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Hyaena

Mammalia - Carnivora - Hyaenidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1762Hyaena Brisson p. 13
1868Euhyaena Falconer p. 464
1882Hyaena Mivart p. 143
1968Hyaena Kurten p. 63
1988Hyaena Carroll
1991Hyaena Werdelin and Solunias
2006Hyaena Koepfli et al. p. 604
2010Hyaena Werdelin and Peigne p. 641

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
Mammaliaformes
RankNameAuthor
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Ferae()
CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderFeliformiaKretzoi 1945
AeluroideaFlower 1869
infraorderViverroideaGray 1821
familyHyaenidae
genusHyaena

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Hyaena Brisson 1762
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Hyaena donnezani Viret 1954
Hyaena gigantea Schlosser 1903
Hyaena gigantea Holl 1829
Hyaena hipparionum Gervais 1846
Hyaena hyaena Linnaeus 1758 [striped hyaena]
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Hyaena hyaena barbara Blainville 1844
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Invalid names: Hyaena suilla Filippi 1853 [synonym]
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Invalid names: Canis hyaenomelas Bruce 1820 [synonym], Hyaena bergeri Matschie 1910 [synonym], Hyaena dubia Schinz 1821 [synonym], Hyaena rendilis Lönnberg 1912 [synonym], Hyaena schillingsi Matschie 1900 [synonym]
Hyaena hyaena hyaena Linnaeus 1758
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Invalid names: Hyaena antiquorum Temminck 1820 [objective synonym], Hyaena fasciata Thunberg 1820 [objective synonym], Hyaena indica Blainville 1844 [objective synonym], Hyaena orientalis Tiedemann 1808 [objective synonym], Hyaena striata Zimmermann 1777 [synonym], Hyaena virgata Ogilby 1839 [objective synonym], Hyaena vulgaris Desmarest 1820 [synonym]
Hyaena hyaena syriaca Matschie 1900
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Invalid names: Hyaena bilkiewiczi Satunin 1905 [synonym], Hyaena bokcharensis Satunin 1905 [synonym], Hyaena satunini Matschie 1910 [synonym], Hyaena zarudnyi Satunin 1905 [synonym]
Hyaena macrostoma Lydekker 1884
Hyaena makapani Toerien 1952
Hyaena perrieri Croizet and Jobert 1828
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Invalid names: Hyaena arvernensis Croziet and Jobert 1828 [synonym]
Hyaena prisca De Serres 1828
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Invalid names: Hyaena monspessulana Christol 1828 [synonym]
Hyaena salonicae Andrews 1918
Invalid names: Euhyaena Falconer 1868 [objective synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
estimateequationreference
 22.4 kg Mammalia femur diameterGingerich 1990
 47.7 kg Mammalia humerus diameterGingerich 1990
 25.6 kg Mammalia tibia diameterGingerich 1990
mean: 30.1 kg
Measurements
partNmean
femur diameter115.7
humerus diameter121.7
radius diameter111.5
tibia diameter115.8

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: ground dwellingf
Diet: carnivoreg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: "meat/bone group" (Van Valkenburgh 1988)g
Created: 2009-01-04 14:14:09
Modified: 2009-01-04 16:14:09
Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Hendy et al. 2009, Carroll 1988, Van Valkenburgh 1988, Nowak 1991, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the MN 4 to the top of the Holocene or 16.90000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 15.97 Ma

Collections (87 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Miocene23.03 - 5.333France (Vaucluse) H. hipparionum (93328)
Miocene - Pliocene23.03 - 2.588South Africa H. bellax (22229) H. namaquensis (22228)
MN 416.9 - 15.97Egypt H. sp. (53970)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Moldova H. eximia (60271)
Serravallian13.82 - 11.62Ukraine (Odessa) H. eximia (75786)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Moldova H. eximia (75801 75802) H. eximia, H. sp. (75803)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Ukraine (Odessa) H. exima (75797) H. eximia (75794)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Ukraine H. eximia (75800)
Tortonian11.62 - 7.246Georgia H. eldarica, H. sp. (73901)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Thessaloniki) H. salonicae (210627)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Aegean) H. eximia (202120)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Chalkidona) H. eximia (182745 182750)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333China (Shanxi) H. variabilis (179050)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333China H. honanensis (195286) H. variabilis (195284) H. variabilis, H. honanensis (195287)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Greece (Attica) H. eximia, H. chaeretis (182754)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Algeria (Oran) H. algeriensis (136913)
Late/Upper Miocene11.608 - 5.333Moldova (Tighina Departement) H. exima (36143)
Turolian8.7 - 5.333Tajikistan (Sor) H. sp. (34392)
Messinian - Piacenzian7.246 - 2.588South Africa (Cape) H. namaquensis (59167 115166)
Zanclean5.333 - 3.6Kenya (Turkana District) H. sp. (21336)
Ruscinian5.333 - 3.2Spain (Soria) H. pyrenaica (40548)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Spain (La Rioja) H. marini (38892)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Ethiopia H. sp. (21754 21755)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588South Africa H. hyaena (22339 22357) H. makapani (22356)
Pliocene5.333 - 2.588Spain (Albacete) H. sp. (40564)
Pliocene - Calabrian5.333 - 0.781South Africa H. hyaena (21791)
MN 15 - MN 164.2 - 2.588Ukraine H. sp. (50943)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Egypt H. sp. (22592)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Russian Federation H. sp. (76530)
Late/Upper Pliocene3.6 - 2.588Egypt (Al Buhayrah) H. sp. (42119)
Piacenzian3.6 - 2.588Chad H. sp. (22506)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781Kenya (Rift Valley) H. hyaena (21291 21293)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Early/Lower Pleistocene3.6 - 0.781China (Hebei) H. sp. (231023)
Late/Upper Pliocene - Pleistocene3.6 - 0.0117South Africa H. bellax (22334)
Pleistocene - Neogene2.588 - 2.588Greece H. pyrenaica (34607)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806Kenya (Rift Valley) H. hyaena (21305 21354)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806United Kingdom (England) H. sp. (48093)
MN 172.588 - 1.806Spain (Teruel) H. perrieri (36112)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Netherlands H. perrieri (189574)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Germany (Rheinland-Pfalz) H. sp. (50000)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781France (Auvergne) H. sp. (47830)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781Greece (Dodecanese) H. sp. (204662)
Gelasian - Calabrian2.588 - 0.781Ethiopia (Ethiopian Rift) H. sp. (22492 22498)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117China (Yunnan) H. sp. (36584 36585 36587)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Egypt H. hyaena (21892 21898 21906)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Kenya H. hyaena (21963)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Greece (Chalkidiki) Pliohyaena perrieri (183123)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Italy (Toscana) H. sp. (36373)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Israel H. prisca (39252)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Morocco H. hyaena (21856)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Egypt (Kom Ombo Plain) H. hyaena (22536)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0Egypt H. hyaena (21900)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Germany (Bayern) H. sp. (36220)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Austria (Niederoesterreich) H. striata (50258)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126France (Haute-Pyrenees) H. prisca (49094)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126China (Guangxi) H. sp. (38649)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126France (Languedoc-Roussillon) H. sp. (47832)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126Morocco H. hyaena (34287 34330 42866)
Middle Pleistocene0.781 - 0.126United Kingdom (England) H. sp. (49989)
Middle Pleistocene - Late/Upper Pleistocene0.781 - 0.0117Kenya H. hyaena (21277)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.126 - 0.0117Israel (Mount Carmel) H. prisca (11803)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.126 - 0.0Greece (Peloponnesus) H. sp. (184243)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Tanzania H. hyaena (21690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Sudan H. hyaena (21902 21958 208786 208787)