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Titanis
Taxonomy
Titanis was named by Brodkorb (1963).
It was assigned to Phorusrhacidae by Carroll (1988); and to Phorusrhacinae by Brodkorb (1963), Mourer-Chauviré (1981), Alvarenga and Holfing (2003), Gould and Quitmyer (2005) and Bertelli et al. (2007).
It was assigned to Phorusrhacidae by Carroll (1988); and to Phorusrhacinae by Brodkorb (1963), Mourer-Chauviré (1981), Alvarenga and Holfing (2003), Gould and Quitmyer (2005) and Bertelli et al. (2007).
Species
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1963 | Titanis Brodkorb p. 111 figs. Figure 1, 2 |
| 1981 | Titanis Mourer-Chauviré p. 643 |
| 1988 | Titanis Carroll |
| 2003 | Titanis Alvarenga and Holfing p. 75 |
| 2005 | Titanis Gould and Quitmyer p. 205 figs. Table 2 |
| 2007 | Titanis Bertelli et al. p. 415 figs. Table 2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| P. Brodkorb 1963 | Referable to the family Phorusrhacidae,subfamily Phorus- rhacinae, on the basis of: gigantic size; distal foramen of tarsometatarsus bifurcate,withforamenforextensorbrevisdigitiIV openingthroughdistal end of shelf bounding outer intermetatarsalspace (confluent with foramen for tibialis anticus artery on plantar surface of shaft in Brontornithidae, separate but on plantar face in Rheidae); lower end of shaft not bilaterally expanded (flaring toward roots of trochleae in Rheidae); plantar surface of shaft flat above trochleae (concave in comparablegroups); trochleae nearly on a plane (strongly arched in Psilopteridae and Rheidae); poste- rior wings of trochleae obsolete (well developed in Psilopteridae) |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order | |||||
| References: Witmer and Rose 1991, Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range: base of the Early/Lower Pliocene to the top of the Gelasian or 5.33300 to 1.80600 Ma
Collections (4 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early/Lower Pliocene | USA (Texas) | T. walleri (190634) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | T. walleri (19758 20384 190641) |