PBDB Taxon

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Panoplosaurus

Reptilia - Nodosauridae

Taxonomy

Panoplosaurus was named by Lambe (1919). Its type is Panoplosaurus mirus. It was considered monophyletic by Vickaryous et al. (2004).

It was assigned to Acanthopholidae by Huene (1927); to Thyreophora by Nopcsa (1928); to Ankylosauridae by Sternberg (1921), Maleev (1954) and Maleev (1956); to Nodosaurinae by Sereno (1998); to Panoplosaurinae by Nopcsa (1929), Sereno (1986), Bakker (1988) and Ford (2000); to Edmontoniinae by Russell (1940) and Blows (2001); and to Nodosauridae by Nopcsa (1928), Hay (1930), Russell (1930), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Tatarinov (1964), Kuhn (1964), Simmons (1965), Romer (1966), Coombs (1978), Coombs (1978), Coombs (1979), Molnar (1980), Lehman (1981), Galton (1983), Dodson (1983), Russell (1984), Clemens (1986), Tumanova (1987), Carroll (1988), Carpenter (1990), Weishampel et al. (1991), Coombs and Deméré (1996), Ryan (1997), Eberth (1997), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (1997), Kirkland (1998), Eberth et al. (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2001), Carpenter (2001), Pereda Suberbiola and Galton (2001), Vickaryous et al. (2004), Ryan and Evans (2005), Vickaryous (2006), Lü et al. (2007), Lü et al. (2007), Burns (2007), Longrich (2008), Burns (2008), Osi and Makádi (2009), Parsons and Parsons (2009), Rivera-Sylva et al. (2011), Kirkland et al. (2013), Han et al. (2014), Arbour et al. (2014), Blows (2014), Arbour et al. (2014), Arbour and Currie (2016), Yang et al. (2017) and Galton (2019).

Species

P. mirus (type species), P. rugosidens

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1919	Panoplosaurus Lambe p. 39
1921	Panoplosaurus Sternberg p. 101
1927	Panoplosaurus Huene p. 261
1928	Panoplosaurus Nopcsa p. 73
1929	Panoplosaurus Nopcsa p. 70
1930	Panoplosaurus Hay p. 237
1930	Panoplosaurus Russell p. 149
1940	Panoplosaurus Russell p. 26
1954	Panoplosaurus Maleev
1956	Panoplosaurus Maleev
1956	Panoplosaurus Romer p. 636
1963	Panoplosaurus Parsch p. 8
1964	Panoplosaurus Kuhn p. 50
1964	Panoplosaurus Tatarinov p. 577
1965	Panoplosaurus Simmons p. 70
1966	Panoplosaurus Romer p. 370
1978	Panoplosaurus Coombs p. 144
1979	Panoplosaurus Coombs, Jr. p. 666
1980	Panoplosaurus Molnar p. 138
1981	Panoplosaurus Lehman p. 198
1983	Panoplosaurus Dodson p. 95
1983	Panoplosaurus Galton p. 6
1984	Panoplosaurus Russell p. 25
1986	Panoplosaurus Clemens p. 80
1986	Panoplosaurus Sereno
1987	Panoplosaurus Tumanova p. 14
1988	Panoplosaurus Bakker pp. 17-20
1988	Panoplosaurus Carroll
1990	Panoplosaurus Carpenter p. 284
1991	Panoplosaurus Weishampel et al. p. 208
1996	Panoplosaurus Coombs, Jr. and Deméré p. 319
1997	Panoplosaurus Eberth p. 201
1997	Panoplosaurus Pereda Suberbiola and Galton p. 213
1997	Panoplosaurus Ryan p. 391
1998	Panoplosaurus Kirkland p. 273 fig. 3
1998	Panoplosaurus Sereno p. 61
2000	Panoplosaurus Ford p. 174
2001	Panoplosaurus Blows p. 378
2001	Panoplosaurus Carpenter p. 457
2001	Panoplosaurus Eberth et al. p. 58
2001	Panoplosaurus Pereda Suberbiola and Galton p. 199
2001	Panoplosaurus Vickaryous et al. p. 1774
2004	Panoplosaurus Vickaryous et al. p. 365
2005	Panoplosaurus Ryan and Evans p. 316
2006	Panoplosaurus Vickaryous p. 1011
2007	Panoplosaurus Burns p. 54A
2007	Panoplosaurus Lü et al. p. 889 fig. 1
2007	Panoplosaurus Lü et al. p. 349
2008	Panoplosaurus Burns p. 1108
2008	Panoplosaurus Longrich p. 994
2009	Panoplosaurus Osi and Makádi p. 239 fig. 10
2009	Panoplosaurus Parsons and Parsons p. 736 fig. 18
2011	Panoplosaurus Rivera-Sylva et al. p. 376
2013	Panoplosaurus Kirkland et al. p. 7
2014	Panoplosaurus Arbour et al. p. 2
2014	Panoplosaurus Arbour et al. p. 649
2014	Panoplosaurus Blows p. 60
2014	Panoplosaurus Han et al. p. 14 fig. 11
2016	Panoplosaurus Arbour and Currie p. 433 fig. 11
2017	Panoplosaurus Yang et al. p. 786
2019	Panoplosaurus Galton p. 212

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia

Rank	Name	Author
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Ornithischia	()
—	Genasauria
—	Thyreophora	()
—	Ankylosauria	()
family	Nodosauridae
genus	Panoplosaurus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Panoplosaurus Lambe 1919

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†Panoplosaurus mirus Lambe 1919

†Panoplosaurus rugosidens Gilmore 1930

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yesg

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Maximum body mass:

3000 kgg

Minimum body mass:

1000 kgg

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

gregariouso

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

herbivoreo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2005-08-25 06:02:44

Modified:

2005-08-25 08:02:44

Source: g = genus, o = order

References: Peczkis 1995, Marsh 1875

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Campanian to the top of the Lancian or 83.50000 to 66.00000 Ma

Collections (15 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Campanian	83.6 - 72.1	USA (Montana)	Palaeoscincus rugosidens (45680)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Montana)	Ceratopsidae indet. (26767) Edmontonia rugosidens (138980)
Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Alberta)	Ankylosauria indet. (59038) Edmontonia rugosidens (58951) Palaeoscincus costatus (58902) P. mirus (58901 230000)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	USA (Texas)	P. sp. (189815)
Middle Campanian - Late/Upper Campanian	83.5 - 70.6	Canada (Saskatchewan)	P. sp. (14494)
Maastrichtian	72.1 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Edmontonia sp. (225939)
Lancian	70.6 - 66.0	USA (Wyoming)	Edmontonia rugosidens (14542 75287 75298 75443)