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Hominoidea (ape)

Mammalia - Primates

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1825Hominoidea Gray
1965Hominoidea Simons p. 135
1969Hominoidea Simons and Chopra p. 2
1977Hominoidea Andrews and Simons
1986Hominoidea Leakey and Leakey p. 143
1987Hominoidea Simons et al. p. 140
1988Hominoidea Carroll
1989Hominoidea Simons p. 9956
1992Hominoidea Begun
1992Hominoidea Conroy et al.
1992Hominoidea Simons p. 10743
1994Hominoidea White et al. p. 306
1995Hominoidea Schwartz et al. p. 16
1995Hominoidea White et al. p. 88
1997Hominoidea Gebo et al. p. 404
1997Hominoidea Kunimatsu
1997Hominoidea Simons p. 14970
1999Hominoidea Ishida et al.
1999Hominoidea Ward et al. p. 1383
2002Hominoidea Begun
2002Hominoidea Brunet et al. p. 145
2002Hominoidea Kelley
2003Hominoidea Chaimanee et al. p. 62
2004Hominoidea Brown et al. p. 1055
2004Hominoidea Chaimanee et al. p. 439
2004Hominoidea Moyà-Solà et al. p. 1339
2004Hominoidea Poux and Douzery
2009Hominoidea Harrison and Andrews p. 481
2010Hominoidea Berger et al. p. 195
2010Hominoidea Harrison
2010Hominoidea Zalmout et al. pp. Supp. 4 figs. Table 2
2012Hominoidea Alba et al.
2015Hominoidea McNulty et al.
2016Hominoidea Harrison
2017Hominoidea Nengo et al.
2020Hominoidea Gilbert et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
EuarchontogliresMurphy et al. 2001
Euarchonta
orderPrimates
infraorderHaplorhini(Pocock 1918)
Anthropoidea(Mivart 1864)
infraorderCatarrhiniGeoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamilyHominoideaGray 1825
superfamilyHominoideaGray 1825

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Superfm. Hominoidea Gray 1825 [ape]
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G. †Chororapithecus Suwa et al. 2007
+
Chororapithecus abyssinicus Suwa et al. 2007
G. †Ekembo McNulty et al. 2015
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Ekembo heseloni Walker et al. 1933
Ekembo nyanzae Le Gros Clark and Leakey 1950
G. †Equatorius Ward et al. 1999
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Equatorius africanus Le Gros Clark and Leakey 1951
Fm. Hominidae Gray 1825 [ape]
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G. Cercopithecina Gray 1825
G. †Danuvius Bohme et al. 2019
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Danuvius guggenmosi Bohme et al. 2019
Subfm. †Dryopithecinae
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Tr. †Afropithecini Andrews 1992
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G. †Otavipithecus Conroy 1992
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Otavipithecus namibiensis Conroy et al. 1992
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G. †Griphopithecus Abel 1902
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Griphopithecus alpani Tekkaya 1974
G. †Kenyapithecus Leakey 1961
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Kenyapithecus wickeri Leakey 1961
G. †Limnopithecus Hopwood 1933
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Limnopithecus evansi MacInnes 1943
Limnopithecus legetet Hopwood 1933
G. †Udabnopithecus Burchak-Abramovich and Gabashvili 1945
+
Udabnopithecus garedziensis Burtshak and Gabashvili 1945
G. Gorilla Geoffroy 1852 [gorilla]
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Gorilla beringei Matschie 1903 [mountain gorilla]
Gorilla gorilla Savage and Wyman 1847 [gorilla]
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Gorilla gorilla gorilla Savage and Wyman 1847 [western lowland gorilla]
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Invalid names: Gorilla (Pseudogorilla) ellioti Frechkop 1943 [synonym], Pseudogorilla mayema Elliot 1912 [synonym]
Gorilla gorilla graueri Matschie 1914 [eastern lowland gorilla]
Invalid names: Gorilla gigas Haeckel 1903 [synonym]
Invalid names: Gorilla beringei mikenensis Lönnberg 1917 [synonym], Gorilla gorilla rexpygmaeorum Schwarz 1927 [synonym], Pseudogorilla Elliot 1912 [synonym]
Tr. Hominina Gray 1825
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G. †Paranthropus Broom 1938 [australopithecine]
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Paranthropus aethiopicus Arambourg and Coppens 1968
Paranthropus boisei Leakey 1959
Paranthropus robustus Broom 1938
Subfm. Homininae Gray 1825
+
+
G. †Dryopithecus Lartet 1856
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Subg. †Dryopithecus (Rangwapithecus) Andrews 1974
Dryopithecus chinjiensis Pilgrim 1915
Dryopithecus fontani Lartet 1856
Dryopithecus mogharensis Fourtau 1918
Invalid names: Indopithecus von Koenigswald 1949 [synonym], Rangwapithecus (Ataxopithecus) Kretzoi 1984 [invalid subgroup], Rudapithecus Kretzoi 1969 [synonym]
Tr. †Graecopithecini Cameron 1997
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G. †Graecopithecus von Koenigswald 1972
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Graecopithecus freybergi von Koenigswald 1972
Invalid names: Ouranopithecus de Bonis and Melentis 1977 [synonym]
Tr. Hominini Gray 1825
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G. †Ardipithecus White et al. 1995
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Ardipithecus kadabba Haile-Selassie et al. 2004
Ardipithecus ramidus White et al. 1994
G. †Australopithecus Dart 1925 [australopithecine]
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Australopithecus afarensis Johanson et al. 1978
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Invalid names: Homo antiquus Ferguson 1984 [synonym], Praeanthropus afarensis Strait and Grine 2004 [synonym], Praeanthropus africanus Weinert 1950 [synonym]
Australopithecus anamensis Ward et al. 1999
Australopithecus deyiremeda Haile-Selassie et al. 2015
Australopithecus garhi Asfaw et al. 1999
Australopithecus sediba Berger et al. 2010
Invalid names: Paraustralopithecus Arambourg and Coppens 1967 [synonym], Plesianthropus Broom 1938 [synonym], Zinjanthropus Leakey 1959 [synonym]
G. Homo Linnaeus 1758 [human]
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Homo antecessor Bermudez de Castro 1997
Homo erectus Dubois 1892
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Invalid names: Homo ergaster Groves and Mazak 1975 [synonym]
Homo floresiensis Brown et al. 2004 [hobbit]
Homo georgicus Gabounia et al. 2002
Homo habilis Leakey et al. 1964
Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack 1908
Homo helmei Dreyer 1935
Homo naledi Berger et al. 2015
Homo neanderthalensis King 1864 [Neanderthal]
Homo njarasensis Reck and Kohl-Larsen 1936
Homo rhodesiensis Woodward 1921
Homo rudolfensis Alexeev 1986
Homo sapiens Linnaeus 1758 [human]
Invalid names: Africanthropus Dreyer 1935 [synonym], Atlanthropus Arambourg 1954 [synonym], Bimanes Gray 1821 [invalid subgroup], Cyphanthropus Pycraft 1928 [synonym], Kenyanthropus Leakey 2001 [synonym], Pithecanthropus Dubois 1894 [synonym], Protanthropus Haeckel 1895 [synonym], Sinanthropus Black 1927 [synonym], Tchadanthropus Coppens 1965 [synonym], Telanthropus Broom and Anderson 1949 [synonym]
Subtr. Panina Delson 1977
+
G. Pan Oken 1816 [chimpanzee]
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Invalid names: Anthropopithecus de Blainville 1839 [synonym], Bonobo Tratz and Heck 1954 [synonym], Chimpansee Voigt 1831 [synonym], Engeco Haeckel 1866 [synonym], Fsihego De Pauw 1905 [synonym], Hylanthropus Gloger 1841 [synonym], Mimetes Leach 1820 [synonym], Pongo Haeckel 1866 [synonym], Pseudanthropos Reichenbach 1862 [synonym], Theranthropus Brookes 1828 [synonym], Troglodytes Geoffroy 1812 [replaced]
G. †Sahelanthropus Brunet et al. 2002
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Sahelanthropus tchadensis Brunet et al. 2002
Invalid names: Gorillini Hürzeler 1968 [empty]
G. †Lufengpithecus Wu 1987
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Lufengpithecus lufengensis Xu et al. 1978
G. †Oreopithecus Gervais 1872
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Oreopithecus bambolii Gervais 1871
G. †Pierolapithecus Moyà-Solà et al. 2004
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Pierolapithecus catalaunicus Moyà-Solà et al. 2004
Subfm. Ponginae Elliot 1913
+
Tr. †Hispanopithecini Cameron 1997
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G. †Hispanopithecus Villalta and Crusafont-Pairó 1955
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Subg. †Hispanopithecus (Hispanopithecus) Villalta and Crusafont-Pairó 1944
G. †Khoratpithecus Chaimanee et al. 2004
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Khoratpithecus ayeyarwadyensis Jaeger et al. 2011
Khoratpithecus chiangmuanensis Chaimanee et al. 2003
Khoratpithecus piriyai Chaimanee et al. 2004
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G. Pongo Lacépède 1799 [orangutan]
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Pongo abelii Lesson 1827 [Sumatran orangutan]
Pongo hooijeri Schwartz et al. 1995
Pongo pygmaeus Linnaeus 1760 [Bornean orangutan]
Pongo tapanuliensis Nater et al. 2017
+
G. †Sivapithecus Pilgrim 1910
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Sivapithecus indicus Pilgrim 1910
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Invalid names: Sivapithecus orientalis Pilgrim 1927 [synonym]
Sivapithecus parvada Kelley 1988
Sivapithecus punjabicus Pilgrim 1910
Invalid names: Ankarapithecus Ozansoy 1965 [synonym], Palaeopithecus Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium], Ramapithecus Lewis 1934 [synonym], Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium]
Invalid names: Ramapithecidae Simonetta 1957 [invalid subgroup], Ramapithecinae Simonetta 1957 [invalid subgroup], Sivapithecinae [invalid subgroup]
Invalid names: Lufengpithecini Kelley 2002 [empty]
Subfm. †Preanthropinae Cela-Conde and Altaba 2002
+
G. †Praeanthropus Senyurek 1955
+
Praeanthropus anamensis Leakey 1995
Praeanthropus garhi Asfaw 1999
Invalid names: Orrorin Senut 2001 [synonym]
Invalid names: Australopithecinae Gregory and Hellman 1939 [empty], Dryopithecidae [synonym], Homo troglodytes Linnaeus 1758 [nomen vanum], Oreopithecidae Schwalbe 1915 [synonym], Pongidae Elliot 1913 [synonym], Presbytina Gray 1825 [empty], Simiina Gray 1825 [empty]
Fm. Hylobatidae Gray 1870 [gibbon]
+
G. †Bunopithecus Matthew and Granger 1923
+
Bunopithecus sericus Matthew and Granger 1923
G. Hoolock Mootnick and Groves 2005 [hoolock gibbon]
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Hoolock hoolock Harlan 1834 [western hoolock gibbon]
Hoolock leuconedys Groves 1967 [eastern hoolock gibbon]
Hoolock tianxing Fan et al. 2017 [Gaoligong hoolock gibbon]
G. Hylobates Illiger 1811
+
Hylobates abbotti Kloss 1929 [Abbott's Müller's Bornean gibbon]
Hylobates agilis Cuvier 1821 [agile gibbon]
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Invalid names: Hylobates rafflesi Geoffroy 1828 [synonym], Hylobates unko Lesson 1840 [synonym]
Hylobates albibarbis Lyon 1911 [Bornean white-bearded gibbon]
Hylobates funereus Geoffroy 1850 [northern Müller's Bornean gibbon]
Hylobates klossii Miller 1903 [Kloss's gibbon]
Hylobates lar Linnaeus 1771 [lar gibbon]
+
Hylobates lar carpenteri Groves 1968 [Carpenter's lar gibbon]
Hylobates lar entelloides Geoffroy 1842 [mainland lar gibbon]
Hylobates lar lar Linnaeus 1771 [Malayan lar gibbon]
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Invalid names: Pithecus variegatus Geoffroy 1812 [synonym], Simia albimana Vigors and Horsfield 1828 [synonym]
Hylobates lar vestitus Miller, Jr. 1942 [Sumatran lar gibbon]
Hylobates lar yunnanensis Ma and Wang 1986 [Yunnan lar gibbon]
Hylobates moloch Audebert 1797 [silvery Javan gibbon]
+
Invalid names: Hylobates leuciscus Schreber 1799 [synonym], Simia cinerea Latreille 1804 [synonym]
Hylobates muelleri Martin 1841 [eastern Müller's Bornean gibbon]
Hylobates pileatus Gray 1861 [pileated gibbon]
G. †Kapi Gilbert et al. 2020
+
Kapi ramnagarensis Gilbert et al. 2020
G. Nomascus Miller 1933
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Nomascus annamensis Van Ngoc Thinh et al. 2010
Nomascus concolor Harlan 1826 [black crested gibbon]
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Hylobates concolor henrici de Pousargues 1896
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Invalid names: Hylobates concolor furvogaster Ma and Wang 1986 [synonym]
Nomascus concolor lu Delacour 1951 [Laotian black crested gibbon]
Invalid names: Hylobates concolor jingdongensis Ma and Wang 1986 [synonym], Hylobates harlani Lesson 1827 [synonym], Hylobates niger Ogilby 1840 [synonym]
Nomascus gabriellae Thomas 1909 [yellow-cheeked gibbon]
Nomascus hainanus Thomas 1892 [Hainan black crested gibbon]
Nomascus leucogenys Ogilby 1840 [northern white-cheeked gibbon]
Nomascus nasutus Kunkel d'Herculais 1884 [eastern black crested gibbon]
Nomascus siki Delacour 1951 [southern white-cheeked gibbon]
G. Symphalangus Gloger 1941 [siamang]
+
Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles 1822 [siamang]
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Invalid names: Siamanga syndactyla volzi Pohl 1911 [synonym]
Invalid names: Siamanga Gray 1843 [synonym]
G. †Yuanmoupithecus Pan 2006
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G. †Langsonia Schwartz et al. 1995
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Langsonia liquidens Schwartz et al. 1995
Fm. †Proconsulidae Leakey 1963
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G. †Afropithecus Leakey and Leakey 1986
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Afropithecus turkanensis Leakey and Leakey 1986
G. †Heliopithecus Andrews and Martin 1987
G. †Morotopithecus Gebo et al. 1997
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Morotopithecus bishopi Gebo et al. 1997
G. †Nacholapithecus Ishida et al. 1999
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Nacholapithecus kerioi Ishida et al. 1999
G. †Nyanzapithecus Harrison 1987
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Nyanzapithecus alesi Nengo et al. 2017
Nyanzapithecus harrisoni Kunimatsu 1997
Nyanzapithecus pickfordi Harrison 1986
G. †Proconsul Hopwood 1933
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Proconsul africanus Hopwood 1933
Proconsul gitongai Pickford and Kunimatsu 2005
Proconsul major Le Gros Clark and Leakey 1950
Proconsul meswae Harrison and Andrews 2009
Invalid names: Ugandapithecus Senut et al. 2000 [synonym]
G. †Rangwapithecus Andrews 1974
+
Rangwapithecus gordoni Andrews 1974
G. †Turkanapithecus Leakey and Leakey 1986
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Turkanapithecus kalakolensis Leakey and Leakey 1986
G. †Xenopithecus Hopwood 1933
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Invalid names: Proconsulinae Leakey 1963 [empty]
G. †Rukwapithecus Stevens et al. 2013
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Rukwapithecus fleaglei Stevens et al. 2013
G. †Samburupithecus Ishida and Pickford 1997
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Samburupithecus kiptalami Ishida and Pickford 1997
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available