PBDB Taxon

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Tapinocephalidae

Taxonomy

Tapinocephalidae was named by Owen (1876). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Tapinocephaloidea by Nopcsa (1923); to Dinocephalia by Boonstra (1969); to Titanosuchia by Kemp (1982); to Dinocephalia by Kuhn (1946) and Battail and Surkov (2000); and to Tapinocephalia by Haughton and Brink (1954), Carroll (1988) and Boos et al. (2015).

Subtaxa

Keratocephalus (syn. Pelosuchus), Lamiasaurus, Lamiasaurus newtoni, Moschopinae, Riebeeckosaurinae, Struthiocephalinae, Tapinocephalinae, Taurosaurus

Synonyms

Lamiasaurus was named by Watson (1914).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Boonstra (1969) and Kammerer (2011).

It was assigned to Moschopidae by Boonstra (1936).
Lamiasaurus newtoni was named by Watson (1914). Its type specimen is BMNH 49385, a partial skull, and it is a 3D body fossil.

It was considered a nomen dubium by Boonstra (1969) and Kammerer (2011).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1876	Tapinocephalidae Owen
1914	Lamiasaurus Watson
1914	Lamiasaurus newtoni Watson
1923	Tapinocephalidae Nopcsa
1936	Lamiasaurus Boonstra
1946	Tapinocephalidae Kuhn p. 57
1954	Tapinocephalidae Haughton and Brink p. 5
1969	Tapinocephalidae Boonstra
1982	Tapinocephalidae Kemp p. 348
1988	Tapinocephalidae Carroll
2000	Tapinocephalidae Battail and Surkov p. 101
2015	Tapinocephalidae Boos et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
—	Eutherapsida
suborder	Dinocephalia
infraorder	Tapinocephalia
family	Tapinocephalidae	Owen 1876
family	Tapinocephalidae	Owen 1876

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. †Tapinocephalidae Owen 1876

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G. †Keratocephalus Huene 1931

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†Keratocephalus moloch von Huene 1931

Invalid names: Pelosuchus priscus Broom [synonym]

Invalid names: Pelosuchus Broom 1905 [synonym]

Subfm. †Moschopinae Boonstra 1969

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G. †Avenantia Boonstra 1952

†Avenantia kruisvleiensis Boonstra 1952

G. †Criocephalosaurus Kammerer and Sidor 2002

†Criocephalosaurus vanderbyli Broom 1928

Invalid names: Criocephalus Broom 1928 [replaced]

G. †Delphinognathus Seeley 1892

†Delphinognathus conocephalus Seeley 1892

G. †Moschops Broom 1911

†Moschops capensis Broom 1911

Invalid names: Moschognathus whaitsi Broom 1914 [synonym]

†Moschops koupensis Boonstra 1957

Invalid names: Pnigalion oweni Watson 1914 [synonym]

†Moschops romeri Bryne 1937

Invalid names: Agnosaurus Boonstra 1952 [synonym], Agnosaurus pienaari Boonstra 1952 [nomen dubium], Moschognathus Broom 1914 [synonym], Moschoides Bryne 1937 [synonym], Pnigalion Watson 1914 [synonym]

Subfm. †Riebeeckosaurinae Boonstra 1969

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G. †Riebeeckosaurus Boonstra 1952

†Riebeeckosaurus longirostris Boonstra 1952

Subfm. †Struthiocephalinae Boonstra 1969

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G. †Struthiocephaloides Boonstra 1952

†Struthiocephaloides cavifrons Boonstra 1952

†Struthiocephaloides duplessisi Boonstra 1952

G. †Struthiocephalus Haughton 1915

†Struthiocephalus whaitsi Haughton 1915

Invalid names: Moschosaurus longicesps Haughton 1915 [synonym], Struthiocephalellus parvus Boonstra 1955 [synonym], Struthiocephalus akraalensis Boonstra 1952 [synonym], Struthiocephalus kitchingi Brink 1958 [synonym], Struthiocephalus milleri Olson and Broom 1937 [synonym], Struthiocephalus rheederi Broom 1937 [synonym]

Invalid names: Moschosaurus Haughton 1915 [synonym], Struthiocephalellus Boonstra 1955 [synonym]

G. †Struthionops Boonstra 1952

†Struthionops intermedius Boonstra 1952

G. †Taurocephalus Broom 1928

†Taurocephalus lerouxi Broom 1928

Subfm. †Tapinocephalinae Lydekker 1890

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G. †Mormosaurus Watson 1914

†Mormosaurus seeleyi Watson 1914

G. †Phocosaurus Seeley 1888

†Phocosaurus megischion Seeley 1888

G. †Tapinocaninus Rubidge 1991

†Tapinocaninus pamelae Rubidge 1991

G. †Tapinocephalus Owen

†Tapinocephalus atherstonii Owen 1876

Invalid names: Taurops macrodon Broom 1912 [synonym]

Invalid names: Taurops Broom 1912 [synonym]

Invalid names: Riebeeckosaurini Boonstra 1963 [empty], Struthiocephalini Boonstra 1963 [empty], Tapinocephalini Gregory 1962 [empty]

G. †Taurosaurus

Invalid names: Lamiasaurus Watson 1914 [nomen dubium], Lamiasaurus newtoni Watson 1914 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialuc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Created:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Modified:

2017-04-17 15:15:35

Source: c = class, subp = subphylum, uc = unranked clade

References: Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wordian to the top of the Capitanian or 266.90000 to 259.51000 Ma

Collections (33 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Guadalupian	273.01 - 259.51	South Africa (Western Cape)	Mormosaurus seeleyi (177007)
Guadalupian	273.01 - 259.51	Zambia (Southern)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (171619)
Wordian	266.9 - 264.28	South Africa (Western Cape)	Tapinocaninus pamelae (94649)
Wordian - Capitanian	266.9 - 259.51	Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (78657)
Wordian - Capitanian	266.9 - 259.51	Tanzania (Ruvuma)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (135686)
Wordian - Wuchiapingian	266.9 - 254.17	Brazil (Paraná)	Tapinocephalidae indet. (185753)
Capitanian	264.28 - 259.51	South Africa (Western Cape)	Criocephalosaurus sp. (171638 171639) Delphinognathus conocephalus, Moschognathus whaitsi (179623) Keratocephalus moloch (176244) Mormosaurus sp. (198710) Moschops capensis, Agnosaurus pienaari, Struthiocephaloides cavifrons (176250) Moschops romeri (13004) Moschops sp., Avenantia kruisvleiensis (198675) Moschops sp., Keratocephalus sp., Struthiocephaloides sp., Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Keratocephalus moloch (176355) Pelosuchus priscus (198664) Phocosaurus megischion (93086) Phocosaurus sp. (92646 176356) Pnigalion oweni (176349) Riebeeckosaurus longirostris (198717) Struthiocephalus intermedius, Criocephalus vanderbyli, Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Taurocephalus lerouxi, Keratocephalus moloch, Struthiocephalellus parvus (86388) Struthiocephalus kitchingi (92648) Struthiocephalus milleri (198720) Struthiocephalus rheederi (198702) Struthiocephalus whaitsi (93096 176314 198718 198723) Struthiocephalus whaitsi, Moschosaurus longicesps (31777) Tapinocephalus atherstonei (89650) Taurops macrodon (198663)
Wuchiapingian	259.9 - 254.17	South Africa (Eastern Cape)	Moschops capensis (144271)