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Scolopacidae (snipe)
Taxonomy
Scolopacidae was named by Rafinesque (1815). It is extant. Its type is Scolopax. It was considered unknown by Emslie (1998).
It was assigned to Charadriiformes by Hay (1930); to Gruae by Lambrecht (1933); to Charadrioidea by Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); to Charadrii by Brunet (1970) and Cheneval (1993); to Charadriiformes by Mayr (2005); to Scolopacoidea by Hay (1902) and Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Loricarioidei by Nelson et al. (2016); to Charadriiformes by Brodkorb (1955), Harrison and Walker (1976), Alvarez (1977), Olson and James (1982), Carroll (1988), Chandler (1990), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Parmalee (1992), Emslie (1998), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mourer-Chauviré et al. (2004), Smith (2011) and Clements et al. (2017); and to Scolopaci by De Pietri and Mayr (2012), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Mayr (2022).
It was assigned to Charadriiformes by Hay (1930); to Gruae by Lambrecht (1933); to Charadrioidea by Wetmore (1940) and Wetmore (1956); to Charadrii by Brunet (1970) and Cheneval (1993); to Charadriiformes by Mayr (2005); to Scolopacoidea by Hay (1902) and Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Loricarioidei by Nelson et al. (2016); to Charadriiformes by Brodkorb (1955), Harrison and Walker (1976), Alvarez (1977), Olson and James (1982), Carroll (1988), Chandler (1990), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Parmalee (1992), Emslie (1998), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Mourer-Chauviré et al. (2004), Smith (2011) and Clements et al. (2017); and to Scolopaci by De Pietri and Mayr (2012), del Hoyo et al. (2014) and Mayr (2022).
Subtaxa
Actitis, Arenaria (syn. Strepsilas), Bartramia, Calidriinae, Calidrinae, Calidris (syn. Micropalama, Limicola, Erolia, Philomachus, Ereunetes), Coenocorypha, Elorius, Eroliinae, Gallinago (syn. Capella), Heteroscelus, Limnodromus, Limosa, Limosinae, Lymnocryptes, Numeniinae, Numenius, Nuntius, Palaeotringinae, Paractitis, Parvelorius, Phalaropus (syn. Steganopus, Lobipes), Philohela, Prosobonia, Scolopacinae, Scolopax (type genus), Totanus, Tringa (syn. Symphemia, Totanus, Catoptrophorus), Tringinae, Tryngites, Villetus, Xenus
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1815 | Scolopacidae Rafinesque |
| 1831 | Phalaropodidae Bonaparte |
| 1902 | Scolopacidae Hay p. 526 |
| 1930 | Scolopacidae Hay p. 336 |
| 1930 | Phalaropodidae Hay p. 338 |
| 1933 | Scolopacidae Lambrecht p. 534 |
| 1940 | Scolopacidae Wetmore p. 57 |
| 1940 | Phalaropodidae Wetmore p. 60 |
| 1955 | Scolopacidae Brodkorb p. 22 |
| 1956 | Scolopacidae Wetmore p. 71 |
| 1956 | Phalaropodidae Wetmore p. 75 |
| 1970 | Scolopacidae Brunet p. 25 |
| 1976 | Scolopacidae Harrison and Walker p. 345 |
| 1977 | Scolopacidae Alvarez p. 217 |
| 1979 | Phalaropodidae Campbell |
| 1982 | Scolopacidae Olson and James p. 36 |
| 1988 | Scolopacidae Carroll |
| 1990 | Scolopacidae Chandler p. 132 |
| 1992 | Scolopacidae Emslie p. 263 |
| 1992 | Scolopacidae Guthrie p. 323 |
| 1992 | Scolopacidae Parmalee p. 313 |
| 1993 | Scolopacidae Cheneval p. 90 |
| 1998 | Scolopacidae Emslie |
| 2001 | Scolopacidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 293 |
| 2004 | Phalaropodinae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 309 |
| 2004 | Scolopacidae Mourer-Chauviré et al. p. 309 |
| 2005 | Scolopacidae Mayr p. 318 |
| 2007 | Phalaropodidae Livezey and Zusi p. 92 |
| 2007 | Scolopacidae Livezey and Zusi p. 92 |
| 2011 | Scolopacidae Smith p. 30 figs. Figure 14 |
| 2012 | Scolopacidae De Pietri and Mayr p. 1188 |
| 2014 | Scolopacidae del Hoyo et al. |
| 2016 | Scolopacidae Nelson et al. p. 215 |
| 2017 | Scolopacidae Clements et al. |
| 2022 | Scolopacidae Mayr p. 77 figs. Fig. 5.2 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Scolopacidae Rafinesque 1815 [snipe]
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G. Actitis Illiger 1811
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Actitis hypoleucos Linnaeus 1758 [common sandpiper]
Actitis macularius Linnaeus 1766 [spotted sandpiper]
G. Arenaria Brisson 1760
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Arenaria interpres Linnaeus 1758 [ruddy turnstone]
Arenaria melanocephala Vigors 1829 [black turnstone]
Invalid names: Strepsilas Illiger 1811 [objective synonym]
G. Bartramia Lesson 1831
+
Bartramia longicauda Bechstein 1812 [upland sandpiper]
†Bartramia umatilla Brodkorb 1958
G. Calidris Gmelin 1789
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Calidris alba Pallas 1764 [sanderling]
Calidris alpina Linnaeus 1758 [dunlin]
†Calidris binagadensis Serebrovsky 1940
Calidris canutus Linnaeus 1758 [red knot]
Calidris falcinellus Pontoppidan 1763 [broad-billed sandpiper]
Calidris ferruginea Pontoppidan 1763 [curlew sandpiper]
Calidris fuscicollis Vieillot 1819 [white-rumped sandpiper]
Calidris himantopus Bonaparte 1826 [stilt sandpiper]
Calidris mauri Cabanis 1857 [western sandpiper]
Calidris melanotos Vieillot 1819 [pectoral sandpiper]
Calidris minuta Leisler 1812 [little stint]
Calidris minutilla Viellot 1816 [least sandpiper]
†Calidris pacis Brodkorb 1955
Calidris pugnax Linnaeus 1758 [ruff]
Calidris pusilla Linnaeus 1766 [semipalmated sandpiper]
Calidris temminckii Leisler 1812 [Temminck's stint]
Invalid names: Ereunetes Illeger 1811 [synonym], Erolia [synonym], Limicola Koch 1816 [synonym], Micropalama Baird 1858 [synonym], Philomachus Merrem 1804 [synonym]
G. Coenocorypha Gray 1855
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Coenocorypha aucklandica Gray 1845 [subantarctic snipe]
†Coenocorypha chathamica Forbes 1893 [Forbes's snipe]
†Coenocorypha iredalei Rothschild 1921 [South Island snipe]
†Coenocorypha miratropica Worthy 2003
†Coenocorypha neocaledonica Worthy et al. 2013 [New Caledonian snipe]
Coenocorypha pusilla Butler 1869 [Chatham Islands snipe]
G. †Elorius Milne-Edwards 1868
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†Elorius limosoides De Pietri and Mayr 2012
†Elorius paludicola Milne-Edwards 1868
G. Gallinago Brisson 1760 [snipe]
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†Gallinago azovica Zelenkov and Panteleyev 2015
Gallinago delicata Ord 1825 [Wilson's snipe]
Gallinago gallinago Linnaeus 1758 [common snipe]
Gallinago hardwickii Gray 1831 [Latham's snipe]
†Gallinago kakuki Steadman and Takano 2016
Gallinago media Latham 1787 [great snipe]
Gallinago megala Swinhoe 1861 [Swinhoe's snipe]
Gallinago paraguaiae Vieillot 1816 [South American snipe]
Gallinago paraguaiae magellanica King 1828 [Magellanic snipe]
Gallinago stenura Bonaparte 1831 [pin-tailed snipe]
Invalid names: Capella Frenzel 1801 [synonym]
G. Heteroscelus Baird 1858
G. Limnodromus Wied-Neuwied 1833 [dowitcher]
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Limnodromus griseus Gmelin 1789 [short-billed dowitcher]
Limnodromus scolopaceus Say 1822 [long-billed dowitcher]
G. Limosa Brisson 1760 [godwit]
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Limosa fedoa Linnaeus 1758 [marbled godwit]
Limosa lapponica Linnaeus 1758 [bar-tailed godwit]
Limosa limosa Linnaeus 1758 [black-tailed godwit]
†Limosa vanrossemi Miller 1925
G. Numenius Brisson 1760
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Numenius americanus Bechstein 1812 [long-billed curlew]
†Numenius antiquus Milne-Edwards 1868
Numenius arquata Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian curlew]
Numenius borealis Forster 1772 [eskimo curlew]
Numenius madagascariensis Linnaeus 1766 [far eastern curlew]
Numenius minutus Gould 1841 [little curlew]
Numenius phaeopus Linnaeus 1758 [whimbrel]
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Invalid names: Podiceps gadowi Hachisuka 1953 [synonym]
Numenius tahitiensis Gmelin 1789 [bristle-thighed curlew]
G. †Paractitis Weigel 1963
G. †Parvelorius De Pietri and Mayr 2012
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†Parvelorius calidris De Pietri and Mayr 2012
†Parvelorius gracilis Milne-Edwards 1868
G. Phalaropus Brisson 1760
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Phalaropus fulicarius Linnaeus 1758 [red phalarope]
Phalaropus lobatus Linnaeus 1758 [red-necked phalarope]
Phalaropus tricolor Vieillot 1819 [Wilson's phalarope]
Invalid names: Lobipes Cuvier 1817 [synonym], Steganopus Viellot 1818 [synonym]
G. Philohela Gray 1841 [American woodcock]
G. Scolopax Linnaeus 1758
+
†Scolopax hutchensi Emslie 1998 [snipe]
Scolopax minor Gmelin 1789 [American woodcock]
Scolopax mira Hartert 1916 [Amami woodcock]
†Scolopax mira ohyamai Matsuoka and Hasegawa 2018
Scolopax rusticola Linnaeus 1758 [Eurasian woodcock]
G. Totanus Cuvier 1800
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†Totanus edwardsi Gaillard 1908
†Totanus grivensis Ennouchi 1930
†Totanus minor Ennouchi 1930
G. Tringa Linnaeus 1758
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†Tringa ameghini Campbell 1979 [sandpiper]
†Tringa antiqua Fedducia 1970
Tringa erythropus Pallas 1764 [spotted redshank]
Tringa flavipes Gmelin 1789 [lesser yellowlegs]
Tringa glareola Linnaeus 1758 [wood sandpiper]
Tringa incana Gmelin 1789 [wandering tattler]
Tringa melanoleuca Gmelin 1789 [greater yellowlegs]
Tringa nebularia Gunnerus 1767 [common greenshank]
Tringa ochropus Linnaeus 1758 [green sandpiper]
Tringa semipalmata Gmelin 1789 [willet]
Tringa semipalmata inornata Brewster 1887 [willet]
Tringa solitaria Wilson 1813 [solitary sandpiper]
Tringa totanus Linnaeus 1758 [common redshank]
Invalid names: Catoptrophorus Bonaparte 1827 [synonym], Symphemia Rafinesque 1819 [synonym], Totanus Bechstein 1803 [synonym]
G. Tryngites Cabanis 1857
G. †Villetus Harrison and Walker 1976
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†Villetus grandis Harrison and Walker 1976
†Villetus waltoni Harrison and Walker 1976
Invalid names: Calidriinae [empty], Calidrinae Reichenbach 1849 [empty], Eroliinae Lambrecht 1933 [empty], Limosinae Lambrecht 1933 [empty], Numeniinae Gray 1840 [empty], Palaeotringinae [empty], Phalaropodidae Bonaparte 1831 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: subo = suborder, o = order | |||||
| References: Bush and Bambach 2015, Marsh 1875, Benton 1983 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Bartonian to the top of the Holocene or 41.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 38.0 Ma
Collections (263 total)
Oldest occurrences | |||
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bartonian | United Kingdom (England) | Villetus waltoni (32915) | |
| Bartonian - Priabonian | United Kingdom (England) | Villetus grandis (140451) | |
| Chadronian | Canada (Saskatchewan) | Paractitis bardi (52960) | |
| Rupelian | France (Allier) | Phalaropodinae indet. (181646) | |
| Oligocene | USA (Oregon) | Limicolavis pluvianella (176030) | |
| Aquitanian | France | Tringa gracilis, Elorius paludicola, Elorius limosoides, Parvelorius calidris (152490) | |
| Middle Miocene | Saudi Arabia | Scolopacinae indet. (47098) | |
| Tortonian | USA (California) | Limosa vanrossemi (45489) | |
| Tortonian | USA (Florida) | Calidris pacis, Erolia penepusilla, Limosa sp. (122351) | |
| Late/Upper Miocene | Australia (Northern Territory) | Scolopax sp. (13315) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Oregon) | Bartramia umatilla (18970) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Kansas) | Scolopacidae indet. (18140) | |
| Hemphillian | USA (Florida) | Ereunetes rayi (18560) | |
| Late/Upper Hemphillian | Mexico (Chihuahua) | Erolia sp. (18755) | |
| Turolian | Russian Federation (Rostovskaya Oblast') | Gallinago azovica (174455) | |
| Messinian | Peru (Caraveli) | Tringinae indet. (46084) | |
| Zanclean | Australia (Queensland) | Numenius sp. (182159) | |
| Zanclean | USA (North Carolina) | Capella media, Tringa ochropus, Calidris melanotos, Numenius borealis (52582) | |
| Blancan | USA (Kansas) | Tringa antiqua (19922) | |
| Blancan | USA (Florida) | Scolopacidae indet., Gallinago sp., Tringa sp., Scolopax sp., Limnodromus sp., Actitis macularia (19753) | |