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Tupaiidae (tree shrew)
Taxonomy
Tupaiidae was named by Gray (1825). It is extant.
It was assigned to Insectivora by Cope (1889); to Insectivora by Flower (1883) and Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Menotyphla by Gregory (1910); to Menotyphla by Hay (1930); to Tupaioidea by Van Valen (1967); to Tupaioidea by Schlosser (1877) and Chopra and Vasishat (1979); to Tupaiiformes by Gunnell (1989); and to Scandentia by Qiu (1986), Tong (1988), Carroll (1988), Nowak (1991), Helgen (2005) and Ni and Qiu (2012).
It was assigned to Insectivora by Cope (1889); to Insectivora by Flower (1883) and Flower and Lydekker (1891); to Menotyphla by Gregory (1910); to Menotyphla by Hay (1930); to Tupaioidea by Van Valen (1967); to Tupaioidea by Schlosser (1877) and Chopra and Vasishat (1979); to Tupaiiformes by Gunnell (1989); and to Scandentia by Qiu (1986), Tong (1988), Carroll (1988), Nowak (1991), Helgen (2005) and Ni and Qiu (2012).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Tupaiidae Gray |
| 1877 | Tupaiidae Schlosser p. 89 |
| 1883 | Tupaiidae Flower p. 186 |
| 1889 | Tupaeidae Cope p. 876 |
| 1891 | Tupaiidae Flower and Lydekker p. 92 |
| 1910 | Tupaiidae Gregory p. 465 |
| 1930 | Tupaiidae Hay p. 451 |
| 1967 | Tupaiidae Van Valen |
| 1979 | Tupaiidae Chopra and Vasishat p. 214 |
| 1986 | Tupaiidae Qiu p. 315 |
| 1988 | Tupaiidae Carroll |
| 1988 | Tupaiidae Tong p. 220 |
| 1989 | Tupaiidae Gunnell p. 147 |
| 1991 | Tupaiidae Nowak |
| 2005 | Tupaiidae Helgen |
| 2012 | Tupaiidae Ni and Qiu p. 52 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Tupaiidae Gray 1825 [tree shrew]
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G. Dendrogale Gray 1848
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Dendrogale melanura Thomas 1892
Dendrogale murina Schlegel and Mueller 1843
G. Ptilocercus Gray 1848 [Pen-tailed tree shrew]
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†Ptilocercus kylin Li and Ni 2016
Ptilocercus lowii Gray 1848
Subfm. Tupaiinae Gray 1825
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G. †Prodendrogale Qiu 1986
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†Prodendrogale engesseri Ni and Qiu 2012
†Prodendrogale yunnanica Qiu 1986
G. Tupaia Raffles 1821
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Tupaia belangeri Wagner 1841
Tupaia belangeri chinensis Anderson 1879
Tupaia chrysogaster Miller 1903
Tupaia dorsalis Schlegel 1857
Tupaia everetti Thomas 1892
Tupaia glis Dirard 1820
Tupaia gracilis Thomas 1893
Tupaia javanica Horsfield 1822 [Horsfield's treeshrew]
Tupaia longipes Thomas 1893
Tupaia minor Gunther 1876
†Tupaia miocenica Mein and Ginsburg 1997
Tupaia moellendorffi Matschie 1898
Tupaia montana Thomas 1892
Tupaia nicobarica Zelebor 1869
Tupaia palawanensis Thomas 1894
Tupaia picta Thomas 1892
Tupaia splendidula Gray 1865
†Tupaia storchi Ni and Qiu 2012
Tupaia tana Raffles 1821 [large treeshrew]
Invalid names: Cladobates Cuvier 1824 [synonym], Glipora Jentink 1888 [synonym], Glirisorex Scudder 1882 [synonym], Glisorex Desmarest 1822 [synonym], Glisosorex Giebel 1855 [synonym], Hylogale Temminck 1827 [synonym], Hylogalea Muller and Schlegel 1843 [synonym], Lyonogale Conisbee 1913 [synonym], Sorexglis Cuvier and Saint-Hilaire 1821 [synonym], Tana Lyon 1913 [synonym], Urogale Mearns 1905 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cladobatina Bonaparte 1838 [synonym], Glisoricina Pomel 1848 [synonym]
Invalid names: Adapisoriculinae Van Valen 1967 [empty], Ptilocercinae Lyon 1913 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Early/Lower Oligocene to the top of the Early/Lower Pleistocene or 33.90000 to 0.78100 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 28.4 Ma
Collections (16 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Late/Upper Eocene - Early/Lower Oligocene | China (Henan) | Eodendrogale parvum (46197) | |
| Early/Lower Oligocene | China (Yunnan) | Ptilocercus kylin (175142) | |
| Late/Upper Oligocene | Pakistan (Baluchistan) | Tupaiidae indet. (179936) | |
| Aquitanian | Pakistan (Baluchistan) | Tupaiidae indet. (179933) | |
| Miocene | India (Himachal Pradesh) | Tupaiinae indet., Palaeotupaia sivalicus (13452) | |
| Burdigalian - Langhian | Thailand | Tupaia miocenica (48126) | |
| Burdigalian - Serravallian | Pakistan (Baluchistan) | Tupaiidae indet. (180619) | |
| Tortonian | China (Yunnan) | Tupaiidae indet., Prodendrogale yunnanica (11798) | |
| Baodean | China (Yunnan) | Prodendrogale engesseri, Tupaia storchi (127187) | |
| Turolian | China (Yunnan) | Tupaiidae indet. (44219 44220 44221 44223 44224) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | Pakistan | Tupaia sp. (127346) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | China ( Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) | Tupaia belangeri (214689) |