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Prototomus

Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae

Taxonomy
Prototomus was named by Cope (1874). It is not extant. It was considered paraphyletic by Peigné et al. (2007).

It was synonymized subjectively with Stypolophus by Cope (1877) and Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Sinopa by Scott (1892), Wortman (1902), Andrews (1906), Matthew (1909), Matthew and Granger (1915) and Simpson (1951); it was synonymized subjectively with Notharctus by Troxell (1926).

It was assigned to Hyaenodontinae by Van Valen (1967); to Proviverrinae by Peigné et al. (2007); to Hyaenodontidae by Cope (1874), McKenna (1960), Van Valen (1965), Van Valen (1966), Gingerich and Deutsch (1989), McKenna and Bell (1997), Gunnell (1998), Solé et al. (2009) and Rose et al. (2012); and to Sinopaninae by Solé (2013) and Solé et al. (2014).

Synonymy list
YearName and author
1874Prototomus Cope
1960Prototomus McKenna
1965Prototomus Van Valen
1966Prototomus Van Valen
1967Prototomus Van Valen
1989Prototomus Gingerich and Deutsch
1997Prototomus McKenna and Bell
1998Prototomus Gunnell
2007Prototomus Peigné et al. p. 453
2009Prototomus Solé et al.
2012Prototomus Rose et al.
2013Prototomus Solé
2014Prototomus Solé et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
orderCreodonta()
orderHyaenodonta()
superfamilyHyaenodontoideaLeidy 1869
familyHyaenodontidaeLeidy 1869
subfamilySinopinae()
genusPrototomusCope 1874

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Prototomus Cope 1874
show all | hide all
†Prototomus deimos Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Prototomus girardoti Smith and Smith 2001
†Prototomus martis Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Prototomus minimus Smith and Smith 2001
†Prototomus phobos Gingerich and Deutsch 1989
†Prototomus robustus Matthew and Granger 1915
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Measurements
No measurements are available
Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingg
Diet: carnivoref
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: "more frequently terrestrial (rather than scansorial)" (Gebo and Rose 1993)g
Created: 2011-04-25 11:47:26
Modified: 2011-04-24 20:47:26
Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Gunnell 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Gebo and Rose 1993, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009

Age range: base of the Wasatchian to the top of the Priabonian or 55.80000 to 33.90000 Ma

Collections (171 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8Belgium (Brabant) P. minimus, P. girardoti (35531)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom P. sp. (87950)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8United Kingdom (England) P. minimus, P. girardoti (38868)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Oise) P. minimus, Hyaenodontidae indet. (68174)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France P. girardoti (125597)
Ypresian56.0 - 47.8France (Marne) P. girardoti (35537)
Lostcabinian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) P. sp. (15915)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Colorado) P. deimos, P. martis, Sinopa sp. (15485) P. martis, P. viverrinus (15480) P. secundarius (15725) P. sp. (15225 15278 15290 15377 15388) Sinopa sp. (15857 15887)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Mississippi) P. sp. (15719)
Wasatchian55.8 - 50.3USA (Wyoming) Paeneprolimnocyon mordax (15912) P. deimos (15729 15753 15759 15819 15832) P. deimos, P. martis (15762) P. deimos, P. martis, P. phobos (15796) P. deimos, P. phobos (15587) P. martis (15586 15588 15594 15623 15683 15695 15698 15733 15754 15755 15756 15763 15764 15770 15792 15824 46639 46744) P. martis, P. phobos (15727 15779 15790 46792 46819) P. mordax (15575 15934) P. phobos (15589 15590 15726 15735 15736 15738 15746 15752 15758 15776 15788 15794 15799 15803 15815 15826 15899 46659 46720 46726 46731 46784 46807 46809 46834 46835 46838) P. phobos, P. robustus (15694 15814 15835) P. robustus (15534 15543 15682 15687 15696 15697 15704 15705 15767 15804 15806 15807 46704 46708 46714 46760 46814 46825 46843) P. robustus, P. secundarius (15706 15707) P. secundarius (15548 15620 15622 15686 15689 46699 46703 46746 46763 46826 186952) P. sp. (15468 15493 15495 15503 15504 15505 15507 15510 15512 15513 15516 15518 15520 15521 15522 15523 15524 15531 15532 15536 15538 15550 15551 15552 15553 15554 15555 15556 15557 15558 15559 15560 15566 15573 15577 15578 15793 15839 15852 27268 46811 46831) P. sp., Prolimnocyon atavus (15491) Sinopa multicuspis (15455 15597 15889) Sinopa viverrina (15723) Tritemnodon sp., Prolimnocyon atavus (15515)
Bumbanian55.8 - 48.6Mongolia (Southern Mongolia) P. sp. (37206)
Early/Lower Eocene55.8 - 48.6USA (Wyoming) P. deimos (154262 154271) P. robustus (15684) P. secundarius (15680 15681)
Bridgerian50.3 - 46.2USA (Wyoming) P. sp. (16397)
Bartonian41.3 - 38.0France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) P. minor (12840)
Priabonian38.0 - 33.9France (Quercy, Midi-Pyrenees Region) P. minor (12849)