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Monoclonius
Taxonomy
Monoclonius was named by Cope (1876). Its type is Monoclonius crassus. It is the type genus of Monocloniinae.
It was synonymized subjectively with Triceratops by Zittel (1890); it was considered a nomen dubium by Farke et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Dinosauria by Cope (1876) and Cope (1876); to Orthopoda by Cope (1877); to Hadrosauridae by Cope (1883); to Scelidosauria by Seeley (1892); to Agathaumidae by Cope (1889), Cope (1889) and Lull (1906); to Ceratopsia by Brown (1917) and Lull (1924); to Monocloninae by Nopcsa (1929); to Monocloniinae by Nopcsa (1928), Huene (1950) and Tatarinov (1964); to Ceratopsidae by Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Nopcsa (1901), Lambe (1902), Hay (1902), Lambe (1905), Lambe (1905), Hatcher et al. (1907), Huene (1909), Lambe (1911), von Zittel (1911), Matthew (1915), Joleaud (1922), Abel (1924), Gregory and Mook (1925), Huene (1927), Hay (1930), Russell (1930), Lull (1933), Chakravarti (1934), Sternberg (1940), Sternberg (1949), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Swinton (1970), Powell (1973), Wolberg (1980), Molnar (1980), Lehman (1981), Dodson (1983), Russell (1984), Ostrom and Wellnhofer (1986), Clemens (1986), Carroll (1988) and Eberth (1997); and to Centrosaurinae by Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Lehman (1990), Dodson (1997), Dodson (1997) and Dodson et al. (2004).
It was synonymized subjectively with Triceratops by Zittel (1890); it was considered a nomen dubium by Farke et al. (2011).
It was assigned to Dinosauria by Cope (1876) and Cope (1876); to Orthopoda by Cope (1877); to Hadrosauridae by Cope (1883); to Scelidosauria by Seeley (1892); to Agathaumidae by Cope (1889), Cope (1889) and Lull (1906); to Ceratopsia by Brown (1917) and Lull (1924); to Monocloninae by Nopcsa (1929); to Monocloniinae by Nopcsa (1928), Huene (1950) and Tatarinov (1964); to Ceratopsidae by Marsh (1895), Marsh (1896), Nopcsa (1901), Lambe (1902), Hay (1902), Lambe (1905), Lambe (1905), Hatcher et al. (1907), Huene (1909), Lambe (1911), von Zittel (1911), Matthew (1915), Joleaud (1922), Abel (1924), Gregory and Mook (1925), Huene (1927), Hay (1930), Russell (1930), Lull (1933), Chakravarti (1934), Sternberg (1940), Sternberg (1949), Romer (1956), Parsch (1963), Kuhn (1964), Romer (1966), Charig (1967), Swinton (1970), Powell (1973), Wolberg (1980), Molnar (1980), Lehman (1981), Dodson (1983), Russell (1984), Ostrom and Wellnhofer (1986), Clemens (1986), Carroll (1988) and Eberth (1997); and to Centrosaurinae by Dodson and Currie (1990), Dodson (1990), Lehman (1990), Dodson (1997), Dodson (1997) and Dodson et al. (2004).
Species
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
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1876 | Monoclonius Cope |
1877 | Monoclonius Cope p. 573 |
1883 | Monoclonius Cope p. 99 |
1889 | Monoclonius Cope p. 716 |
1889 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Cope p. 716 |
1889 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Cope p. 716 |
1889 | Monoclonius fissus Cope p. 717 |
1889 | Monoclonius Cope p. 906 |
1892 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Cope p. 757 |
1892 | Monoclonius Seeley |
1895 | Monoclonius Marsh |
1896 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Hatcher p. 113 |
1896 | Monoclonius Marsh p. 243 |
1901 | Monoclonius Nopcsa p. 216 |
1901 | Monoclonius fissus Nopcsa p. 216 |
1901 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Nopcsa p. 216 |
1901 | Monoclonius sphenocoerus Nopcsa p. 216 |
1902 | Monoclonius Hay p. 499 |
1902 | Monoclonius fissus Hay p. 500 |
1902 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Hay p. 500 |
1902 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Hay p. 500 |
1902 | Monoclonius Lambe p. 57 |
1902 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Lambe p. 68 |
1902 | Monoclonius sphenoceras Lambe p. 68 |
1905 | Ceratops recurvicornis Hatcher |
1905 | Monoclonius Lambe p. 3 |
1905 | Monoclonius fissus Lambe p. 24 |
1905 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Lambe p. 24 |
1905 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Lambe p. 24 |
1905 | Monoclonius Lambe p. 49 |
1906 | Monoclonius Lull p. 144 |
1907 | Monoclonius Hatcher et al. pp. 12, 70 |
1907 | Ceratops recurvicornis Hatcher et al. p. 86–87 |
1907 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Hatcher et al. pp. 87–88, 167 |
1909 | Monoclonius Huene p. 17 |
1910 | Ceratops recurvicornis Lull p. 772 |
1911 | Monoclonius Lambe p. 9 |
1911 | Monoclonius von Zittel p. 296 |
1913 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Lambe p. 115 |
1913 | Agathaumas sphenoceros Tornier p. 375 fig. 53 |
1914 | Ceratops recurvicornis Brown p. 549 |
1915 | Styracosaurus sphenocerus Lambe p. 18 |
1915 | Monoclonius Matthew p. 30 |
1917 | Monoclonius Brown p. 285 |
1922 | Monoclonius Joleaud p. 64 |
1924 | Monoclonius Abel p. 712 |
1924 | Monoclonius Lull p. 245 |
1925 | Monoclonius Gregory and Mook p. 6 |
1927 | Monoclonius Huene p. 259 |
1927 | Ceratops recurvicornis Huene p. 261 |
1927 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Huene p. 261 |
1928 | Monoclonius Nopcsa p. 185 |
1929 | Monoclonius Nopcsa p. 69ff |
1930 | Ceratops recurvicornis Arldt p. 702 |
1930 | Monoclonius Hay p. 221 |
1930 | Monoclonius fissus Hay p. 222 |
1930 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Hay p. 222 |
1930 | Styracosaurus sphenocerus Hay p. 225 |
1930 | Ceratops recurvicornis Russell p. 142 |
1930 | Monoclonius Russell p. 142 |
1930 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Russell p. 142 |
1933 | Monoclonius Lull p. 81 |
1933 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Lull p. 83 |
1933 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Lull p. 83 |
1934 | Monoclonius Chakravarti p. 78 |
1938 | Centrosaurus recurvicornis Sternberg p. 286 |
1938 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Sternberg p. 286 |
1940 | Centrosaurus recurvicornis Sternberg p. 468 |
1940 | Monoclonius Sternberg p. 468 |
1940 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Sternberg p. 468 |
1949 | Monoclonius Sternberg p. 41 fig. 1 |
1950 | Monoclonius Huene p. 351 |
1956 | Monoclonius Romer p. 639 |
1963 | Monoclonius Parsch p. 8 |
1964 | Monoclonius Kuhn p. 57 |
1964 | Monoclonius fissus Kuhn p. 57 |
1964 | Monoclonius recurvicornis Kuhn p. 57 |
1964 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Kuhn p. 57 |
1964 | Ceratops recurvicornis Russell p. 10 |
1964 | Monoclonius sphenocerus Russell p. 10 |
1964 | Monoclonius Tatarinov p. 583 |
1966 | Monoclonius Romer p. 371 |
1967 | Monoclonius Charig p. 717 |
1970 | Monoclonius Swinton p. 259 |
1973 | Monoclonius Powell p. 118 |
1975 | Centrosaurus recurvatus Langston p. 1584 |
1980 | Monoclonius Molnar p. 138 |
1980 | Monoclonius Wolberg p. 42 |
1981 | Monoclonius Lehman p. 207 |
1983 | Monoclonius Dodson p. 94 |
1984 | Monoclonius Russell p. 25 |
1986 | Monoclonius Clemens p. 80 |
1986 | Monoclonius Ostrom and Wellnhofer p. 116 |
1988 | Monoclonius Carroll |
1990 | Monoclonius Dodson p. 241 |
1990 | Monoclonius Dodson and Currie p. 611 |
1990 | Monoclonius Lehman p. 212 |
1997 | Monoclonius Dodson p. 12 |
1997 | Monoclonius Eberth p. 202 |
2004 | Monoclonius Dodson et al. p. 495 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Monoclonius Cope 1876
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Invalid names: Monoclonius fissus Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Monoclonius recurvicornis Cope 1889 [nomen dubium], Monoclonius sphenocerus Cope 1889 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
Reference | Diagnosis | |
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J. B. Hatcher et al. 1907 | "The chief distinctive characters of this genus are its small size, the diminutive supraorbital horn cores pointing directly upward; the short, broad, and widely fenestrated parietals; the short squamosals, as indicated by the squamosal border on the parietals in the type...the size and form of the parietals, squamosals, and supraorbital horn cores and the characters of the sacrum and the relative proportions of the fore and hind limbs, as described by Cope, may be considered as fairly diagnostic of the genus and as placing it on a valid foundation..." | |
B. Brown 1917 | Skull small to medium sized with three horns; nasal horn large, curved or straight, rising from middle of nasals immediately above the posterior border of the nares; supraorbital horns small or incipient. Nasals large; nares nearly separated by osseous septum formed by premaxillaries and nasals. Premaxilaries deep with vertical plate forming septum non-fenestrated. Crest composed of short, broad squamosals and extension of elongate coossified postfrontals or derm-supraoccipitals (parietals) perforated by large fenestrae; each fenestra wholly within the boundary of the derm-supraoccipitals. Margin of crest crenulated, each prominence bearing a separate ossification. A pair of long curved hook-like processes on posterior border of derm-supraoccipitals, orbit round, eye with sclerotic bony plates. |