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Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant)
Taxonomy
Phalacrocoracidae was named by Reichenbach (1850). It is extant. Its type is Phalacrocorax.
It was assigned to Steganopodes by Zittel (1890); to Steganopodes by Moreno and Mercerat (1891); to Sulides by Lambrecht (1933); to Pelecanoidea by Hay (1902) and Wetmore (1940); to Pelecani by Cheneval (1984) and Cheneval (1993); to Sulae by Olson (1985), Carroll (1988) and Olson and Hasegawa (1996); to Pelecaniformes by Mayr (2005); to Suloidae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1956), Mayr (2005) and Bourdon et al. (2005); to Phalacrocoracoidea by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Aequornithes by Mayr (2011); to Suliformes by del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017), Worthy and Nguyen (2020) and Mayr (2022); and to Pelecaniformes by Wetmore (1933), Wetmore (1943), Brodkorb (1955), Howard (1972), Harrison and Walker (1976), Alvarez (1977), Olson (1985), Rasmussen et al. (1987), Chandler (1990), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Baird (1992), Mayr (2001), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Hope (2002), Gohlich (2003), Mourer-Chauviré (2008), Louchart et al. (2008), Worthy (2011) and Kessler and Horváth (2023).
It was assigned to Steganopodes by Zittel (1890); to Steganopodes by Moreno and Mercerat (1891); to Sulides by Lambrecht (1933); to Pelecanoidea by Hay (1902) and Wetmore (1940); to Pelecani by Cheneval (1984) and Cheneval (1993); to Sulae by Olson (1985), Carroll (1988) and Olson and Hasegawa (1996); to Pelecaniformes by Mayr (2005); to Suloidae by Hay (1930), Wetmore (1956), Mayr (2005) and Bourdon et al. (2005); to Phalacrocoracoidea by Livezey and Zusi (2007); to Aequornithes by Mayr (2011); to Suliformes by del Hoyo et al. (2014), Clements et al. (2017), Worthy and Nguyen (2020) and Mayr (2022); and to Pelecaniformes by Wetmore (1933), Wetmore (1943), Brodkorb (1955), Howard (1972), Harrison and Walker (1976), Alvarez (1977), Olson (1985), Rasmussen et al. (1987), Chandler (1990), Emslie (1992), Guthrie (1992), Baird (1992), Mayr (2001), Olson and Rasmussen (2001), Hope (2002), Gohlich (2003), Mourer-Chauviré (2008), Louchart et al. (2008), Worthy (2011) and Kessler and Horváth (2023).
Subtaxa
Borvocarbo, Gulosus, Leucocarbo, Leucocarboninae, Limicorallus, Microcarbo (syn. Hydrocorax), Miocorax, Nambashag, Nannopterum, Nectornis, Oligocorax, Paracorax, Phalacrocoracinae, Phalacrocorax (syn. Australocorax, Stictocarbo, Graculus, Pliocarbo) (type genus), Piscator, Poikilocarbo, Urile, Valenticarbo
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1850 | Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach |
| 1890 | Phalacrocoracidae Zittel p. 842 |
| 1891 | Phalacrocoracidae Moreno and Mercerat p. 35 |
| 1902 | Phalacrocoracidae Hay p. 533 |
| 1930 | Phalacrocoracidae Hay p. 292 |
| 1933 | Phalacrocoracidae Lambrecht p. 290 |
| 1933 | Phalacrocoracidae Wetmore p. 5 |
| 1940 | Phalacrocoracidae Wetmore p. 12 |
| 1943 | Phalacrocoracidae Wetmore p. 68 |
| 1955 | Phalacrocoracidae Brodkorb p. 12 |
| 1956 | Phalacrocoracidae Wetmore p. 16 |
| 1972 | Phalacrocoracidae Howard p. 7 |
| 1976 | Phalacrocoracidae Harrison and Walker p. 328 |
| 1977 | Phalacrocoracidae Alvarez p. 208 |
| 1984 | Phalacrocoracidae Cheneval p. 53 |
| 1985 | Phalacrocoracidae Olson |
| 1987 | Phalacrocoracidae Rasmussen et al. p. 16 |
| 1988 | Phalacrocoracidae Carroll |
| 1990 | Phalacrocoracidae Chandler p. 125 |
| 1992 | Phalacrocoracidae Baird p. 24 |
| 1992 | Phalacrocoracidae Emslie p. 252 |
| 1992 | Phalacrocoracidae Guthrie p. 321 |
| 1993 | Phalacrocoracidae Cheneval p. 89 |
| 1996 | Phalacrocoracidae Olson and Hasegawa p. 742 |
| 2001 | Phalacrocoracidae Mayr p. 330 |
| 2001 | Phalacrocoracidae Olson and Rasmussen p. 262 |
| 2002 | Phalacrocoracidae Hope p. 367 |
| 2003 | Phalacrocoracidae Gohlich p. 241 |
| 2005 | Phalacrocoracidae Bourdon et al. p. 166 |
| 2005 | Phalacrocoracidae Mayr p. 67 |
| 2007 | Phalacrocoracidae Livezey and Zusi p. 91 |
| 2008 | Phalacrocoracidae Louchart et al. p. 151 |
| 2008 | Phalacrocoracidae Mourer-Chauviré |
| 2011 | Phalacrocoracidae Mayr p. 73 figs. Figure 5 |
| 2011 | Phalacrocoracidae Worthy p. 283 |
| 2014 | Phalacrocoracidae del Hoyo et al. |
| 2017 | Phalacrocoracidae Clements et al. |
| 2020 | Phalacrocoracidae Worthy and Nguyen p. 91 |
| 2022 | Phalacrocoracidae Mayr p. 119 figs. Fig. 7.1 |
| 2023 | Phalacrocoracidae Kessler and Horváth p. 129 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Phalacrocoracidae Reichenbach 1850 [cormorant]
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G. †Borvocarbo Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2004
+
†Borvocarbo guilloti Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2004
†Borvocarbo tardatus Göhlich and Mourer-Cauvire 2010
G. Leucocarbo Bonaparte 1857
+
Leucocarbo atriceps King 1828 [Imperial shag]
Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum Lesson 1837 [Guanay cormorant]
Leucocarbo campbelli Filhol 1878 [Campbell shag]
Leucocarbo chalconotus Gray 1845 [Stewart shag]
Leucocarbo colensoi Buller 1888 [Auckland shag]
Leucocarbo magellanicus Gmelin 1789 [Rock shag]
Leucocarbo onslowi Forbes 1893 [Chatham shag]
Leucocarbo ranfurlyi Ogilvie-Grant 1901 [Bounty shag]
Leucocarbo verrucosus Cabanis 1875 [Kerguelen shag]
G. †Limicorallus Kurochkin 1968
+
†Limicorallus carbunculus Mayr 2009
†Limicorallus saiensis Kurochkin 1968
G. Microcarbo Bonaparte 1856
+
Microcarbo africanus Gmelin 1789 [long-tailed cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Plotus nanus Newton and Gadow 1893 [synonym]
Microcarbo coronatus Wahlberg 1855 [crowned cormorant]
Microcarbo melanoleucos Vieillot 1817 [little pied cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Plotus parvus De Vis 1906 [synonym]
Microcarbo niger Vieillot 1817 [Little cormorant]
Microcarbo pygmaeus Pallas 1773 [Pygmy cormorant]
†Microcarbo serventyorum van Tets 1994
Invalid names: Hydrocorax Vieillot 1817 [replaced]
G. †Miocorax Lambrecht 1933
G. †Nambashag Worthy 2011
+
†Nambashag billerooensis Worthy 2011
†Nambashag microglaucus Worthy 2011
G. Nannopterum Sharpe 1899
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Nannopterum auritus Lesson 1831 [Double-crested cormorant]
Nannopterum brasilianus Gmelin 1789 [Neotropical cormorant]
Nannopterum harrisi Rothschild 1898 [Flightless cormorant]
G. †Nectornis Cheneval 1984
+
†Nectornis anatolicus Paicheler et al. 1978
†Nectornis miocaenus Milne-Edwards 1868
G. †Oligocorax Lambrecht 1933
+
†Oligocorax littoralis Milne-Edwards 1863
†Oligocorax stoeffelensis Mayr 2007
Subfm. Phalacrocoracinae
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G. Phalacrocorax Brisson 1760 [cormorant]
+
Phalacrocorax aristotelis Linnaeus 1761 [European shag]
+
Invalid names: Pelecanus graculus Linnaeus 1766 [synonym]
Phalacrocorax auritus Lesson 1831 [double-crested cormorant]
Phalacrocorax bougainvillii Lesson 1837 [Guanay cormorant]
Phalacrocorax brasilianus Gmelin 1789 [neotropic cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Pelecanus olivaceus Humboldt 1805 [synonym], Phalacrocorax pampeanus Moreno and Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Phalacrocorax capensis Sparrman 1788 [cape cormorant]
Phalacrocorax capillatus Temminck and Schlegel 1849 [Japanese cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Carbo filamentosus Temminck and Schlegel 1849 [synonym]
Phalacrocorax carbo Linnaeus 1758 [great cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Phalacrocorax gregorii De Vis 1905 [synonym]
Phalacrocorax carunculatus Gmelin 1789 [Rough-faced shag]
†Phalacrocorax chapalensis Alvarez 1977
Phalacrocorax featherstoni Buller 1873 [Pitt Island shag]
†Phalacrocorax femoralis Miller 1929
†Phalacrocorax filyawi Emslie 1995 [cormorant]
Phalacrocorax fuscescens Vieillot 1817 [Black-faced cormorant]
Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens 1826 [Indian cormorant]
†Phalacrocorax goletensis Howard 1965
†Phalacrocorax idahensis Marsh 1870
†Phalacrocorax intermedius Milne-Edwards 1867
†Phalacrocorax kennelli Howard 1949
†Phalacrocorax lautus Kurochkin and Ganea 1972
†Phalacrocorax leptopus Brodkorb 1961 [cormorant]
†Phalacrocorax littoralis Milne-Edwards 1863
†Phalacrocorax longipes Tugarinov 1940
†Phalacrocorax macer Brodkorb 1958
†Phalacrocorax macropus Cope 1878
†Phalacrocorax marinavis Shufeldt 1915
†Phalacrocorax mediterraneus Shufeldt 1915
†Phalacrocorax mongoliensis Kurochkin 1971
Phalacrocorax neglectus Wahlberg 1855 [bank cormorant]
Phalacrocorax nigrogularis Ogilvie-Grant and Forbes 1899 [Socotra cormorant]
†Phalacrocorax novaezealandiae Forbes 1891
†Phalacrocorax novaezealandiae major Forbes 1891
Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pallas 1811 [pelagic cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Stictocarbo kenyoni Siegel-Causey 1991 [synonym]
Phalacrocorax penicillatus Brandt 1837 [Brandt's cormorant]
†Phalacrocorax perspicillatus Pallas 1811 [Spectacled cormorant]
†Phalacrocorax praecarbo von Ammon 1918
Phalacrocorax punctatus Sparrman 1786 [spotted shag]
Phalacrocorax purpurascens von Brandt 1837 [Macquarie Island shag]
†Phalacrocorax reliquus Kurochkin 1976
†Phalacrocorax risgoviensis Fraas 1882
†Phalacrocorax rogersi Howard 1932
†Phalacrocorax serdicensis Burchak-Abramovich and Nikolov 1984
Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Brandt 1837 [Little black cormorant]
Phalacrocorax varius Gmelin 1789 [pied cormorant]
+
Invalid names: Phalacrocorax vetustus De Vis 1905 [synonym]
†Phalacrocorax wetmorei Brodkorb 1955
Invalid names: Australocorax Lambrecht 1933 [synonym], Graculus Reichenbach 1850 [synonym], Phalacrocorax ibericus de Villalta 1963 [nomen nudum], Pliocarbo Tugarinov 1940 [synonym], Stictocarbo Bonaparte 1855 [synonym]
G. Poikilocarbo Boetticher 1935 [Red-legged cormorant]
+
Poikilocarbo gaimardi Lesson and Garnot 1828 [Red-legged cormorant]
G. Urile Bonaparte 1855
+
Urile pelagicus Pallas 1811 [Pelagic cormorant]
Urile penicillatus Brandt 1837 [Brandt's cormorant]
Urile urile Gmelin 1789 [Red-faced cormorant]
G. †Valenticarbo Harrison 1979
Invalid names: Leucocarboninae [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available