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Taxonomy
Ardea was named by Linnaeus (1758). It is extant. Its type is Ardea cinerea. It is the type genus of Ardeidae, Ardeinae, Ardeoidea.
It was assigned to Herodiones by Shufeldt (1891); to Phalacrocoracidae by Howard (1972); to Ardeinae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956) and Becker (1985); and to Ardeidae by Hay (1902), Gaillard (1908), Lambrecht (1933), Brodkorb (1955), Brunet (1970), Carroll (1988), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mlikovsky (2002), Louchart et al. (2008), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017) and Worthy and Burley (2019).
It was assigned to Herodiones by Shufeldt (1891); to Phalacrocoracidae by Howard (1972); to Ardeinae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1940), Wetmore (1956) and Becker (1985); and to Ardeidae by Hay (1902), Gaillard (1908), Lambrecht (1933), Brodkorb (1955), Brunet (1970), Carroll (1988), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mlikovsky (2002), Louchart et al. (2008), del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017) and Worthy and Burley (2019).
Species
A. alba, A. aurelianensis, A. brachyrhyncha, A. brunhuberi, A. cinerea (type species), A. cocoi, A. effosa, A. formosa, A. goliath, A. herodias, A. humbloti, A. insignis, A. intermedia, A. latipes, A. lignitum, A. melanocephala, A. modesta, A. pacifica, A. paloccidentalis, A. piveteaui, A. plumifera, A. polkensis, A. purpurea, A. sumatrana
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1758 | Ardea Linnaeus p. 141 |
| 1822 | Herodias Boie |
| 1842 | Casmerodius Gloger |
| 1891 | Ardea Shufeldt p. 819 |
| 1902 | Ardea Hay p. 531 |
| 1908 | Ardea Gaillard p. 86 |
| 1930 | Ardea Hay p. 294 |
| 1930 | Herodias Hay p. 295 |
| 1933 | Ardea Lambrecht p. 312 |
| 1940 | Ardea Wetmore p. 14 |
| 1940 | Casmerodius Wetmore p. 14 |
| 1955 | Ardea Brodkorb p. 17 |
| 1956 | Ardea Wetmore p. 18 |
| 1956 | Casmerodius Wetmore p. 19 |
| 1970 | Ardea Brunet p. 16 |
| 1972 | Ardea Howard p. 8 |
| 1985 | Ardea Becker p. 25 |
| 1988 | Ardea Carroll |
| 1992 | Ardea Emslie p. 252 |
| 1992 | Ardea Guthrie p. 321 |
| 2001 | Ardea Olson and Rasmussen p. 295 |
| 2002 | Ardea Mlikovsky p. 68 |
| 2008 | Ardea Louchart et al. p. 156 |
| 2014 | Ardea del Hoyo et al. |
| 2017 | Ardea Clements et al. |
| 2019 | Ardea Worthy and Burley |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. Ardea Linnaeus 1758 [heron]
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Ardea alba Linnaeus 1758 [great egret]
Ardea alba egretta Gmelin 1789
†Ardea aurelianensis Milne-Edwards 1871
Ardea brachyrhyncha Brehm 1854 [Yellow-billed egret]
†Ardea brunhuberi von Ammon 1911
Ardea cinerea Linnaeus 1758 [gray heron]
Ardea cocoi Linnaeus 1766 [cocoi heron]
†Ardea effosa von Meyer 1843
†Ardea formosa Milne-Edwards 1871
Ardea goliath Cretzschmar 1827 [Goliath heron]
Ardea herodias Linnaeus 1758 [great blue heron]
Ardea humbloti Milne-Edwards and Grandidier 1885 [Humblot's heron]
Ardea insignis Hume 1878 [White-bellied heron]
Ardea intermedia Wagler 1829 [intermediate egret]
†Ardea latipes von Meyer 1843
†Ardea lignitum Gibel 1860
Ardea melanocephala Vigors and Children 1826 [Black-headed heron]
Ardea modesta Gray 1831
Ardea pacifica Latham 1801 [White-necked heron]
†Ardea paloccidentalis Shufeldt 1891
†Ardea piveteaui Brunet 1970
Ardea plumifera Gould 1848 [Plumed egret]
†Ardea polkensis Brodkorb 1955
Ardea purpurea Linnaeus 1766 [purple heron]
Ardea sumatrana Raffles 1822 [Great-billed heron]
Invalid names: Casmerodius Gloger 1842 [synonym], Herodias Boie 1822 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, o = order | |||||
| References: Thiollay 1994, Marsh 1875 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Priabonian to the top of the Holocene or 38.00000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 33.9 Ma
Collections (68 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Priabonian | France (Ile-de-France) | Ardea piveteaui (177531) | |
| Early/Lower Barstovian | USA (Nebraska) | Ardea sp. (17976) | |
| Late/Upper Clarendonian | USA (Florida) | Ardeidae indet. (18554) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Florida) | Ardea polkensis (122351) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Ethiopia | Ardea sp. (192304) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (California) | Ardea sp. (19446) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Ardea polkensis (18577) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Ardea polkensis (18573) | |
| Messinian | Chad | Ardea sp. (192292) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Ardea cinerea (52582) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | Ardea sp. (19753) Casmerodius albus (19752) | |
| Gelasian | USA (Florida) | Ardea sp. (20384) | |
| Pleistocene | Egypt | Ardea cinerea (21886 21888) | |
| Pleistocene | United Kingdom (England) | Ardea cinerea (125444) | |
| Pleistocene | Egypt (Kom Ombo Plain) | Ardea cinerea (22508 22513 22544 22545) | |
| Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Ardea herodias (227368) | |
| Irvingtonian | USA (Florida) | Ardea sp. (58089) Casmerodius albus (20400) | |
| Middle Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Ardea herodias (195048) | |
| Rancholabrean | Mexico (Sonora) | Ardea herodias, Ardea alba (20495) | |
| Rancholabrean | USA (California) | Ardea herodias (152008 192630) | |
| Rancholabrean - Holocene | USA (California) | Ardea herodias (84904) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Oregon) | Ardea herodias (93251) Ardea paloccidentalis (176222) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Congo-Kinshasa | Egretta alba (22066) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Chile (O'Higgins) | Ardea alba (71280) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Idaho) | Ardea herodias (20569) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Mexico (Jalisco) | Ardea herodias (192628) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Peru | Casmerodius albus, Ardea cocoi (71346) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial) | USA (Florida) | Ardea herodias (20581) Ardea herodias, Casmerodius albus (20636) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial) | USA (Florida) | Ardea herodias (154722) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Egypt | Ardea cinerea (208788) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (California) | Ardea herodias (44954 125234) Ardea herodias, Casmerodius albus (190077) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Madagascar | Ardea alba (204645 204646) Ardea intermedia (195021) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial) | USA (Florida) | Ardea herodias (154921) Ardea herodias, Casmerodius albus (154771) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | USA (Florida) | Ardea herodias, Casmerodius albus (74292 154773) Ardea sp., Ardea herodias, Herodias egretta (34269) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | Jordan | Ardea sp. (197945) | |
| Holocene | Venezuela | Ardea herodias (197935) | |
| Holocene | New Zealand | Egretta alba (194618) | |
| Holocene | USA (Maine) | Ardea herodias (176524) | |
| Holocene | Mexico (Chiapas) | Ardea alba (195047) | |
| Holocene | Tonga (Vava'u) | Ardea modesta (208863) | |
| Holocene | Madagascar | Ardea cinerea, Ardea purpurea, Ardea humbloti (195019) Ardea humbloti (236022) | |
| Holocene | Canada (Quebec) | Ardea herodias (224189) | |
| Holocene | USA (California) | Ardea herodias (194905 194909 194910 194912 194913 194925 194926 194927 194928) |