PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Apteryx (kiwi)

Reptilia - Apterygiformes - Apterygidae

Taxonomy

Apteryx was named by Huxley (1867). It is extant.

It was assigned to Apterygidae by Carroll (1988), Worthy (1997), Worthy and Grant-Mackie (2003), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Clements et al. (2017).

Species

A. australis, A. haastii, A. mantelli, A. owenii, A. rowi

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1867	Apteryx Huxley
1988	Apteryx Carroll
1997	Apteryx Worthy p. 96
2003	Apteryx Worthy and Grant-Mackie p. 443
2014	Apteryx del Hoyo et al.
2017	Apteryx Clements et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
superorder	Palaeognathae	Pycraft 1900
—	Ratitae	(Merrem 1813)
superorder	Apterygimorphae
order	Apterygiformes
family	Apterygidae	Gray 1840
genus	Apteryx	Huxley 1867

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Apteryx Huxley 1867 [kiwi]

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Apteryx australis Shaw 1813 [Southern brown kiwi]

Apteryx haastii Potts 1872 [Great spotted kiwi]

Apteryx mantelli Bartlett 1851 [Northern brown kiwi]

Apteryx owenii Gould 1847 [Little spotted kiwi]

Apteryx rowi Tennyson et al. 2003 [Okarito kiwi]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:39:15

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:39:15

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Pleistocene to the top of the Holocene or 0.12900 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 0.0117 Ma

Collections (19 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Pleistocene	0.129 - 0.0117	New Zealand (South Island)	Apteryx australis (87810 87814)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene	0.129 - 0.0	New Zealand	Apteryx sp. (182828 182833 182838 182840)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	New Zealand (South Island)	Apteryx australis (215407 215410 215412 215414) Apteryx sp. (215403 215415) Apteryx sp., Apteryx australis, Apteryx owenii (215392)
Holocene	0.0117 - 0.0	New Zealand	Apteryx australis (194619 195150) Apteryx australis, Apteryx owenii (215577) Apteryx sp. (175901) Apteryx sp. juv., Apteryx australis (100554 194618)