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Phocadae (seal)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Phocadae

Taxonomy
Phocadae was named by Gray (1821). It is extant. Its type is Phoca.

It was corrected as Phocidae by Gray (1825), Bonaparte (1849), Bonaparte (1850), Gill (1866), Gray (1871), Allen (1880), Flower (1883), Ameghino (1889), Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Trouessart (1898), Hay (1902), Trouessart (1904), Jaekel (1911), Turner (1912), Kellogg (1922), Zittel (1925), Weber (1928), Dal Piaz (1929), Hay (1930), Sherman (1952), Scheffer and Rice (1963), Burns and Fay (1970), Stirling (1971), Ginsburg and Janvier (1971), Hendey (1974), Tedford (1976), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Muizon (1982), Thomas et al. (1982), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), Carroll (1988), Berta et al. (1989), Riedman (1990), Vidal (1991), Berta (1991), Nowak (1991), Ling and Bryden (1992), Berta (1994), Berta (1994), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), Ginsburg and Janvier (1999), Koretsky (2001), Cozzuol (2001), Rice (2002), Berta (2002), Koretsky and Grigorescu (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Adam (2004), Davis et al. (2004), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Rice (2009), Canto et al. (2010), Diedrich (2011), Koretsky et al. (2012), Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2013), Koretsky and Rahmat (2013), Koretsky et al. (2014), Koretsky and Domning (2014), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015), Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2015), Koretsky et al. (2015), Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2016), Boessenecker and Churchill (2016), Rahmat and Koretsky (2016), Berta (2017), Rahmat and Koretsky (2018), Dewaele and Lambert (2018), Berta (2018), Kienle and Berta (2019), Hafed et al. (2021), Dewaele and de Muizon (2024) and Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2024).

It was assigned to Amphibiae by Gray (1821); to Ferae by Gray (1825); to Phocidi by Jaekel (1911); to Musteloidea by Tedford (1976) and Muizon (1982); to Arctoidea by Carroll (1988); to Pinnipedia by Bonaparte (1849), Bonaparte (1850), Gill (1866), Gray (1871), Allen (1880), Flower (1883), Trouessart (1898), Trouessart (1904), Kellogg (1922), Dal Piaz (1929), Hay (1930), Stirling (1971), Ginsburg and Janvier (1971), Thomas et al. (1982), Berta et al. (1989), Berta (1991), Nowak (1991), Berta (1994) and Davis et al. (2004); to Caniformia by Wilson and Reeder (2005); to Carnivora by Cozzuol (2001), Canto et al. (2010) and Koretsky and Domning (2014); to Pinnipedia by Cope (1889), Flower and Lydekker (1891), Hay (1902), Turner (1912), Zittel (1925), Weber (1928), Sherman (1952), Hendey (1974), Kurten and Anderson (1980), Kovacs and Lavigne (1986), Vidal (1991), Ginsburg and Janvier (1999), Adam (2004), Diedrich (2011) and Boessenecker and Churchill (2016); to Phocomorpha by Kienle and Berta (2019); to Phocoidea by Scheffer and Rice (1963), Burns and Fay (1970), Riedman (1990), Ling and Bryden (1992), Berta (1994), McKenna and Bell (1997), Rice (1998), Koretsky (2001), Rice (2002), Berta (2002), Koretsky and Grigorescu (2002), Deméré et al. (2003), Rice (2009), Koretsky et al. (2012), Koretsky and Rahmat (2013), Koretsky et al. (2014), Boessenecker and Churchill (2015), Koretsky et al. (2015), Rahmat and Koretsky (2016), Rahmat and Koretsky (2018) and Hafed et al. (2021); and to Pinnipedia by Ameghino (1889), Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2013), Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2015), Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2016), Berta (2017), Dewaele and Lambert (2018), Berta (2018), Dewaele and de Muizon (2024) and Valenzuela-Toro et al. (2024).

Subtaxa
Phocinae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1821Phocadae Gray p. 302
1825Phocidae Gray p. 340
1849Phocidae Bonaparte p. 618
1850Phocidae Bonaparte p. 1
1850Manatus maeoticus Eichwald
1860Manatus maeoticus Nordmann p. 330
1860Phoca ambigua Staring
1866Phocidae Gill p. 5
1871Phocidae Gray p. 1
1880Phocidae Allen p. 412
1883Phocidae Flower p. 186
1889Phocidae Ameghino p. 342
1889Phocidae Cope p. 876
1891Phocidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1898Phocidae Trouessart p. 377
1902Phocidae Hay p. 784
1904Phocidae Trouessart p. 282
1911Phocidae Jaekel p. 229
1912Phocidae Turner p. 177
1922Phocidae Kellogg p. 44
1924Phoca novorossica Alekseev p. 202 figs. Plate 1, Figures 8-11
1925Phoca novorossica Alekseev p. 138
1925Phoca bessarabica Simonescu
1925Phocidae Zittel p. 78
1928Phocidae Weber p. 351
1929Phocidae Dal Piaz p. 71
1930Phocidae Hay p. 561
1931Phoca bessarabica Simionescu p. 187
1937Miophoca vetusta Zapfe
1937Miophoca Zapfe p. 275
1937Miophoca vetusta Zapfe p. 275 figs. Figure 1
1944Phoca bessarabica Macarovici p. 136
1944Manatus maeoticus Macarovici p. 137
1947Monachus (Miophoca) Friant p. 6
1947Monachus (Miophoca) vetusta Friant p. 6
1947Phoca (Phoca) bessarabica Friant p. 7
1947Phoca (Phoca) novorossica Friant p. 7
1950Pristiphoca (Miophoca) Thenius p. 106
1950Pristiphoca (Miophoca) vetusta Thenius p. 107
1952Phocidae Sherman p. 90
1960Phoca bessarabica McLaren p. 58
1960Phoca novorossica McLaren p. 58
1963Phocidae Scheffer and Rice p. 3
1970Phocidae Burns and Fay p. 379
1971Phocidae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 162
1971Phocidae Stirling pp. 1-3
1974Phocidae Hendey p. 66
1976Phocidae Tedford p. 372
1980Phocidae Kurten and Anderson p. 204
1982Phocidae Muizon p. 262 figs. Fig. 1
1982Phocidae Thomas et al. p. 1
1986Phocidae Kovacs and Lavigne p. 1
1988Phocidae Carroll
1989Phocidae Berta et al. p. 61 figs. Fig. 3
1990Phocidae Riedman p. 57 figs. Table 2
1991Phocidae Berta p. 29 figs. Fig. 22
1991Phocidae Nowak
1991Phocidae Vidal p. 6
1992Phocidae Ling and Bryden p. 1
1994Phocidae Berta p. 25 figs. Fig. 21
1997Phocidae McKenna and Bell p. 254
1998Phocidae Rice
1999Phocidae Ginsburg and Janvier p. 170
2001Phocidae Cozzuol p. 415
2001Phocidae Koretsky p. 33
2001Miophoca Koretsky p. 87
2001Miophoca vetusta Koretsky p. 87
2002Phocidae Berta p. 923
2002Phocidae Koretsky and Grigorescu p. 150
2002Phocidae Rice p. 231 figs. Table 1
2003Phocidae Deméré et al. p. 49 figs. Fig. 3.3
2003Pristiphoca vetusta Deméré et al. p. 63
2004Phocidae Adam p. 1
2004Phocidae Davis et al. p. 372
2005Phocidae Wilson and Reeder
2009Phocidae Rice p. 235 figs. Table 1
2010Phocidae Canto et al. p. 22
2011Phocidae Diedrich p. 916
2012Phocidae Koretsky et al. p. 5
2013Phocidae Koretsky and Rahmat p. 330
2013Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al. p. 217
2014Phocidae Koretsky and Domning p. 224
2014Phocidae Koretsky et al. p. 421
2015Phocidae Boessenecker and Churchill p. 3
2015Phocidae Koretsky et al. p. 58
2015Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al.
2016Phocidae Boessenecker and Churchill
2016Phocidae Rahmat and Koretsky p. 73
2016Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al. p. 4
2017Phocidae Berta p. 156
2018Phocidae Berta p. 713 figs. Fig. 2
2018Phocidae Dewaele and Lambert p. 6
2018Phocidae Rahmat and Koretsky p. 511
2019Phocidae Kienle and Berta
2021Phocidae Hafed et al. p. 707
2024Phocidae Dewaele and de Muizon p. 34
2024Phocidae Valenzuela-Toro et al.

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
RankNameAuthor
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
—PanpinnipediaWolsan et al. 2020
—Pinnipedimorpha
—Pinnipedia()
superfamilyPhocoideaSmirnov 1908
familyPhocadae
familyPhocadae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Phocadae Gray 1821 [seal]
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Subfm. Phocinae Gray 1821 [seal]
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G. †Batavipusa Koretsky and Peters 2008
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†Batavipusa neerlandica Koretsky and Peters 2008
G. †Cryptophoca Koretsky and Ray 1994
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†Cryptophoca maeotica Nordmann 1860
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Invalid names: Monotherium maeotica Koretsky 2001 [synonym]
G. Cystophora Nilsson 1820 [hooded seal]
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Cystophora cristata Erxleben 1779 [hooded seal]
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Invalid names: Cystophora borealis Nilsson 1820 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cystophoca Schufeldt 1890 [synonym], Stemmatopis Gloger 1841 [synonym], Stemmatops Van der Hoeven 1855 [synonym], Stemmatopus Cuvier 1824 [synonym]
Tr. Cystophorini Gray 1866
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G. †Pachyphoca Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
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†Pachyphoca chapskii Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
†Pachyphoca ukrainica Koretsky and Rahmat 2013
†Pachyphoca volkodavi Tarasenko 2022
G. Erignathus Gill 1866 [bearded seal]
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Erignathus barbatus Erxleben 1777 [bearded seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca nautica Pallas 1811 [synonym]
G. †Frisiphoca Dewaele et al. 2018
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†Frisiphoca aberratum Vanden Broeck 1874
†Frisiphoca affine Vanden Broeck 1874
G. †Gryphoca Van Beneden 1876
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†Gryphoca nordica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Gryphoca similis Van Beneden 1876
G. Halichoerus Nilsson 1820 [grey seal]
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Subg. Halichoerus (Halichoerus) Trouessart 1898
Halichoerus grypus Fabricius 1791 [grey seal]
G. Histriophoca Gill 1873 [ribbon seal]
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†Histriophoca alekseevi Koretsky 2001
Histriophoca fasciata Zimmermann 1783 [ribbon seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca equestris Pallas 1831 [synonym]
G. †Kawas Cozzuol 2001
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†Kawas benegasorum Cozzuol 2001
G. †Leptophoca True 1906
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†Leptophoca proxima Van Beneden 1876
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Invalid names: Leptophoca lenis True 1906 [synonym]
G. †Monachopsis Kretzoi 1941
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†Monachopsis pontica Eichwald 1850
G. †Nanophoca Dewaele et al. 2017
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†Nanophoca vitulinoides Van Beneden 1876
G. †Necromites Bogachev 1940
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†Necromites nestoris Bogachev 1940
G. Pagophilus Gray 1844 [harp seal]
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Pagophilus groenlandica Erxleben 1777 [harp seal]
G. Phoca Linnaeus 1758 [seal]
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Subg. Phoca (Phoca) Trouessart 1898
Phoca caspica Nilsson 1837
Phoca hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
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Invalid names: Phoca annellata Nillson 1820 [synonym]
Phoca largha Pallas 1811
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Invalid names: Phoca insularis Belkin 1964 [synonym]
†Phoca moori Newton 1890
Phoca vitulina Linnaeus 1758 [harbor seal]
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Invalid names: Halichoerus antarcticus Peale 1848 [synonym]
Invalid names: Arctias Rafinesque 1815 [synonym], Callocephalus Cuvier 1827 [synonym], Caspiopusa Dybowski 1929 [synonym], Halicyon Gray 1864 [synonym], Haliphilus Gray 1866 [synonym], Pagomys Gray 1860 [synonym], Pagophoca Trouessart 1904 [synonym]
G. †Phocanella Van Beneden 1876
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†Phocanella pumila Van Beneden 1876
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Invalid names: Phocanella minor Van Beneden 1876 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phoca (Phocanella) straeleni Friant 1944 [nomen dubium], Phocanella couffoni Friant 1947 [nomen dubium]
Tr. Phocini Gray 1821
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Subtr. Phocina Gray 1825
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G. †Planopusa Koretsky and Rahmat 2021
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†Planopusa semenovi Koretsky and Rahmat 2021
Invalid names: Histriophocina Koretsky 2001 [empty], Phocinina Koretsky 2001 [empty]
G. †Platyphoca Van Beneden 1876
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†Platyphoca danica Koretsky et al. 2014
†Platyphoca vulgaris Van Beneden 1876
G. †Praepusa Kretzoi 1941
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†Praepusa boeska Koretsky et al. 2015
†Praepusa magyaricus Koretsky 2003
†Praepusa pannonica Kretzoi 1941
†Praepusa procaspica Gadzhiev 1961
†Praepusa tarchankutica Antoniuk and Koretsky 1984
†Praepusa vindobonensis Toula 1897
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Invalid names: Phoca holitschensis Bruhl 1860 [synonym], Phoca viennensis Blainville 1864 [synonym]
Invalid names: Phoca viennensis antiqua Blainville 1842 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Prophoca Van Beneden 1876
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†Prophoca rousseaui Van Beneden 1876
G. Pusa Scopoli 1777 [Arctic seal]
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Pusa caspica Nilsson 1837
Pusa hispida Schreber 1775 [ringed seal]
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Pusa hispida saimensis Nordquist 1900
Invalid names: Phoca (Phoca) foetida Fabricius 1776 [synonym]
Pusa sibirica Gmelin 1788
G. †Sarmatonectes Koretsky 2001
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†Sarmatonectes sintsovi Koretsky 2001
Invalid names: Erignathini Chapski 1955 [empty], Leptophoca amphiatlantica Koretsky et al. 2012 [nomen dubium]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available