PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Sinopa

Mammalia - Creodonta - Hyaenodontidae

Taxonomy

Sinopa was named by Leidy (1871). It is not extant.

It was synonymized subjectively with Stypolophus by Hay (1902); it was synonymized subjectively with Proviverra by Van Valen (1965) and Van Valen (1967).

It was assigned to Carnivora by Leidy (1873); to Proviverridae by Scott (1892); to Hyaenodontidae by Leidy (1871), Wortman (1902), Andrews (1906), Krishtalka and Stucky (1984), Emry (1990), Polly (1996), McKenna and Bell (1997) and Gunnell (1998); to Proviverrinae by Peigné et al. (2007); and to Sinopaninae by Solé (2013), Morlo et al. (2014) and Solé et al. (2014).

Species

S. aculeatus, S. ethiopica, S. eximia, S. grangeri, S. insectivorus, S. jilinia, S. lania, S. major, S. minor, S. pungens, S. rapax (syn. Stypolophus aculeatus), S. viverrinus

Synonyms

Stypolophus was named by Cope (1871). Its type is Stypolophus pungens.

It was synonymized subjectively with Proviverra by Van Valen (1967); it was synonymized subjectively with Sinopa by Scott (1892), Wortman (1902), Andrews (1906), Matthew (1909), Matthew and Granger (1915), Van Valen (1965), Van Valen (1966) and Gunnell (1998).

It was assigned to Creodonta by Cope (1875); to Oxyaenidae by Cope (1880) and Cope (1880); and to Proviverridae by Hay (1902).
Triacodon was named by Marsh (1871). Its type is Triacodon fallax.

It was synonymized subjectively with Viverravus by Wortman (1901) and Schoch (1987); it was considered a nomen dubium by Matthew (1909) and Van Valen (1966); it was synonymized subjectively with Sinopa by Thorpe (1923) and Gunnell (1998).

It was assigned to Proviverridae by Hay (1902).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1871	Stypolophus Cope p. 1
1871	Sinopa Leidy
1871	Triacodon Marsh
1873	Sinopa Leidy p. 316
1875	Stypolophus Cope p. 4
1880	Stypolophus Cope
1892	Sinopa Scott p. 308
1902	Stypolophus Hay p. 751
1902	Triacodon Hay p. 753
1902	Sinopa Wortman p. 435
1906	Sinopa Andrews p. 323
1984	Sinopa Krishtalka and Stucky
1990	Sinopa Emry
1996	Sinopa Polly
1997	Sinopa McKenna and Bell
1998	Sinopa Gunnell
2007	Sinopa Peigné et al. p. 453
2013	Sinopa Solé
2014	Sinopa Morlo et al.
2014	Sinopa Solé et al.

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()

Rank	Name	Author
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes
class	Mammalia
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
order	Creodonta	()
order	Hyaenodonta	()
superfamily	Hyaenodontoidea	Leidy 1869
family	Hyaenodontidae	Leidy 1869
subfamily	Sinopinae	()
genus	Sinopa	Leidy 1871

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Sinopa Leidy 1871

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†Sinopa aculeatus Cope 1872

†Sinopa ethiopica Andrews 1906

†Sinopa eximia Leidy 1873

†Sinopa grangeri Matthew 1906

†Sinopa insectivorus Cope 1871

†Sinopa jilinia Morlo et al. 2014

†Sinopa lania Matthew 1909

†Sinopa major Wortman 1902

†Sinopa minor Wortman 1902

†Sinopa pungens Cope 1872

†Sinopa rapax Leidy 1871

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Invalid names: Stypolophus aculeatus Cope 1872 [synonym]

†Sinopa viverrinus Cope 1874

Invalid names: Stypolophus Cope 1871 [synonym], Triacodon Marsh 1871 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoref

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Created:

2005-08-30 14:44:28

Modified:

2005-08-30 16:44:28

Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Gunnell 1998, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Lillegraven 1979, Ji et al. 2002

Age range: base of the Late/Upper Paleocene to the top of the Rupelian or 58.70000 to 28.10000 Ma

Collections (42 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Paleocene	58.7 - 55.8	Mongolia	S. sp. (133399)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (New Mexico)	Prototomus viverrinus (15452)
Wasatchian	55.8 - 50.3	USA (Wyoming)	Prototomus viverrinus (15534)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Nevada)	S. minor (16218)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Utah)	S. grangeri, S. minor (16396)
Bridgerian	50.3 - 46.2	USA (Wyoming)	Proviverra sp. (16219) S. eximia, S. rapax (16228) S. grangeri, S. pungens (16205) S. lania (223510) S. major (16244 223427 223466 223471 223479 223481 223482 223483) S. minor (16136 16210 16277 16308 16341 223477) S. rapax (16095 16107 16284 16305 16309 16315 16332 16336 16357) S. sp. (15837 16647 129895) S. sp., S. major, S. minor (16201)
Bridgerian - Uintan	50.3 - 39.7	USA (Wyoming)	S. sp. (223465)
Lutetian	47.8 - 41.3	China (Jilin)	S. jilinia (71665)
Early/Lower Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	Proviverra major (16650)
Late/Upper Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	S. major (16614)
Uintan	46.2 - 39.7	USA (Texas)	Proviverra major (16652)
Rupelian	33.9 - 28.1	Egypt (Fayum)	S. ethiopica (65960)