PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Coracii

Reptilia - Coraciiformes

Taxonomy

Coracii was named by Wetmore and Miller (1926). It is extant.

It was assigned to Coraciiformes by Lambrecht (1933), Olson (1985), Carroll (1988), Livezey and Zusi (2007) and Clarke et al. (2009); and to Coraciiformes by Mayr (2022).

Subtaxa

Atelornithidae, Coraciides, Eocoracias, Geranopteridae, Laputavis (syn. Laputa), Meropides, Paracoracias, Primobucco, Primobucconidae, Septencoracias

Synonyms

Primobucconidae was named by Feduccia and Martin (1976).

It was considered an invalid subgroup of Coracii by Clarke et al. (2009).

It was assigned to Galbulae by Feduccia and Martin (1976); to Coraciiformes by Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré (2004); to Coraciiformes by Mayr (2005); and to Coracii by Olson (1985), Carroll (1988) and Mayr (2022).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1926	Coracii Wetmore and Miller
1933	Coracii Lambrecht p. 627
1976	Primobucconidae Feduccia and Martin
1985	Coracii Olson p. 125
1985	Primobucconidae Olson p. 127
1988	Coracii Carroll
1988	Primobucconidae Carroll
2004	Primobucconidae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré p. 3
2005	Primobucconidae Mayr p. 319
2007	Coracii Livezey and Zusi p. 94
2009	Coracii Clarke et al. p. 589
2022	Coracii Mayr p. 209 figs. Fig. 10.8
2022	Primobucconidae Mayr p. 209

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
—	Sauropsida
class	Reptilia
subclass	Eureptilia	()
—	Romeriida
—	Diapsida	()
—	Archosauromorpha	(Huene 1946)
—	Crocopoda
—	Archosauriformes	Gauthier 1986
—	Eucrocopoda

Rank	Name	Author
—	Archosauria	()
informal	Avemetatarsalia
—	Ornithodira
—	Dinosauromorpha
—	Dinosauriformes
—	Dinosauria	()
—	Theropoda	()
—	Neotheropoda
—	Averostra	Paul 2002
—	Tetanurae
—	Coelurosauria	()
—	Maniraptora
—	Paraves
class	Aves
subclass	Neornithes	Gadow 1893
—	Neognathae	(Pycraft 1900)
—	Neoaves	Sibley et al. 1988
—	Terrestrornithes
—	Dendrornithes
—	Anomalogonates	Garrod 1874
—	Picoclamatores
superorder	Passerimorphae	Sibley et al. 1988
order	Coraciiformes	Forbes 1884
suborder	Coracii	Wetmore and Miller 1926
suborder	Coracii	Wetmore and Miller 1926

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Subor. Coracii Wetmore and Miller 1926

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Infraor. Coraciides

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Invalid names: Leptosomatoidea [empty]

G. †Eocoracias Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000

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†Eocoracias brachyptera Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000

Fm. †Geranopteridae Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000

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G. †Geranopterus Milne-Edwards 1892

†Geranopterus alatus Milne-Edwards 1892

†Geranopterus bohemicus Mlikovsky 1999

†Geranopterus milneedwardsi Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2000

G. †Laputavis Dyke 2001

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†Laputavis robusta Dyke 2001

Invalid names: Laputa Dyke 2001 [replaced]

G. †Paracoracias Clarke et al. 2009

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†Paracoracias occidentalis Clarke et al. 2009

G. †Primobucco Brodkorb 1970

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†Primobucco frugilegus Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004

†Primobucco kistneri Feduccia 1973

†Primobucco mcgrewi Brodkorb 1970

†Primobucco perneri Mayr and Mourer-Chauviré 2004

G. †Septencoracias Bourdon 2016

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†Septencoracias simillimus Mayr and Kitchener 2024

Invalid names: Atelornithidae [empty], Meropides [empty], Primobucconidae Feduccia and Martin 1976 [invalid subgroup]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

hydroxyapatiteo

Entire body:

yeso

Adult length:

10 to < 100o

Adult width:

1.0 to < 10o

Adult height:

1.0 to < 10o

Architecture:

compact or denseo

Ontogeny:

accretion, modification of partso

Grouping:

solitaryo

Environment:

terrestrialo

Locomotion:

actively mobileo

Life habit:

ground dwellingo

Diet:

carnivoresubo

Reproduction:

oviparouso

Dispersal:

direct/internalo

Dispersal 2:

mobileo

Created:

2009-01-03 20:39:15

Modified:

2009-01-03 22:39:15

Source: subo = suborder, o = order

References: Benton 1983, Marsh 1875

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the MP 18 or 55.80000 to 33.90000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 50.3 Ma

Collections (16 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom	Coracii indet., Primobucco sp., Septencoracias morsensis, Laputa robusta, Septencoracias simillimus (85229)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	United Kingdom (England)	Septencoracias morsensis (224382)
Ypresian	56.0 - 47.8	Belgium (West Flanders)	Septencoracias sp. (68430)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	Primobucco kistneri (67863) Primobucco mcgrewi (81452)
MP 8 + 9	55.8 - 48.6	France (Picardie)	Primobucconidae indet. (84997)
MP 11	48.6 - 40.4	Germany (Hessen)	Eocoracias brachyptera (22701) Eocoracias brachyptera, Primobucco perneri (138656) Primobucco frugilegus (120798)
Late/Upper Eocene	37.2 - 33.9	France (Quercy)	Geranopterus milneedwardsi (12850)
MP 18	37.2 - 33.9	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	Geranopterus alatus (12851)
MP 19	37.2 - 33.9	France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region)	Geranopterus alatus (12845 12846)
MP 19	37.2 - 33.9	France	Geranopterus alatus (84656 84657 84658)