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Ciconiidae (stork)

Reptilia - Ciconiiformes - Ciconiidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1836Ciconiidae Sundevall
1909Cygnus bilinicus Laube
1930Ciconiidae Hay p. 296
1933Ciconiidae Lambrecht p. 317
1933Cygnus bilinicus Lambrecht p. 383
1940Ciconiidae Wetmore p. 17
1956Ciconiidae Wetmore p. 22
1972Ciconiidae Howard p. 8
1984Ciconiidae Cheneval p. 44
1987Ciconiidae Rasmussen et al. p. 15
1988Ciconiidae Carroll
1990Ciconiidae Bickart p. 11
1992Ciconiidae Emslie p. 252
2001Ciconiidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 295
2007Ciconiidae Livezey and Zusi p. 91
2008Ciconiidae Louchart et al. p. 156
2010Ciconiidae Meijer and Awe Due p. 714
2011Ciconiidae Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5
2014Ciconiidae del Hoyo et al.
2017Ciconiidae Clements et al.
2020Ciconiidae Worthy and Nguyen p. 89
2022Ciconiidae Mayr p. 119 figs. Fig. 7.1
2023Ciconiidae Tambussi et al. p. 269

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
—Sauropsida
classReptilia
subclassEureptilia()
—Romeriida
—Diapsida()
—Archosauromorpha(Huene 1946)
—Crocopoda
RankNameAuthor
—ArchosauriformesGauthier 1986
—Eucrocopoda
—Archosauria()
informalAvemetatarsalia
—Ornithodira
—Dinosauromorpha
—Dinosauriformes
—Dinosauria()
—Theropoda()
—Neotheropoda
—AverostraPaul 2002
—Tetanurae
—Coelurosauria()
—Maniraptora
—Paraves
classAves
subclassNeornithesGadow 1893
—Aequornithes
—Feraequornithes
superorderPelecanimorphaeHuxley 1867
orderCiconiiformesBonaparte 1854
familyCiconiidaeSundevall 1836
familyCiconiidaeSundevall 1836

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Ciconiidae Sundevall 1836 [stork]
show all | hide all
G. Anastomus Bonnaterre 1791
+
Anastomus lamelligerus Temminck 1823 [African openbill]
Anastomus oscitans Boddaert 1783 [Asian openbill]
G. Ciconia Brisson 1760
+
Ciconia abdimii Lichtenstein 1823 [Abdim's stork]
Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe 1873 [oriental stork]
Ciconia ciconia Linnaeus 1758 [white stork]
Ciconia episcopus Boddaert 1783 [Asian woollyneck]
†Ciconia gaudryi Lambrecht 1933
†Ciconia kahli Haarhoff 1988
†Ciconia louisebolesae Boles 2005
†Ciconia lydekkeri Ameghino 1889
Ciconia maguari Gmelin 1789 [Maguari stork]
†Ciconia maltha Miller 1910 [asphalt stork]
Ciconia microscelis Gray 1848 [African woollyneck]
†Ciconia nana De Vis 1888
Ciconia nigra Linnaeus 1758 [black stork]
†Ciconia sarmatica Grigorescu and Kessler 1977
†Ciconia stehlini Jánossy 1992
Ciconia stormi Blasius 1896 [Storm's stork]
G. Ephippiorhynchus Bonaparte 1855
+
Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus Latham 1790 [black-necked stork]
Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Shaw 1800 [saddlebill]
†Ephippiorhynchus tchoufour Louchart et al. 2008
G. †Grallavis Cheneval 1984
+
†Grallavis edwardsi Lydekker 1891
Tr. Leptoptilini Mayr and Cottrell 1979 [stork]
+
G. Jabiru Hellmayr 1906 [jabiru]
+
Jabiru mycteria Lichtenstein 1819 [jabiru]
+
Invalid names: Jabiru weillsi Sellards 1916 [synonym]
G. Leptoptilos Lesson 1831
+
Leptoptilos crumenifer Lesson 1831 [marabou]
Leptoptilos dubius Gmelin 1789 [greater adjutant]
†Leptoptilos falconeri Milne Edwards 1868
Leptoptilos javanicus Horsfield 1821 [Lesser adjutant]
†Leptoptilos patagonicus Noriega and Cladera 2008
†Leptoptilos pliocenicus Zubareva 1948
†Leptoptilos robustus Meijer and Awe Due 2010
†Leptoptilos siwalicensis Harrison 1974
†Leptoptilos titan Wetmore 1940
†Leptoptilus arvernensis Milne-Edwards 1871
G. Mycteria Linnaeus 1758
+
Mycteria americana Linnaeus 1758 [wood stork]
Mycteria cinerea Raffles 1822 [Milky stork]
Mycteria ibis Linnaeus 1766 [yellow-billed stork]
Mycteria leucocephala Pennant 1769 [Painted stork]
†Mycteria milleri Short 1966
†Mycteria wetmorei Howard 1935
Invalid names: Dissourodes Short 1966 [synonym], Tantalus Linnaeus 1758 [synonym]
G. †Palaeoephippiorhynchus Lambrecht 1930
+
G. †Pelargodes Sharpe 1900
+
†Pelargodes stehlini Gaillard 1908
Invalid names: Pelargocrex Milne-Edwards 1893 [synonym]
G. †Pelargopsis Milne-Edwards 1868
+
†Pelargopsis trouessarti Gaillard 1908
G. †Propelargus Lydekker 1891
+
†Propelargus cayluxensis Lydekker 1891
†Propelargus elatus Milne-Edwards 1892
†Propelargus insolitus Mourer-Chauviré 1983
†Propelargus olseni Brodkorb 1963 [stork]
G. †Pseudotantalus Merriam and Stock 1925
G. Xenorhynchus Bonaparte 1855
Invalid names: Ciconiinae Sundevall 1836 [empty], Cygnus bilinicus Laube 1909 [invalid subgroup]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: hydroxyapatiteo
Entire body: yeso
Adult length: 10 to < 100o
Adult width: 1.0 to < 10o
Adult height: 1.0 to < 10o
Architecture: compact or denseo
Ontogeny: accretion, modification of partso
Grouping: solitaryo
Environment: terrestrialo
Locomotion: actively mobileo
Life habit: ground dwellingo
Diet: carnivoresubo
Reproduction: oviparouso
Dispersal: direct/internalo
Dispersal 2: mobileo
Created: 2009-01-03 20:39:15
Modified: 2009-01-03 22:39:15
Source: subo = suborder, o = order
References: Marsh 1875, Benton 1983

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Rupelian to the top of the Holocene or 33.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.1 Ma

Collections (76 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Rupelian33.9 - 28.1Egypt (Fayum) Ciconiidae indet. (60127) Palaeoephippiorhynchus dietrichi (12960)
Aquitanian23.03 - 20.44France (Auvergne) Grallavis edwardsi (125333)
Aquitanian - Langhian23.03 - 13.82USA (North Carolina) Ciconiidae indet., Ciconia speciesone (48887)
Burdigalian20.44 - 15.97Saudi Arabia Mycteria cinereus (47088) Mycteria cinereus, Mycteria sp. (47021)
Hemingfordian20.43 - 15.97USA (Florida) Ciconiidae indet., Propelargus olseni (18586)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Egypt Leptoptilos sp. (53970)
Barstovian16.3 - 12.5USA (Nebraska) Mycteria milleri (18109)
Langhian15.97 - 13.82USA (California) Ciconiidae indet. (59059)
Serravallian - Tortonian13.82 - 7.246Tunisia (Gafsa) Leptoptilos falconeri (35281)
Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Texas) Aves indet. (18610)
Late/Upper Clarendonian12.5 - 9.4USA (Florida) Ciconiidae indet. (18554)
Tortonian - Messinian11.62 - 5.333Kenya Ciconiidae indet. (22241)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Attica) Ciconia gaudryi (182754)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Australia (Northern Territory) Ciconiidae indet. (13315)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Argentina (Chubut) Leptoptilos patagonicus (85116)
Late/Upper Miocene - Early/Lower Pliocene11.608 - 3.6Chad Ephippiorhynchus sp., Ciconiidae indet. (24181)
Huayquerian8.0 - 5.0Argentina (Entre Rios) Ciconia sp., Mycteria sp. (140471)
Messinian7.246 - 5.333Chad Ephippiorhynchus sp. (192294) Ephippiorhynchus sp., Ephippiorhynchus tchoufour (59839) Mycteria sp. (192292 192293)
Messinian - Zanclean7.246 - 3.6Kenya Leptoptilos crumeniferus (22242)
Early/Lower Pliocene5.333 - 3.6Kenya Mycteria sp. (232486)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6USA (North Carolina) Ciconia speciestwo (52582)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Australia (Queensland) Xenorhynchus asiaticus, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (182159)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6South Africa Ciconia kahli (22227) Ciconiidae indet. (22221)
Zanclean - Piacenzian5.333 - 2.588Kenya Leptoptilos sp. (22235)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117Italy (Umbria) Ciconiidae indet. (51684)
Pliocene - Pleistocene5.333 - 0.0117France (Auvergne-Rhône-Alps) Ciconia sp. (44231)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (19753)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad Leptoptilos sp. B (22506)
MN 172.588 - 1.806France (Rhone-Alpes) Ciconia sp. (47150)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (154721)
Early/Lower Pleistocene - Middle Pleistocene2.588 - 0.129Italy Ciconia nigra (194929)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (227368)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (20308 20334 20400 20415)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (195048 195049)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129Indonesia (Jawa Timur) Leptoptilos dubius, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (77490)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Sonora) Ciconiidae indet. (20495)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Ciconia maltha (85142)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (Java) Leptoptilos titan (74620)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117China (Hubei) Ciconia boyciana (92787)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Peru Jabiru mycteria, Mycteria americana (71346)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Congo-Kinshasa Ciconiidae indet. 1, Ciconiidae indet. 2, Anastomus lamelligerus, Mycteria ibis (22066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Ciconia maltha (152904)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Indonesia (East Nusa Tenggara) Leptoptilos robustus (68065 106280 193368 193369 193370)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha, Mycteria americana (154921) Jabiru mycteria (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha, Mycteria wetmorei, Mycteria americana (154773) Jabiru mycteria (74292) Jabiru weillsi, Mycteria americana (34269)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Jalisco) Mycteria wetmorei (192628)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117United Kingdom Ciconia ciconia (93837)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Ciconia maltha (20273 44954 192604) Ciconia maltha, Mycteria wetmorei (190077)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Ciconia maltha (20580 20636)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117Mexico (Mexico) Ciconia sp. (192627)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117Venezuela (Zulia) Ciconiidae indet. (63515)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Ciconia maltha (20569)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Madagascar Anastomus lamelligerus (195019)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0France Ciconia ciconia (195041)