PBDB Taxon

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Sivapithecus

Mammalia - Primates - Hominidae

Taxonomy

Sivapithecus was named by Pilgrim (1910). It is not extant.

It was assigned to Hominidae by Pilgrim (1915); to Sivapithecinae by Pilbeam et al. (1977); to Ramapithecinae by Kay (1982); to Pongidae by Andrews and Cronin (1982) and McKenna and Bell (1997); and to Sivapithecini by Andrews (1992), Cameron (1997) and Kelley (2002).

Species

Ankarapithecus meteai, Palaeopithecus, S. indicus (syn. S. orientalis), S. parvada, S. punjabicus, S. simsoni, S. sivalensis

Sister genera

Palaeopithecus

Synonyms

Ramapithecus was named by Lewis (1934).

It was synonymized subjectively with Sivapithecus by Andrews and Cronin (1982), Kay (1982), Martin (1985) and Andrews (1992).

It was assigned to Hominidae by Kurten (1968); and to Ramapithecinae by Pilbeam et al. (1977).
Palaeopithecus was named by Lydekker (1879).

It was considered a nomen dubium by Andrews and Cronin (1982); it was synonymized subjectively with Sivapithecus by Pilbeam et al. (1977) and Kay (1982).

It was assigned to Simiidae by Pilgrim (1915).
Palaeopithecus sivalensis was named by Lydekker (1879).

It was recombined as Sivapithecus sivalensis by Pilbeam et al. (1977) and Kay (1982); it was considered a nomen dubium by Andrews and Cronin (1982); it was recombined as Presbytis sivalensis by Jablonski (2002).
Ankarapithecus was named by Ozansoy (1965).

It was synonymized subjectively with Sivapithecus by Andrews and Cronin (1982).

It was assigned to Sivapithecinae by Pilbeam et al. (1977).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1879	Palaeopithecus Lydekker
1879	Palaeopithecus sivalensis Lydekker
1910	Sivapithecus Pilgrim
1915	Palaeopithecus sivalensis Pilgrim p. 31
1915	Palaeopithecus Pilgrim p. 32
1915	Sivapithecus Pilgrim p. 35
1934	Ramapithecus Lewis
1965	Ankarapithecus Ozansoy
1968	Ramapithecus Kurten p. 59
1977	Sivapithecus sivalensis Pilbeam et al. p. 692
1977	Ankarapithecus Pilbeam et al. p. 694
1977	Ramapithecus Pilbeam et al. p. 694
1977	Sivapithecus Pilbeam et al. p. 694
1982	Sivapithecus Andrews and Cronin p. 545
1982	Sivapithecus Kay p. 209
1982	Sivapithecus sivalensis Kay p. 211
1992	Sivapithecus Andrews p. 644
1997	Sivapithecus Cameron
1997	Sivapithecus McKenna and Bell
2002	Presbytis sivalensis Jablonski
2002	Sivapithecus Kelley

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Euarchontoglires	Murphy et al. 2001
—	Euarchonta
order	Primates
infraorder	Haplorhini	(Pocock 1918)
—	Anthropoidea	(Mivart 1864)
infraorder	Catarrhini	Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1812
superfamily	Hominoidea	Gray 1825
family	Hominidae	Gray 1825
subfamily	Ponginae	Elliot 1913
tribe	Sivapithecini
genus	Sivapithecus	Pilgrim 1910

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Sivapithecus Pilgrim 1910

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†Sivapithecus indicus Pilgrim 1910

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Invalid names: Sivapithecus orientalis Pilgrim 1927 [synonym]

†Sivapithecus parvada Kelley 1988

†Sivapithecus punjabicus Pilgrim 1910

†Sivapithecus simsoni Kay 1982

Invalid names: Ankarapithecus Ozansoy 1965 [synonym], Palaeopithecus Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium], Ramapithecus Lewis 1934 [synonym], Sivapithecus sivalensis Lydekker 1879 [nomen dubium]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

omnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-06-08 10:11:09

Modified:

2005-08-22 19:23:50

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Lillegraven 1979, Nowak 1991, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Langhian to the top of the Tortonian or 15.97000 to 7.24600 Ma

Collections (11 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Kenya (Nyanza)	S. sp., Ramapithecus wickeri (21339)
Langhian	15.97 - 13.82	Kenya	Ramapithecus wickeri (22069 22078)
MN 5	15.97 - 13.65	Turkey (Bursa)	S. darwini, Ramapithecus wickeri (68547)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	India (Jammu and Kashmir)	S. simonsi, S. indicus, S. sivalensis (11797)
Middle Miocene	15.97 - 11.608	Nepal	S. punjabicus (48666)
Serravallian	13.82 - 11.62	Kenya (Central Nyanza)	Ramapithecus wickeri (21340)
Tortonian	11.62 - 7.246	China (Yunnan)	S. lufengensis, Ramapithecus lufengensis (11798)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	Pakistan	S. indicus (11800 32144)
Late/Upper Miocene	11.608 - 5.333	India (Gujarat)	S. sp. (197656)