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Mixosauridae

Reptilia - Mixosauridae

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1887Mixosauridae Baur
1930Mixosauridae Hay p. 124
1946Mixosauridae Kuhn p. 59
1951Mixosauridae von Huene p. 90
1971Mixosauridae Kuhn p. 21
1979Mixosauridae Appleby p. 944
1988Mixosauridae Carroll
2000Mixosauridae Maisch and Matzke pp. 94, 95
2000Mixosauridae Sander
2003Mixosauridae McGowan and Motani
2006Mixosauridae Jiang et al. p. 61
2007Mixosauridae Jiang et al.
2010Mixosauridae Maisch
2013Mixosauridae Liu et al.
2016Mixosauridae Ji et al. p. 8
2017Mixosauridae Moon
2019Mixosauridae Moon p. 145

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
RankNameAuthor
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Ichthyosauromorpha
Ichthyosauriformes
Ichthyopterygia(Owen 1840)
Eoichthyosauria
Ichthyosauria(de Blainville 1835)
Hueneosauria
familyMixosauridaeBaur 1887
familyMixosauridaeBaur 1887

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Mixosauridae Baur 1887
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G. †Barracudasauroides Maisch 2010
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Barracudasauroides panxianensis Jiang et al. 2006
G. †Barracudasaurus Jiang et al. 2005
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G. †Mixosaurus Baur 1887
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Mixosaurus cornalianus Bassani 1886
Mixosaurus kuhnschneyderi Brinkmann 1998
Mixosaurus xindianensis Chen and Cheng 2010
Invalid names: Mixosaurus helveticus von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus intermedius von Huene 1916 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus major Fraas 1891 [nomen dubium], Mixosaurus timorensis Broili 1931 [nomen dubium], Sangiorgiosaurus Brinkmann 1998 [synonym]
G. †Phalarodon Merriam 1910
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Phalarodon atavus Quenstedt 1852
Phalarodon callawayi Schmitz et al. 2004
Phalarodon fraasi Merriam 1910
+
Invalid names: Mixosaurus nordenskioeldi Hulke 1873 [synonym]
Phalarodon major Maisch and Matzke 2000
Subfm. †Phalarodontinae Maisch and Matzke 2001
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G. †Contectopalatus Maisch and Matzke 1998
Invalid names: Ancanamuninae Rusconi 1942 [empty], Mixosaurinae Baur 1887 [empty]
Diagnosis
ReferenceDiagnosis
D.-Y. Jiang et al. 2006Premaxilla posteriorly pointed, lacking supranarial process; dorsal margin of orbit formed by supraorbital crest; skull roof distinguished by long sagittal crest on nasal, frontal, and parietal; enlarged anterior terraces of upper temporal opening reaching nasal; mid-caudal vertebral centra with significant height increase.
D.-Y. Jiang et al. 2007"Premaxilla posteriorly narrow and nearly pointed, scarcely entering external naris; long sagittal crest reaching nasal; large anterior terrace of upper temporal fenestra, reaching nasal; pubis much larger than ischium; high, narrow neural spines; midcaudal vertebral centra with increased height."
J. Liu et al. 2013Mixosauridae is differentiated from other ichthyosaurs by possessing the following combination of autapomorphies (modified after Maisch and Matzke 2000a; Sander 2000; McGowan and Motani 2003; Schmitz et al. 2004; Jiang et al. 2006): premaxilla posteriorly pointed (convergent in Qianichthyosaurus); long sagittal crest reaching nasal; large anterior terrace of upper temporal fenestra reaching nasal; pubis much larger than ischium; distinctly high, narrow neural spines extending to the caudal peak; mid-caudal vertebral centra with increased size (absent in some specimens of Mixosaurus cornalianus); posterior teeth apparently more robust than anterior ones (convergent in Chaohusaurus and Grippia, and absent in Mixosaurus cornalianus and Phalarodon atavus); a pronounced notch present between the deltopectoral crest and the humeral head; distal carpal 1 slightly larger than other distal carpals; three middle metacarpals flattened, relatively short but still retaining constricted shafts.
C. Ji et al. 2016Premaxilla posteriorly pointed, without dorsal or ventral process, scarcely entering external naris; maxilla contact- ing prefrontal; nasal short, not contacting postfrontal; frontal dorsal exposure large; supraorbital crest on prefrontal and post- frontal present; parietal supratemporal process short; parietal ridge present; long sagittal crest reaching nasal, formed by parie- tal, frontal, and nasal; large anterior terrace of upper temporal fenestra, reaching nasal and exposure of upper temporal fenestra small; interclavicle posterior process triangular; metacarpal I peripheral shaft absent; manual pisiforms I and II present; pubis and ischium median symphysis present; pubis more than twice as large as ischium; remarkably high and narrow neural spines; mid-caudal vertebral centra with increased size.
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Environment: marineo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: nektonico
Diet: carnivoreo
Reproduction: viviparouso
Created: 2009-07-20 06:07:40
Modified: 2010-02-23 00:20:57
Source: o = order
Reference: Kiessling 2004

Age range: base of the Spathian to the top of the Late/Upper Triassic or 251.30000 to 201.30000 Ma

Collections (35 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Triassic252.17 - 201.3Germany (Bavaria) Mixosaurus intermedius (214577)
Triassic252.17 - 201.3Germany (Aargau) Mixosaurus helveticus (214578)
Smithian251.3 - 247.2Canada (British Columbia) Phalarodon fraasi, Mixosaurus nordenskioeldii (85452) Phalarodon nordenskioeldii (105083 152277)
Spathian251.3 - 247.2Svalbard and Jan Mayen Mixosaurus nordenskioeldi (149381)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Mixosaurus kuhnschnyderi (196553)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) Barracudasaurus maotaiensis (104866) Mixosaurus panxianensis (100295 100296 100298 100299 100300 100301)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Phalarodon major (196670)
Anisian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Sachsen-Anhalt) Mixosaurus atavus (138123)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Switzerland Mixosaurus cornalianus (175949)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0Italy Ichthyosaurus cornalianus (149323)
Illyrian247.2 - 242.0USA (Nevada) Mixosaurus callawayi (98011) Mixosaurus natans (102473)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Ichthyosaurus atavus (104759)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Yunnan) Mixosauridae indet. (97946) Mixosaurus atavus (123839)
Pelsonian247.2 - 242.0China (Guizhou) Mixosaurus panxianensis (97696 100297) Mixosaurus xindianensis (104825) Phalarodon fraasi (103987)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Switzerland Mixosaurus sp., Sangiorgiosaurus sp., Contectopalatus sp. (13344)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Switzerland (Kanton Tessin) Mixosaurus sp. (86837)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0Canada (British Columbia) Phalarodon nordenskioeldii (152278)
Anisian - Ladinian247.2 - 237.0USA (Nevada) Mixosaurus sp. (102378 102379)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0USA (Nevada) Phalarodon fraasi (34267)
Middle Triassic247.2 - 237.0China (Guizhou) Mixosaurus maotaiensis (37606)
Late/Upper Triassic237.0 - 201.3USA (Alaska) Mixosauridae indet. (112494)