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Crotalus (rattlesnake)
Taxonomy
Crotalus was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. Its type is Crotalus horridus. It is the type genus of Crotalinae.
It was assigned to Crotalidae by Cope (1875), Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); to Viperidae by Carroll (1988) and Parmley and Holman (1995); and to Crotalinae by Holman (1985), Holman (2000), Parmley and Holman (2007) and Parmley and Hunter (2010).
It was assigned to Crotalidae by Cope (1875), Hay (1902) and Hay (1930); to Viperidae by Carroll (1988) and Parmley and Holman (1995); and to Crotalinae by Holman (1985), Holman (2000), Parmley and Holman (2007) and Parmley and Hunter (2010).
Species
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1758 | Crotalus Linnaeus p. 214 |
1875 | Crotalus Cope p. 33 |
1902 | Crotalus Hay p. 481 |
1930 | Crotalus Hay p. 270 |
1985 | Crotalus Holman |
1988 | Crotalus Carroll |
1995 | Crotalus Parmley and Holman p. 85 |
2000 | Crotalus Holman |
2007 | Crotalus Parmley and Holman p. 141 |
2010 | Crotalus Parmley and Hunter p. 539 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Crotalus Linnaeus 1758 [rattlesnake]
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Crotalus adamanteus Palisot de Beauvois 1799 [eastern diamondback rattlesnake]
Crotalus atrox Baird and Girard 1853
Crotalus horridus Linnaeus 1758 [timber rattlesnake]
Crotalus lepidus Kennicott 1861 [rock rattlesnake]
†Crotalus potterensis Brattstrom 1953
Crotalus viridis Rafinesque 1818 [prairie rattlesnake]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade | |||||
References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009 |
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 10.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 9.4 Ma
Collections (82 total)
Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
---|---|---|---|
Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Nebraska) | Crotalus sp. (18327) | |
Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Crotalus horridus (18225) | |
Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Nebraska) | Crotalus sp. (18126 18247 18359) | |
Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Oklahoma) | Crotalus viridis (18076) | |
Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Crotalus viridis (19931 19936 19940) | |
Blancan | USA (Nebraska) | Crotalus horridus (19954 27572) Crotalus indet. (19960) | |
Blancan | Mexico (Baja California Sur) | Crotalus sp. (19673) | |
Blancan | USA (Washington) | Crotalus sp. (20062) | |
Gelasian | USA (Kansas) | Crotalus viridis (19927) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Tennessee) | Crotalus sp. (74246 125974) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Pennsylvania) | Crotalus sp. (125952) | |
Pleistocene (glacial) | Mexico (Puebla) | Crotalus triseriatus (230672) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Maryland) | Crotalus horridus (126660) | |
Pleistocene | USA (West Virginia) | Crotalus horridus (123875 124319) | |
Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (180345) Crotalus sp. (227368) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (20400) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Maryland) | Crotalus horridus (20302) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Pennsylvania) | Crotalus horridus (20354) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Texas) | Crotalus atrox (20530) Crotalus horridus, Crotalus atrox (20337) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (South Dakota) | Crotalus sp. (20389) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (California) | Crotalus sp. (20173 20178) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Arkansas) | Crotalus sp. (20290) | |
Irvingtonian | USA (Kansas) | Crotalus viridis (20295 20516) | |
Irvingtonian - Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Crotalus sp. (20414) | |
Middle Pleistocene | USA (California) | Crotalus viridis (20639) | |
Middle Pleistocene | USA (Colorado) | Crotalus viridis (20361) | |
Middle Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (75974) | |
Rancholabrean | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (20491 180339) | |
Rancholabrean | Mexico (Puebla) | Crotalus indet. (230717) | |
Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Crotalus sp. (84880 161630) | |
Rancholabrean - Holocene | USA (California) | Crotalus viridis (84904) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Crotalus sp. (155409) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (20650) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Texas) | Crotalus atrox (79632) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Tennessee) | Crotalus sp. (63424 63425) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Texas) | Crotalus sp. (76101) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | Crotalus sp. (76059 76060) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Texas) | Crotalus sp. (79581) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (New Mexico) | Crotalus indet. (140701 140702) Crotalus indet., Crotalus atrox (93139 140704) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (20638 34269 100343 154804 155348) Crotalus giganteus, Crotalus adamanteus (154936) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (California) | Crotalus viridis, Crotalus sp. (155393) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (New Mexico) | Crotalus sp. (93141) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Virginia) | Crotalus horridus, Crotalus adamanteus (82258) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (154722) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Alabama) | Crotalus horridus (84181) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (California) | Crotalus sp. (20644) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Missouri) | Crotalus horridus (75995) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Georgia) | Crotalus sp., Crotalus horridus (13066) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Nevada) | Crotalus mitchelli, Crotalus viridis, Crotalus atrox (99602) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Georgia) | Crotalus sp. (20604) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Crotalus adamanteus (154771 154921) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Tennessee) | Crotalus sp. (63429) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (late glacial) | USA (Arizona) | Crotalus scutulatus, Crotalus atrox (93374) | |
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene | USA (Virginia) | Crotalus horridus (104689) | |
Holocene | USA (Texas) | Crotalus sp. (79583) | |
Holocene | USA (Georgia) | Crotalus sp. (152113) | |
Holocene | USA (Tennessee) | Crotalus sp. (63428) |