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Chrysochloridae (golden mole)
Taxonomy
Chrysochloridae was named by Gray (1825). It is extant.
It was assigned to Insectivora by Cope (1889); to Zalambdodonta by Gregory (1910); to Lipotyphla by Jaekel (1911); to Chrysochloroidae by Hay (1930); to Chrysochloroidea by Van Valen (1967); to Zalambdodonta by Carroll (1988); to Insectivora by Schlosser (1877), Flower (1883), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Butler (1984) and Nowak (1991); to Afrotheria by Madsen et al. (2001); to Chrysochloridea by Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Tenrecoidae by Asher et al. (2005); to Afrosoricida by Douady et al. (2002) and Seiffert (2007); and to Tenrecoidea by Alroy (2008) and Asher and Helgen (2010).
It was assigned to Insectivora by Cope (1889); to Zalambdodonta by Gregory (1910); to Lipotyphla by Jaekel (1911); to Chrysochloroidae by Hay (1930); to Chrysochloroidea by Van Valen (1967); to Zalambdodonta by Carroll (1988); to Insectivora by Schlosser (1877), Flower (1883), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Butler (1984) and Nowak (1991); to Afrotheria by Madsen et al. (2001); to Chrysochloridea by Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Tenrecoidae by Asher et al. (2005); to Afrosoricida by Douady et al. (2002) and Seiffert (2007); and to Tenrecoidea by Alroy (2008) and Asher and Helgen (2010).
Subtaxa
Amblysomus (syn. Huetia, Chrysotrica, Calcochloris), Carpitalpa, Chlorotalpa, Chrysochlorinae, Chrysochloris (syn. Engyscopus, Ducantalpa, Aspalax, Chrysoris, Kilimatalpa), Chrysospalax (syn. Bematiscus), Cryptochloris, Damarachloris, Diamantochloris, Eremitalpa, Namachloris, Neamblysomus, Proamblysomus, Prochrysochlorinae
Synonyms
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Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Chrysochloridae Gray |
| 1877 | Chrysochloridae Schlosser p. 89 |
| 1883 | Chrysochloridae Flower p. 186 |
| 1889 | Chrysochloridae Cope p. 876 |
| 1891 | Chrysochloridae Flower and Lydekker p. 92 |
| 1910 | Chrysochloridae Gregory p. 464 |
| 1911 | Chrysochloridae Jaekel p. 210 |
| 1930 | Chrysochloridae Hay p. 428 |
| 1967 | Chrysochloridae Van Valen |
| 1984 | Chrysochloridae Butler |
| 1988 | Chrysochloridae Carroll |
| 1991 | Chrysochloridae Nowak |
| 2001 | Chrysochloridae Madsen et al. p. 610 |
| 2002 | Chrysochloridae Douady et al. p. 204 |
| 2005 | Chrysochloridae Asher et al. p. 919 |
| 2005 | Chrysochloridae Wilson and Reeder |
| 2007 | Chrysochloridae Seiffert |
| 2008 | Chrysochloridae Alroy |
| 2010 | Chrysochloridae Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1 |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Chrysochloridae Gray 1825 [golden mole]
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G. Amblysomus Pomel 1848 [African golden mole]
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Amblysomus hottentotus Smith 1829
Invalid names: Calcochloris Mivart 1867 [synonym], Chrysotrica Broom 1907 [synonym], Huetia Forcart 1942 [synonym]
G. Carpitalpa Lundholm 1955 [Arend's golden mole]
G. Chlorotalpa Roberts 1924
G. Chrysochloris Lacépède 1799 [Cape golden mole]
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Subg. Chrysochloris (Chrysochloris) Lacépède 1799
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Chrysochloris (Chrysochloris) visagiei Broom 1950 [Visagies golden mole]
Subg. Chrysochloris (Kilimatalpa) Lundholm 1955
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Chrysochloris (Kilimatalpa) stuhlmanni Matschie 1894 [Stuhlmanns golden mole]
†Chrysochloris arenosa Asher and Avery 2010
Chrysochloris asiatica Linnaeus 1758 [Cape golden mole]
†Chrysochloris bronneri Asher and Avery 2010
Invalid names: Aspalax Desmarest 1804 [synonym], Chrysoris Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Ducantalpa Boitard 1842 [synonym], Engyscopus Gistel 1848 [synonym], Kilimatalpa Lundholm 1955 [synonym]
G. Chrysospalax Gill 1883 [giant golden mole]
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Chrysospalax trevelyani Günther 1875 [Giant golden mole]
Chrysospalax villosus Smith 1833 [Rough-haired golden mole]
Invalid names: Bematiscus Cope 1892 [synonym]
G. Cryptochloris Shortridge and Carter 1938
G. Eremitalpa Roberts 1924 [Grant's golden mole]
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Eremitalpa granti Broom 1907 [Grants golden mole]
G. Neamblysomus Roberts 1924
G. †Proamblysomus Broom 1941
Subfm. †Prochrysochlorinae Butler 1984
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G. †Prochrysochloris Butler and Hopwood 1957
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†Prochrysochloris miocaenicus Butler and Hopwood 1957
Invalid names: Amblysominae Simonetta 1957 [synonym], Chrysochlorinae [empty], Eremitalpinae Simonetta 1957 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002 | |||||
Age range
Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Lutetian to the top of the Holocene or 47.80000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 41.3 Ma
Collections (23 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lutetian | Namibia (Sperrgebiet) | Diamantochloris inconcessus, Damarachloris primaevus (149173) | |
| Bartonian | Namibia (Sperrgebiet) | Namachloris arenatans (165176) | |
| Miocene - Pliocene | South Africa | Chrysochloris sp. (22224 22228) | |
| Burdigalian | Kenya | Prochrysochloris sp. (27858) | |
| Middle Miocene | Namibia | Prochrysochloris miocaenicus (21855) | |
| Messinian - Piacenzian | South Africa (Cape) | Chrysochloris sp. (59167 115166) | |
| Early/Lower Pliocene | South Africa (Western Cape) | Chrysochloridae large form, Chrysochloridae small form, Chrysochloris arenosa, Chrysochloris bronneri (192080) | |
| Zanclean | South Africa | Chrysochloris sp. (22221 22222) | |
| Pliocene | South Africa | Calcochloris hamiltoni (22339 22341 22353) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene | South Africa (Langebaanweg) | Chrysochloris sp. (21713) | |
| Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene | South Africa | Chlorotalpa sp. (22334) Chlorotalpa sp., Chrysospalax sp. (22333) | |
| Early/Lower Pleistocene | South Africa | Amblysomus spelea (21824) | |
| Pleistocene | South Africa | Chrysochloridae indet. (21915) | |
| Pleistocene - Holocene | South Africa | Amblysomus hottentotus (21949) | |
| Late/Upper Pleistocene | South Africa (Namaqualand) | Chrysochloridae indet. (51187) | |
| Holocene | South Africa | Chrysochloris sp. (21862) | |
| Holocene | South Africa (N. Transraal) | Amblysomus hottentotus (21693) |