PBDB Taxon

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Mactra

Bivalvia - Cardiida - Mactridae

Taxonomy

Mactra was named by Linnaeus (1767) [Sepkoski's age data: K Turo-u R]. It is extant.

It was assigned to Mactridae by Deshayes (1857), Olsson (1931), Oostingh (1935), Mukerjee (1939), Durham (1944), Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska (1984), Lamprell and Whitehead (1992) and Frassinetti and Covacevich (1995); to Veneroida by Sepkoski (2002); and to Mactrinae by Glenn (1904), Packard (1916), da Silva Forti (1969), Vokes (1980), Gliozzi and Malatesta (1983), Matsubara (2002), Moore (2003), Beu (2006), Bouchet et al. (2010) and Signorelli and Carter (2016).

Species lacking formal opinion data

M. asperaeformis, M. defossa, M. denburgi, M. dernbergi, M. luscata, M. macescens, M. maracaibensis, M. naviculata, M. pura, M. steinmanni

Synonyms

Trigonella was named by da Costa (1778). It is extant.

It was reranked as Cytherea (Trigonella) by Conrad (1837); it was reranked as Mactra (Trigonella) by Meek (1877); it was synonymized objectively with Mactra by Cox et al. (1969).

It was assigned to Cytherea by Conrad (1837); to Veneroida by Wood (1850); and to Mactra by Meek (1877).
Mactra diegoana was named by Conrad (1855).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Moore (2003).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1767	Mactra Linnaeus p. 1125
1778	Trigonella da Costa
1837	Cytherea (Trigonella) Conrad p. 253
1850	Trigonella Wood p. 235
1855	Mactra diegoana Conrad p. 14 figs. pi. iv, fig. 35
1857	Mactra Deshayes
1877	Mactra (Trigonella) Meek p. 154
1904	Mactra Glenn p. 285
1916	Mactra Packard p. 278
1931	Mactra Olsson p. 66
1935	Mactra Oostingh p. 195
1939	Mactra Mukerjee p. 14
1944	Mactra Durham p. 151
1969	Mactra da Silva Forti p. 90
1980	Mactra Vokes p. 135
1983	Mactra Gliozzi and Malatesta p. 98
1984	Mactra Gazdzicki and Pugaczewska p. 102
1992	Mactra Lamprell and Whitehead p. 76
1995	Mactra Frassinetti and Covacevich p. 54
2002	Mactra Matsubara p. 141
2002	Mactra Sepkoski
2003	Mactra Moore
2006	Mactra Beu p. 225
2010	Mactra Bouchet et al.
2016	Mactra Signorelli and Carter p. 209 figs. Table 1

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Protostomia
—	Spiralia
superphylum	Lophotrochozoa
phylum	Mollusca
class	Bivalvia
—	Eubivalvia
subclass	Autobranchia	(Groblen 1894)
infraclass	Heteroconchia	(Gray 1854)
—	Cardiomorphi	Ferussac 1822

Rank	Name	Author
—	Cardioni	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiidia	Ferussac 1822
—	Cardiata	Ferussac 1822
superorder	Cardiiformii	Ferussac 1822
order	Cardiida	Ferussac 1822
suborder	Cardiidina	Ferussac 1822
—	Veneroidei	(Gray 1854)
—	Veneroitei	Gray 1854
superfamily	Mactroidea	(Lamarck 1809)
family	Mactridae	Lamarck 1809
subfamily	Mactrinae	Lamarck 1809
genus	Mactra	Linnaeus 1767

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Mactra Linnaeus 1767

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Subg. †Mactra (Barymactra) Cossmann 1909

Subg. Mactra (Cyclomactra)

Subg. †Mactra (Electomactra) Iredale 1930

Subg. †Mactra (Electromactra) Ludbrook 1955

†Electromactra howchiniana Tate 1887

Subg. Mactra (Heteromactra) Lamy 1906

†Mactra (Heteromactra) grateloupi Cossmann and Peyrot 1909

Subg. Mactra (Mactra) Linnaeus 1767

Mactra (Mactra) glauca Born 1778

†Mactra (Mactra) protoreevesii Noetling 1901

Subg. †Mactra (Mactrella) Gray

Mactra (Mactrella) trampasensis Packard 1916

Subg. †Mactra (Mactrona)

Subg. Mactra (Maorimactra) Finlay 1928

†Mactra (Maorimactra) bodmani Stilwell and Zinsmeister 1992

†Maorimactra acuminella Finlay 1930

Maorimactra ordinaria Smith 1885

Subg. †Mactra (Nannomactra) Iredale 1930

Subg. †Mactra (Sarmatimactra)

Subg. †Mactra (Stiphromactra)

†Mactra achatina Holten 1802

†Mactra artopta Wood 1850

†Mactra auca d'Orbigny 1842

†Mactra austeniana Maury 1912

†Mactra australis

†Mactra axiniformis Tate 1887

†Mactra clathrodon Lea 1833

Mactra cleryana d'Orbigny 1846

†Mactra constricta Wood 1850

†Mactra darwinii Sowerby 1846

†Mactra dissimilis Reeve 1845

†Mactra emmonsi Meek 1877

†Mactra funerata Conrad 1848

†Mactra gibbsana Meek 1861

†Mactra hamiltonensis Tate 1887

†Mactra incomatensis Rennie 1936

†Mactra irizari Wilckens 1912

Mactra isabelleana dOrbigny 1846

†Mactra lilacea Lamarck 1818

†Mactra maculata

Mactra marplatensis Doello-Jurado 1918

†Mactra mekranensis Newton 1905

Mactra mera Reeve 1854

†Mactra mississippiensis Conrad 1848

†Mactra oblonga Philippi 1887

Mactra ovalis Sowerby 1817

Mactra patagonica d'Orbigny 1846

†Mactra pellucida Gmelin 1791

†Mactra procrassa Wood 1850

†Mactra pusilla Philippi 1887

†Mactra queenslandica Smith 1914

†Mactra sericea

Mactra solida Linnaeus 1758

Mactra stultorum Linnaeus 1758

†Mactra tripartita Forbes 1846

Mactra truncata Montague 1808

†Mactra tumbezia Olsson 1931

†Mactra tumida Bohm 1926

†Mactra turgida Gmelin 1791

Mactra utahensis Meek 1877

Invalid names: Mactra diegoana Conrad 1855 [nomen dubium], Trigonella da Costa 1778 [objective synonym]

Diagnosis

Reference	Diagnosis
E. L. Packard 1916	Shell ovate-trigonal, subequilateral; chondophore roofed at the apex; spur distinct; ligament separated from the resilium by a shelly ridge.