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Rallidae (rail)
Taxonomy
Rallidae was named by Vigors (1825). It is extant. Its type is Rallus.
It was assigned to Gruioidea by Hay (1902); to Gruiformes by Zittel (1890) and Jaekel (1911); to Ralloidae by Hay (1930); to Ralloidea by Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); to Ralli by Brunet (1970) and Carroll (1988); to Gruiformes by Mayr (2005); to Ralliformes by Lambrecht (1933), Brodkorb (1967) and Livezey and Zusi (2007); and to Gruiformes by Wetmore (1933), Olson (1975), Harrison and Walker (1976), Olson and James (1982), Rasmussen et al. (1987), Olson and James (1991), Emslie (1992), Baird (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mourer-Chauviré et al. (2004), Worthy et al. (2007), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
It was assigned to Gruioidea by Hay (1902); to Gruiformes by Zittel (1890) and Jaekel (1911); to Ralloidae by Hay (1930); to Ralloidea by Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); to Ralli by Brunet (1970) and Carroll (1988); to Gruiformes by Mayr (2005); to Ralliformes by Lambrecht (1933), Brodkorb (1967) and Livezey and Zusi (2007); and to Gruiformes by Wetmore (1933), Olson (1975), Harrison and Walker (1976), Olson and James (1982), Rasmussen et al. (1987), Olson and James (1991), Emslie (1992), Baird (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mourer-Chauviré et al. (2004), Worthy et al. (2007), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017) and Worthy and Nguyen (2020).
Subtaxa
Amaurornis (syn. Poliolimnas), Aphanocrex, Aramides, Atlantisia, Australlus, Capellirallus, Coturnicops, Crex, Cyanolimnas, Dryolimnas, Eocrex, Erythromachus, Fulica, Fulicaletornis, Fulicinae, Gallinula, Gallinulinae, Gallirallus (syn. Tricholimnas, Hypotaenidia, Ocydromus), Hapalocrex, Himantornithinae, Hovacrex, Ibidopsis, Laterallus, Latipons, Lewinia, Ludiortyx, Megagallinula, Microtribonyx, Miofulica, Miorallus, Montirallus, Mundia, Nesoclopeus, Nesolimnas, Nesotrochis, Palaeoaramides (syn. Tertiariaporphyrula, Pararallus), Palaeorallus, Paraortygometra, Pardirallus, Parvirallus, Pediorallus, Pleistorallus, Porphyrio (syn. Porphyrula, Notornis, Ionornis), Porzana, Quercyrallus, Rallicrex, Rallina, Rallinae, Rallus (syn. Epirallus) (type genus), Sarothrurinae, Tribonyx, Vitirallus, Wanshuina, Youngornis, Zapornia
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Rallidae Vigors |
| 1890 | Rallidae Zittel p. 846 |
| 1902 | Rallidae Hay p. 528 |
| 1911 | Rallidae Jaekel p. 175 |
| 1930 | Rallidae Hay p. 333 |
| 1933 | Rallidae Lambrecht p. 461 |
| 1933 | Rallidae Wetmore p. 12 |
| 1940 | Rallidae Wetmore p. 51 |
| 1956 | Rallidae Wetmore p. 62 |
| 1967 | Rallidae Brodkorb p. 112 |
| 1970 | Rallidae Brunet p. 27 |
| 1975 | Rallidae Olson p. 24 |
| 1976 | Rallidae Harrison and Walker p. 342 |
| 1982 | Rallidae Olson and James p. 35 |
| 1987 | Rallidae Rasmussen et al. p. 5 |
| 1988 | Rallidae Carroll |
| 1991 | Rallidae Olson and James p. 49 |
| 1992 | Rallidae Baird p. 26 |
| 1992 | Rallidae Emslie p. 260 |
| 2001 | Rallidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 292 |
| 2004 | Rallidae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 309 |
| 2005 | Rallidae Mayr p. 318 |
| 2007 | Rallidae Livezey and Zusi p. 92 |
| 2007 | Rallidae Worthy et al. p. 21 |
| 2014 | Rallidae del Hoyo et al. |
| 2017 | Rallidae Clements et al. |
| 2020 | Rallidae Worthy and Nguyen p. 85 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Rallidae Vigors 1825 [rail]
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G. Amaurornis Reichenbach 1853
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Amaurornis cinerea Vieillot 1819 [white-browed crake]
Amaurornis isabellina Schlegel 1865 [Isabelline bush-hen]
Amaurornis magnirostris Lambert 1998 [Talaud bush-hen]
Amaurornis marginalis Hartlaub 1857 [Striped crake]
Amaurornis moluccana Wallace 1865 [Pale-vented bush-hen]
Amaurornis olivacea Meyen 1834 [plain bush-hen]
Amaurornis phoenicurus Pennant 1769 [white-breasted waterhen]
Invalid names: Poliolimnas Sharpe 1893 [synonym]
G. Aramides Pucheran 1845
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Aramides cajaneus Statius Muller 1776 [Gray-necked wood-rail]
Aramides saracura Spix 1825 [Slaty-breasted wood-rail]
G. Atlantisia Lowe 1923
G. †Australlus Worthy and Boles 2011
+
†Australlus disneyi Boles 2005
†Australlus gagensis Worthy and Boles 2011
G. Coturnicops Gray 1825
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†Coturnicops avita Feduccia 1968
Coturnicops noveboracensis Gmelin 1789 [yellow rail]
G. Dryolimnas Sharpe 1893
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†Dryolimnas augusti Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1999 [Réunion rail]
Dryolimnas cuvieri Pucheran 1845 [white-throated rail]
G. Fulica Linnaeus 1758
+
Fulica alai Peale 1848 [Hawaiian coot]
Fulica ardesiaca Tschudi 1843 [Andean coot]
Fulica armillata Vieillot 1817 [red-gartered coot]
†Fulica chathamensis Forbes 1892 [Chatham coot]
†Fulica chathamensis chathamensis Olson 1975
Fulica cornuta Bonaparte 1853 [Horned coot]
Fulica cristata Gmelin 1789 [red-knobbed coot]
Fulica gigantea Eydoux and Souleyet 1841 [Giant coot]
†Fulica infelix Brodkorb 1961
Fulica leucoptera Vieillot 1817 [white-winged coot]
†Fulica newtonii Milne-Edwards 1867 [Mascarene coot]
†Fulica picapicensis Fisher and Stephan 1971
†Fulica podagrica Brodkorb 1965 [coot]
†Fulica prisca Hamilton 1893 [New Zealand coot]
Fulica rufifrons Philppi and Landbeck 1861 [red-fronted coot]
†Fulica stekelesi Tchernov 1968
G. †Fulicaletornis Lambrecht 1933
Subfm. †Fulicinae Nitzsch 1820
+
G. †Nesophalaris Brodkorb and Dawson 1962
G. †Palaeolimnas Forbes 1892
G. Gallinula Brisson 1760 [moorhen]
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†Gallinula balcanica Boev 1997
Gallinula chloropus Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian moorhen]
+
Invalid names: Gallinula brodkorbi McCoy 1963 [synonym]
†Gallinula gigantea Tchernov 1980
†Gallinula hodgenorum Scarlett 1955 [Hodgen's rail]
†Gallinula kansarum Brodkorb 1967
†Gallinula peralta De Vis 1892
†Gallinula strenuipes De Vis 1888
Gallinula tenebrosa Gould 1846 [dusky moorhen]
G. Gallirallus Lafresnaye 1841
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†Gallirallus astolfoi Salvador et al. 2021
Gallirallus australis Sparrman 1786 [weka]
†Gallirallus dieffenbachii Gray 1843 [Dieffenbach's rail]
†Gallirallus epulare Kirchman and Steadman 2007 [Nuku Hiva rail]
†Gallirallus gracilitibia Kirchman and Steadman 2007 [Ua Huka rail]
†Gallirallus huiatua Steadman et al. 2000
†Gallirallus insignis Forbes 1892
Gallirallus lafresnayanus Verreaux and des Murs 1860 [New Caledonian rail]
†Gallirallus minor Hamilton 1892
†Gallirallus modestus Hutton 1872 [Chatham Islands rail]
Gallirallus okinawae Yamashina and Mano 1981 [Okinawa rail]
Gallirallus owstoni Rothschild 1895 [Guam rail]
Gallirallus philippensis Linnaeus 1766 [buff-banded rail]
†Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis Hutton 1879 [Macquarie Island rail]
†Gallirallus ripleyi Steadman 1987 [Mangaia rail]
†Gallirallus roletti Kirchman and Steadman 2007 [Tahuata rail]
†Gallirallus storrsolsoni Kirchman and Steadman 2006
†Gallirallus vekamatolu Kirchman and Steadman 2005 [Eua rail]
Invalid names: Hypotaenidia Reichenbach 1853 [synonym], Ocydromus Wagler 1830 [synonym], Tricholimnas Sharpe 1893 [synonym]
Subfm. Himantornithinae Bonaparte 1856
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G. Himantornis Hartlaub 1855 [Nkulengu rails]
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Himantornis haematopus Hartlaub 1855 [Nkulengu rail]
G. Laterallus Bonaparte 1854
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Laterallus exilis Temminck 1831 [gray-breasted crake]
+
Invalid names: Laterallus guti Brodkorb 1952 [synonym]
†Laterallus insignis Feduccia 1968
Laterallus jamaicensis Gmelin 1789 [Black rail]
Laterallus melanophaius Vieillot 1819 [Rufous-sided crake]
G. †Latipons Harrison and Walker 1979
+
†Latipons gardneri Harrison and Walker 1979
†Latipons robinsoni Harrison and Walker 1979
G. †Microtribonyx Sharpe 1892
G. †Nesotrochis Wetmore 1918 [cave-rail]
+
†Nesotrochis debooyi Wetmore 1918
†Nesotrochis steganinos Olson 1974
G. †Palaeoaramides Lambrecht 1933
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†Palaeoaramides beaumontii Milne-Edwards 1869
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Invalid names: Rallus dispar Milne-Edwards 1871 [synonym]
†Palaeoaramides christyi Milne-Edwards 1871
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Invalid names: Rallus eximius Milne-Edwards 1869 [synonym]
†Palaeoaramides lungi Kurochkin and Ganea 1972
†Palaeoaramides minutus Cracraft 1973
Invalid names: Pararallus Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Tertiariaporphyrula Kurochkin and Ganea 1972 [synonym]
G. †Palaeorallus Wetmore 1931
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†Palaeorallus brodkorbi Cracraft 1973
†Palaeorallus troxelli Wetmore 1931
G. †Parvirallus Harrison and Walker 1979
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†Parvirallus bassetti Harrison 1984
†Parvirallus gassoni Harrison 1984
†Parvirallus gracilis Harrison and Walker 1979
†Parvirallus medius Harrison 1984
G. †Pediorallus Harrison and Walker 1977
G. Porphyrio Brisson 1760
+
†Porphyrio albus White 1790 [White swamphen]
Porphyrio alleni Thomson 1842 [Allen's gallinule]
†Porphyrio caerulescens Selys Longchamps 1848 [Reunion gallinule]
Porphyrio flavirostris Gmelin 1789 [Azure gallinule]
Porphyrio hochstetteri Meyer 1883 [South Island takahe]
†Porphyrio kukwiedei Balouet and Olson 1989 [New Caledonia gallinule]
†Porphyrio mackintoshi De Vis 1892
†Porphyrio mantelli Owen 1848 [North Island takahe]
Porphyrio martinica Linnaeus 1766 [purple gallinule]
Porphyrio martinicus Linnaeus 1766 [purple gallinule]
†Porphyrio mcnabi Kirchman and Steadman 2006
Porphyrio melanotus Temminck 1820 [Australasian swamphen]
+
Porphyrio melanotus samoensis Peale 1848
†Porphyrio melanotus nujagura Boles and Mackness 1994
†Porphyrio paepae Steadman 1988 [Marquesan swamphen]
Porphyrio porphyrio Linnaeus 1758 [western swamphen]
†Porphyrio porphyrio nujagura Boles and Backness 1994
Invalid names: Ionornis Reichebach 1853 [synonym], Notornis Owen 1848 [synonym], Porphyrula Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
G. Porzana Vieillot 1816
+
Porzana albicollis Vieillot 1819 [Ash-throated crake]
†Porzana astrictocarpus Olson 1973 [Saint Helena crake]
Porzana carolina Linnaeus 1758 [sora]
†Porzana estramosi Jánossy 1979
Porzana fasciata Sclater and Salvin 1868 [Black-banded crake]
Porzana fluminea Gould 1843 [Australian crake]
†Porzana keplerorum Olson and James 1991
†Porzana menehune Olson and James 1991
†Porzana piercei Olson and Wingate 2000 [lesser Bermuda crake]
Porzana porzana Linnaeus 1766 [spotted crake]
†Porzana ralphorum Olson and James 1991
†Porzana rua Steadman 1987 [Mangaia crake]
†Porzana severnsi Olson and James 1991
Porzana spiloptera Durnford 1877 [Dot-winged crake]
†Porzana ziegleri Olson and James 1991
G. †Quercyrallus Lambrecht 1933
+
†Quercyrallus arenarius Milne-Edwards 1891
†Quercyrallus ludianus Brodkorb 1963
†Quercyrallus quercy Cracraft 1973
G. †Rallicrex Lambrecht 1933
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†Rallicrex kolozsvarensis Lambrecht 1933
†Rallicrex polgardiensis Jánossy 1991
G. Rallina Gray 1846
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Rallina eurizonoides Lafresnaye 1845 [slaty-legged crake]
Rallina tricolor Gray 1858 [red-necked crake]
Subfm. Rallinae Vigors 1825
+
G. †Aphanapteryx Frauenfeld 1868
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†Aphanapteryx bonasia Frauenfeld 1868 [red rail]
+
Invalid names: Didus broeckii Schegel 1854 [synonym]
G. †Belgirallus Mayr and Smith 2001
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†Belgirallus minutus Mayr and Smith 2001
†Belgirallus oligocaenus Mayr and Smith 2001
G. †Eulabeornis Gould 1844 [Chestnut rail]
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†Eulabeornis castaneoventris Gould 1844 [Chestnut rail]
G. Gymnocrex Salvadori 1875 [rails]
+
Gymnocrex plumbeiventris Gray 1862 [Bare-eyed rail]
Gymnocrex rosenbergii Schlegel 1866 [Blue-faced rail]
Gymnocrex talaudensis Lambert 1998 [Talaud rail]
G. Pareudiastes Hartlaub and Finsch 1871 [moorhen]
+
Pareudiastes pacificus Hartlaub and Finsch 1871 [Samoan moorhen]
Pareudiastes silvestris Mayr 1933 [Makira moorhen]
G. Rallus Linnaeus 1758
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Rallus aquaticus Linnaeus 1758 [water rail]
†Rallus cyanocavi Steadman et al. 2013
Rallus elegans Audubon 1834 [king rail]
†Rallus ibycus Olson and Wingate 2000 [lesser Bermuda rail]
Rallus limicola Vieillot 1819 [Virginia rail]
+
Invalid names: Porzana auffenbergi Brodkorb 1954 [synonym]
Rallus longirostris Boddaert 1783 [mangrove rail]
†Rallus natator Miller 1942
†Rallus phillipsi Wetmore 1957
†Rallus prenticei Wetmore 1944
†Rallus recessus Olson and Wingate 2001 [flightless rail]
†Rallus sumiderensis Fischer and Stephan 1971
Rallus virginianus Linnaeus 1766
Invalid names: Epirallus Miller 1942 [synonym]
G. Tribonyx Du Bus de Gisignies 1840
+
†Tribonyx effluxus De Vis 1892
Tribonyx hodgenorum Olson 1986 [Hodgen's waterhen]
Tribonyx mortierii Du Bus de Gisignies 1840 [Tasmanian nativehen]
†Tribonyx mortierii repertus De Vis 1888
Tribonyx ventralis Gould 1837 [black-tailed nativehen]
G. †Youngornis Yeh 1981
G. Zapornia Leach 1816
+
Zapornia atra North 1908 [Henderson Island crake]
Zapornia flavirostra Swainson 1837 [Black crake]
Zapornia fusca Linnaeus 1766 [ruddy-breasted crake]
Zapornia parva Scopoli 1769 [Little crake]
Zapornia pusilla Pallas 1776 [Baillon's crake]
†Zapornia sandwichensis Gmelin 1789 [Hawaiian rail]
Zapornia tabuensis Gmelin 1789 [spotless crake]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available