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Coraciiformes

Reptilia - Coraciiformes

Taxonomy
Coraciiformes was named by Forbes (1884). It is extant.

It was reranked as the suborder Coraciiformes by Jaekel (1911); it was reranked as the unranked clade Coraciiformes by Mayr (2005).

It was assigned to Carinatae by Gadow (1898); to Coraciomorphae by Jaekel (1911); to Neognathae by Wetmore (1960) and Carroll (1988); to Neognathae by Mayr (2005); to Passerimorphae by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Picocoraciae by Mayr (2011); and to Aves by del Hoyo et al. (2014).

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1848Cryptornis Gervais
1848Cryptornis antiquus Gervais
1884Coraciiformes Forbes
1898Coraciiformes Gadow p. 36
1911Coraciiformes Jaekel p. 179
1933Cryptornis Lambrecht p. 630
1933Cryptornis antiquus Lambrecht p. 630
1960Coraciiformes Wetmore p. 29
1970Cryptornis Brunet p. 46
1970Cryptornis antiquus Brunet p. 46
1988Coraciiformes Carroll
2002Cryptornis Mlikovsky p. 226
2002Cryptornis antiquus Mlikovsky p. 226
2005Coraciiformes Mayr p. 319
2007Coraciiformes Livezey and Zusi p. 94
2011Coraciiformes Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5
2014Coraciiformes del Hoyo et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
Romeriida
Diapsida()
Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
Crocopoda
ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
RankNameAuthor
Eucrocopoda
Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
Ornithodira
Dinosauromorpha
Dinosauriformes
Dinosauria()
Theropoda()
Neotheropoda
AverostraPaul 2002
Tetanurae
Coelurosauria()
Maniraptora
Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
Neognathae(Pycraft 1900)
NeoavesSibley et al. 1988
Terrestrornithes
Dendrornithes
AnomalogonatesGarrod 1874
Picoclamatores
superorderPasserimorphaeSibley et al. 1988
orderCoraciiformesForbes 1884
orderCoraciiformesForbes 1884

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Or. Coraciiformes Forbes 1884
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Fm. Alcedinidae Rafinesque 1815 [kingfisher]
+
G. Alcedo Linnaeus 1758
+
Alcedo atthis Linnaeus 1758 [common kingfisher]
G. Ceryle Boie 1828
G. Dacelo Leach 1815 [kookaburra]
+
Dacelo gaudichaud Quoy and Gaimard 1824 [Rufous-bellied kookaburra]
Dacelo leachii Vigors and Horsfield 1826 [Blue-winged kookaburra]
Dacelo novaeguineae Hermann 1783 [Laughing kookaburra]
Dacelo tyro Gray 1858 [Spangled kookaburra]
Subfm. Halcyoninae Vigors 1825
+
G. Halcyon Swainson 1821
G. Melidora Lesson 1830
+
Melidora macrorrhina Lesson 1827 [Hook-billed kingfisher]
G. Megaceryle Kaup 1848
+
Megaceryle alcyon Linnaeus 1758 [belted kingfisher]
Megaceryle torquata Linnaeus 1766 [ringed kingfisher]
G. Todiramphus Lesson 1827
+
Todiramphus chloris Boddaert 1783 [collared kingfisher]
Todiramphus cinnamominus Swainson 1821 [Guam kingfisher]
Todiramphus godeffroyi Finsch 1877 [Marquesas kingfisher]
Todiramphus ruficollaris Holyoak 1974 [mewing kingfisher]
+
Invalid names: Halcyon mangaia Holyoak 1975 [objective synonym]
Todiramphus sanctus Vigors and Horsfield 1827 [sacred kingfisher]
Todiramphus tutus Gmelin 1788 [chattering kingfisher]
Invalid names: Alcedininae Bonaparte 1831 [empty], Cerylinae Reichenbach 1851 [empty]
+
G. †Quasisyndactylus Mayr 1998
+
Fm. Brachypteraciidae Bonaparte 1854 [ground roller]
+
G. Atelornis Pucheran 1846 [ground roller]
+
Atelornis pittoides Lafresnaye 1834 [Pitta-like ground-roller]
G. Brachypteracias Lafresnaye 1834 [ground roller]
+
Brachypteracias langrandi Goodman 2000 [Ampoza ground roller]
Brachypteracias leptosomus Lesson 1833 [Short-legged ground-roller]
G. Geobiastes Sharpe 1871 [ground roller]
G. Uratelornis Rothschild 1895 [great albatross]
Subor. Coracii Wetmore and Miller 1926
+
Infraor. Coraciides
+
Invalid names: Leptosomatoidea [empty]
G. †Eocoracias Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
+
Eocoracias brachyptera Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
Fm. †Geranopteridae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
+
G. †Geranopterus Milne-Edwards 1892
+
Geranopterus alatus Milne-Edwards 1892
Geranopterus bohemicus Mlikovsky 1999
Geranopterus milneedwardsi Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000
G. †Laputavis Dyke 2001
+
Laputavis robusta Dyke 2001
Invalid names: Laputa Dyke 2001 [replaced]
G. †Paracoracias Clarke et al. 2009
+
Paracoracias occidentalis Clarke et al. 2009
G. †Primobucco Brodkorb 1970
+
Primobucco frugilegus Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004
Primobucco kistneri Feduccia 1973
Primobucco mcgrewi Brodkorb 1970
Primobucco perneri Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004
G. †Septencoracias Bourdon 2016
+
Septencoracias simillimus Mayr and Kitchener 2024
Invalid names: Atelornithidae [empty], Meropides [empty], Primobucconidae Feduccia and Martin 1976 [invalid subgroup]
Fm. Coraciidae Vigors 1825 [roller]
+
G. Coracias Linnaeus 1758 [roller]
+
Coracias caudatus Linnaeus 1766 [Lilac-breasted roller]
Coracias garrulus Linnaeus 1758 [European roller]
G. Eurystomus Vieillot 1816
+
Eurystomus glaucurus Statius Muller 1776 [broad-billed roller]
Subor. †Halcyones
+
Invalid names: Alcedinoidea [empty], Momotoidea [empty]
Fm. Meropidae Vigors 1825
+
G. Merops Linnaeus 1758
+
Merops apiaster Linnaeus 1758 [European bee-eater]
Merops ornatus Latham 1801 [Rainbow bee-eater]
Merops superciliosus Linnaeus 1766 [Madagascar bee-eater]
Fm. Momotidae Gray 1840 [motmot]
+
G. Momotus Brisson 1760
+
Momotus lessonii Lesson 1842 [Lesson's motmot]
Momotus momota Linnaeus 1766 [Amazonian motmot]
Invalid names: Prionites Illiger 1811 [synonym]
G. †Parvicuculus Harrison and Walker 1977
+
Parvicuculus minor Harrison and Walker 1977
Fm. Todidae Vigors 1825
+
G. †Palaeotodus Olson 1976
+
Palaeotodus escampsensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
Palaeotodus itardiensis Mourer-Chauviré 1985
G. †Protornis von Meyer 1844
+
Protornis glarniensis Meyer 1844
G. Todus Brisson 1760
+
Todus angustirostris Lafresnaye 1851 [narrow-billed tody]
Todus subulatus Gray 1847 [broad-billed tody]
G. †Ueekenkcoracias Degrange et al. 2021
+
Ueekenkcoracias tambussiae Degrange et al. 2021
Invalid names: Coracioidea [empty], Cryptornis Gervais 1848 [nomen dubium], Cryptornis antiquus Gervais 1848 [nomen dubium], Eocoraciidae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000 [empty], Striges [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Holocene or 55.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (72 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (West Flanders) Septencoracias sp. (68430)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom Coracii indet., Primobucco sp., Septencoracias morsensis, Laputa robusta, Septencoracias simillimus (85229)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) Parvicuculus minor (204217) Septencoracias morsensis (224382)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Australia (Queensland) Passeriformes indet. (59088)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Virginia) Parvicuculus sp. (15595)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Primobucco kistneri (67863) Primobucco mcgrewi (81452)
MP 8 + 955.8 - 48.6France (Picardie) Primobucconidae indet. (84997)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) Coraciiformes indet. (16296)
MP 1148.6 - 40.4Germany (Hessen) Eocoracias brachyptera (22701) Eocoracias brachyptera, Primobucco perneri (138656) Primobucco frugilegus (120798)
Middle Eocene47.8 - 37.71Germany (Hesse) Quasisyndactylus longibrachis (140304)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Ile-de-France Region) Cryptornis antiquus (31739)
Late/Upper Eocene37.2 - 33.9France (Quercy) Geranopterus milneedwardsi (12850)
MP 1837.2 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Geranopterus alatus (12851)
MP 1937.2 - 33.9France Geranopterus alatus (84656 84657 84658)
MP 1937.2 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) Geranopterus alatus (12845 12846)
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Germany (Baden-Württemberg) Palaeotodus itardiensis, Palaeotodus itardiensis (68021)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Florida) Coraciiformes indet. (18597)
early Early Hemphillian - late Early Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (Florida) Momotidae indet. (18539)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Ceryle torquata (19750)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Megaceryle alcyon (82258 103991)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Tonga Halcyon chloris (194699)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Spain Coracias garrulus (197938)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) Halcyon sp. (68064 68068 193376 193418 193419 193420 193421) Halcyoninae indet. (193388 193417) Halcyoninae indet., Halcyon sp. (193387 193390)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Australia (South Australia) Dacelo novaeguineae (136157)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Megaceryle alcyon (20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Papua New Guinea Alcedo atthis (194694)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Dominican Republic Todus angustirostris, Todus subulatus (194485)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Tonga Halcyon chloris (194698 194717)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Madagascar Eurystomus glaucurus (195018)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Vanuatu (Efate) Todiramphus chloris (185434)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France (Corse) Coracias garrulus (215376)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Yemen Coracias garrulus (169046)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Guam Halcyon cinnamomina (208644)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia Halcyon godeffroyi (193468 193471 194746) Halcyon tuta (194675)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tonga Halcyon chloris (194700 194751)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Haiti Todus angustirostris (194483)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Mexico (Chiapas) Momotidae indet., Ceryle torquata, Momotus momota (195047)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar (Beanka) Eurystomus glaucurus (205190 205193)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Cook Islands Halcyon mangaia (194756) Halcyon tuta (97455 193455 193456)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar Brachypteracias langrandi (195019) Merops superciliosus (195020)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0French Polynesia (Society Islands) Halcyon tuta (215325)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0New Caledonia Halcyon sancta (193985) Todiramphus sanctus (193986 193987)