PBDB Taxon

Basic info	Taxonomic history	Classification	Included Taxa
Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Homunculus

Mammalia - Primates - Homunculidae

Taxonomy

Homunculus was named by Ameghino (1891). Its type is Homunculus patagonicus.

It was assigned to Simioidea by Ameghino (1891); to Homunculidae by Ameghino (1894) and Hershkovitz (1974); to Atelidae by McKenna and Bell (1997); to Homunculini by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008); and to Platyrrhini by Kay et al. (1987) and Perry et al. (2014).

Species

H. patagonicus (syn. H. ameghinoi, Stilotherium grande, Anthropops perfectus, Killikaike blakei, Pitheculus australis, Ecphantodon ceboides) (type species), H. vizcainoi

Species lacking formal opinion data

H. vizcaino

Synonyms

Killikaike was named by Tejedor et al. (2006). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus by Kay et al. (2008), Kay et al. (2012) and Perry et al. (2014).

It was assigned to Cebinae by Tejedor et al. (2006).
Anthropops was named by Ameghino (1891).

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008).

It was assigned to Homunculidae by Ameghino (1894).
Pitheculus was named by Ameghino (1894). Its type is Pitheculus australis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus by Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008).

It was assigned to Homunculidae by Ameghino (1894).
Ecphantodon was named by Mercerat (1891).

It was synonymized subjectively with Homunculus by Ameghino (1894) and Tejedor and Rosenberger (2008).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1891	Anthropops Ameghino
1891	Homunculus Ameghino p. 4
1891	Ecphantodon Mercerat
1894	Homunculus Ameghino p. 9
1894	Anthropops Ameghino p. 10
1894	Pitheculus Ameghino p. 10
1974	Homunculus Hershkovitz
1987	Homunculus Kay et al.
1997	Homunculus McKenna and Bell
2006	Killikaike Tejedor et al. p. 5437
2008	Homunculus Tejedor and Rosenberger
2014	Homunculus Perry et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()

Rank	Name	Author
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Euarchonta
order	Primates
infraorder	Haplorhini	(Pocock 1918)
—	Anthropoidea	(Mivart 1864)
infraorder	Platyrrhini	Geoffroy 1812
family	Homunculidae
genus	Homunculus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Homunculus Ameghino 1891

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†Homunculus patagonicus Ameghino 1891

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Invalid names: Anthropops perfectus Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Ecphantodon ceboides Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Homunculus ameghinoi Bluntschli 1931 [synonym], Killikaike blakei Tejedor et al. 2006 [synonym], Pitheculus australis Ameghino 1894 [synonym], Stilotherium grande Ameghino 1894 [synonym]

†Homunculus vizcainoi Kay and Perry 2019

Invalid names: Anthropops Ameghino 1891 [synonym], Ecphantodon Mercerat 1891 [synonym], Killikaike Tejedor et al. 2006 [synonym], Pitheculus Ameghino 1894 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Maximum body mass:

2.7 kgs

Minimum body mass:

2.7 kgs

Body mass estimate:

2.7 kg

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

arborealo

Diet:

omnivoreo

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-26 13:27:51

Modified:

2005-08-26 15:27:51

Source: s = species, o = order, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Nowak 1999, Vizcaíno et al. 2010, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Colhuehuapian to the top of the Laventan or 21.00000 to 11.00000 Ma

Collections (19 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Colhuehuapian	21.0 - 17.5	Argentina (Chubut)	H. sp. (141368)
Santacrucian	17.5 - 16.3	Argentina (Santa Cruz)	Ecphantodon ceboides (176593) H. patagonicus (142533 176563 176576 176581 176590 176602 176603) H. patagonicus, Anthropops perfectus (27313) H. patagonicus, Pitheculus australis, Stilotherium grande (176570) H. sp. (176578 176622 176636) H. spp. (176624) H. vizcaino (210786) H. vizcainoi (210637) Killikaike blakei, H. patagonicus (87314)
Laventan	13.8 - 11.0	Colombia (Huila)	H. sp. (143786)