palatins.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Adult length: 1000 to < 10^4f
Maximum body mass: 3 kgf
Minimum body mass: 300 gf
Grouping: solitaryf
Environment: terrestrialf
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoref
Reproduction: oviparousf
Created: 2005-09-05 19:48:27
Modified: 2005-09-10 11:39:27
Source: f = family, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Behler and King 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Harrisonian to the top of the Holocene or 24.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 23.03 Ma

Collections (54 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
MP 3028.4 - 23.03Germany (Bavaria) Viperidae indet. (84364)
Harrisonian24.8 - 18.5USA (Nebraska) Viperidae indet. (17802)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44Germany (Rhineland-Palatinate) Viperidae indet. (135772)
Agenian23.03 - 20.0Switzerland (Fribourg) Viperidae indet. (203089)
Early/Lower Miocene23.03 - 15.97Namibia (Karas) Viperidae indet. (146601)
MN 222.4 - 20.0Germany (R.-P. and Hesse) Provipera boettgeri (69606)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Greece Viperidae indet. (68032)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia) Viperidae indet. (199780 199781 199782)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Saudi Arabia Viperidae indet. (47095)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Germany (Bavaria) Viperidae indet. (205184)
Burdigalian - Langhian20.44 - 13.82Thailand Viperidae indet. (48126)
Burdigalian - Tortonian20.44 - 7.246France Viperidae indet. (187580)
MN 416.9 - 15.97France (Midi-Pyrenees) Viperidae indet. (Vipera ["oriental viper"] or Daboia), Viperidae indet. (136919)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary) Viperidae indet. (138666)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Viperidae indet. (18284)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Viperidae indet. (140202)
Early/Lower Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Texas) Viperidae indet. (18665)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82Spain (Catalonia) Viperidae indet. (180192)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Viperidae indet. (48325)
MN 515.97 - 13.65Germany (Bavaria) Viperidae indet. (205187)
Langhian - Serravallian15.97 - 11.62Poland (Silesia) Viperidae indet. (42594)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Spain (Balearic Islands) Viperidae indet. (136226)
Middle Miocene15.97 - 11.608Namibia Viperidae indet. (21855)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Russian Federation (Irkutsk) Viperidae indet. (48439)
MN 7 + 812.75 - 11.1Hungary (Heves) Viperidae indet. (168132)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Nebraska) Viperidae indet. (188779)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Turkey Viperidae indet. (56563)
MN 911.1 - 9.7Hungary (Heves) Viperidae indet. (168177 168187 168189)
Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Viperidae indet. (18601)
Late/Upper Hemphillian - Blancan10.3 - 1.8USA (Tennessee) Viperidae indet. (26574)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Spain Viperidae indet. (28625)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') Viperidae indet. (174455)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) Viperidae indet. (198275)
Ruscinian5.333 - 3.2Greece Laophis crotaloides (36579)
Montehermosan5.0 - 3.8Argentina (Buenos Aires) Bothrops sp., Bothrops alternatus (198863)
MN 144.9 - 4.2Poland Viperidae indet "B" (32240)
MN 154.2 - 3.2Poland Viperidae indet. (33396)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Spain (Alcolea de Calatrava) Viperidae indet. (224542)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Middle Pleistocene3.6 - 0.129Venezuela (Monagas) Viperidae indet. (227296)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Tanzania Viperidae indet. (22593)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Spain (Granada) Viperidae indet. (77773)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Japan (Ryukyu Islands) Viperidae indet. (210495)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Poland Viperidae indet. (33480)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Viperidae indet. (58089)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Arizona) Viperidae indet. (20446 20447)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129South Africa (Namaqualand) Viperidae indet. (51188)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Brazil (Goiás) Bothrops sp. (211821)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117South Africa (Namaqualand) Viperidae indet. (51187)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0South Africa Viperidae indet. (21862)