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Canidae (canid)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Canidae

Synonyms
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1817Canidae Fischer de Waldheim
1821Canidae Gray p. 301
1850Canidae Bonaparte p. 1
1871Amphicyon angustidens Marsh p. 124
1873Canidae Leidy p. 315
1875Canidae Cope p. 5–6
1883Canidae Flower p. 186
1889Canidae Cope p. 876
1891Canidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91
1902Canidae Hay p. 769
1902Daphoenus angustidens Hay p. 772
1908Canidae Lambe
1911Canidae Jaekel p. 229
1922Cynodictis angustidens Thorpe
1948Pseudocynodictis angustidens Hough
1952Hesperocyon angustidens Green
1965Canidae Savage p. 288
1968Canidae Kurten p. 108
1970Hesperocyon angustidens Macdonald
1974Canidae Hendey p. 67
1980Canidae Kurten and Anderson p. 165
1988Canidae Carroll
1989Canidae Shoshani et al. p. 436
1991Canidae Bryant p. 60
1991Canidae Nowak
1992Canidae Wang and Tedford p. 225
1994Canidae Wang p. 18
1999Canidae Wang et al. p. 21
2005Canidae Wilson and Reeder
2006Canidae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 5
2006Canidae Sotnikova
2006Canidae Spassov and Rook
2007Canidae de Bonis et al.
2008Canidae García
2008Canidae Garrido and Arribas
2008Canidae Tedford and Wang p. 273
2008Canidae Wang and Tedford
2009Canidae Tedford et al. p. 13
2011Canidae Geraads
2011Canidae Tomiya p. 2
2013Canidae Hartstone-Rose et al.
2014Canidae Ramirez and Prevosti
2014Canidae Welsh
2014Canidae Werdelin et al.
2015Canidae Madurell-Malapeira et al.
2015Canidae Wang et al.
2016Canidae Tseng and Geisler p. 1
2017Canidae Amri et al.
2018Canidae Eshelman et al. p. 8
2020Canidae Lofgren et al.
2021Canidae Bartolini Lucenti
2022Canidae Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov
2022Canidae Bōgner and Samuels
2022Canidae Jiangzuo et al.
2022Canidae Korth et al.
2022Canidae Valenciano et al.
2023Canidae Fourvel and Frerebeau
2023Canidae Prevosti

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
Bilateria
EubilateriaAx 1987
Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
Tetrapoda
Reptiliomorpha
Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
Cotylosauria()
Amniota
subclassSynapsida
Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
Mammaliamorpha
RankNameAuthor
Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
Theriiformes()
Trechnotheria
Cladotheria
Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
Eutheria()
Placentalia
Boreoeutheria
Laurasiatheria
Scrotifera
Ferae()
CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
familyCanidae
familyCanidae

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

Fm. Canidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 [canid]
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G. Alopex Kaup 1829 [Arctic fox]
+
Alopex praeglacialis Kormos 1932
Subfm. †Borophaginae Simpson 1945 [bone-crushing dog]
+
G. †Archaeocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
Archaeocyon falkenbachi Wang et al. 1999
Archaeocyon leptodus Schlaikjer 1935
Archaeocyon pavidus Stock 1933
Tr. †Borophagini Simpson 1945
+
Subtr. †Aelurodontina Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Aelurodon Leidy 1858
+
Aelurodon asthenostylus Wang et al. 1999
Aelurodon ferox Leidy 1858
+
Invalid names: Aelurodon platyrhinus Barbour and Cook 1917 [synonym], Canis wheelerianus Cope 1877 [synonym], Tephrocyon marshi Thorpe 1922 [synonym]
Aelurodon mcgrewi Wang et al. 1999
Aelurodon montanensis Wang et al. 2004
Aelurodon stirtoni Wang et al. 1999
Aelurodon taxoides Hatcher 1894
+
Invalid names: Euoplocyon magnus Matthew 1924 [synonym], Tomarctus propter Cook and Macdonald 1962 [synonym]
Invalid names: Prohyaena Schlosser 1890 [synonym], Strobodon Webb 1969 [synonym]
G. †Tomarctus Cope 1873
+
+
Invalid names: Aelurodon francisi Hay 1924 [synonym], Aelurodon simulans Hay 1924 [synonym]
Tomarctus hippophaga Matthew and Cook 1909
Subtr. †Borophagina Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Carpocyon Webb 1969
+
Carpocyon compressus Cope 1890
+
Invalid names: Cynodesmus cuspidatus Thorpe 1922 [synonym]
Carpocyon limosus Webb 1969
Carpocyon robustus Green 1948
Carpocyon webbi Wang et al. 1999
G. †Epicyon Leidy 1858
+
Aelurodon saevus secundus Matthew and Cook 1909
Epicyon aelurodontoides Wang et al. 1999
Epicyon haydeni Leidy 1858
+
Aelurodon haydeni validus Matthew and Cook 1909
Invalid names: Aelurodon aphobus Merriam 1919 [synonym], Osteoborus ricardoensis Stirton and VanderHoof 1933 [synonym], Osteoborus validus Stirton and Vanderhoof 1933 [synonym], Tephrocyon mortifer Cook 1914 [synonym]
Epicyon saevus Leidy 1858
+
Invalid names: Aelurodon inflatus VanderHoof and Gregory 1940 [synonym]
G. †Paratomarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
Paratomarctus euthos McGrew 1935
+
Invalid names: Canis anceps Scott 1893 [synonym]
G. †Protepicyon Wang et al. 1999
+
Protepicyon raki Wang et al. 1999
G. †Cormocyon Wang and Tedford 1992
+
Cormocyon copei Wang and Tedford 1992
Cormocyon haydeni Wang et al. 1999
Subtr. †Cynarctina Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Cynarctus Matthew 1902
+
Cynarctus crucidens Barbour and Cook 1914
+
Invalid names: Cynarctus fortidens Hall and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
Cynarctus galushai Wang et al. 1999
Cynarctus marylandica Berry 1938
Cynarctus saxatilis Matthew 1902
Cynarctus voorhiesi Wang et al. 1999
Cynarctus wangi Jasinski and Wallace 2015
G. †Euoplocyon Matthew 1924
+
Euoplocyon brachygnathus Douglass 1903
+
Invalid names: Euoplocyon praedator Matthew 1924 [synonym]
Euoplocyon spissidens White 1947
G. †Metatomarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
Metatomarctus canavus Simpson 1932
+
Invalid names: Nothocyon insularis White 1942 [synonym], Tomarctus thomasi White 1941 [synonym]
G. †Microtomarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
Microtomarctus conferta Matthew 1918
+
Invalid names: Tomarctus paulus Henshaw 1942 [synonym]
G. †Paracynarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
Paracynarctus kelloggi Merriam 1911
+
Invalid names: Cynodesmus casei Wilson 1939 [synonym]
Paracynarctus sinclairi Wang et al. 1999
G. †Protomarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
Protomarctus optatus Matthew 1924
G. †Psalidocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
Psalidocyon marianae Wang et al. 1999
G. †Tephrocyon Merriam 1906
+
Tephrocyon rurestris Condon 1896
G. †Desmocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
Desmocyon matthewi Wang et al. 1999
Desmocyon thomsoni Matthew 1907
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Invalid names: Nothocyon regulus Cook and Macdonald 1962 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cynodesmus petersoni Radinsky 1973 [nomen nudum]
G. †Borophagus Cope 1892
+
+
Invalid names: Felis hillanus Cope 1893 [synonym], Hyaenognathus matthewi Freudenberg 1910 [synonym], Hyaenognathus pachyodon Merriam 1903 [synonym], Hyaenognathus solus Stock 1932 [synonym], Porthocyon dubius Merriam 1903 [synonym]
Borophagus dudleyi White 1941
Borophagus hilli Johnston 1939
+
Invalid names: Osteoborus crassapineatus Olsen 1956 [synonym], Osteoborus progressus Hibbard 1944 [synonym]
Borophagus littoralis VanderHoof 1931
+
Invalid names: Osteoborus diabloensis Richey 1938 [synonym]
Borophagus orc Webb 1969
Borophagus parvus Wang et al. 1999
Borophagus pugnator Cook 1922
+
Invalid names: Osteoborus galushai Webb 1969 [synonym]
Borophagus secundus VanderHoof 1931
+
Invalid names: Hyaenognathus cyonoides Martin 1928 [synonym], Hyaenognathus direptor Matthew 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cynogulo [synonym], Hyaenognathus Merriam 1903 [synonym], Osteoborus Stirton and VanderHoof 1933 [synonym], Pliogulo White 1941 [synonym], Porthocyon Merriam 1903 [synonym]
G. †Otarocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
Otarocyon cooki Macdonald 1963
Otarocyon cuspidatus Green 1954
Otarocyon macdonaldi Wang et al. 1999
G. †Oxetocyon Green 1954
+
Oxetocyon cuspidatus Green 1954
Tr. †Phlaocyonini Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Cynarctoides McGrew 1938
+
Cynarctoides acridens Barbour and Cook 1914
+
Invalid names: Cynarctus mustelinus Matthew 1932 [synonym]
Cynarctoides emryi Wang et al. 1999
Cynarctoides gawnae Wang et al. 1999
Cynarctoides harlowi Loomis 1932
Cynarctoides lemur Cope 1879
Cynarctoides luskensis Wang et al. 1999
Cynarctoides roii Macdonald 1963
Cynarctoides whistleri Wang and Tedford 2008
G. †Phlaocyon Matthew 1899
+
Phlaocyon achoros Frailey 1979
Phlaocyon annectens Peterson 1907
+
Invalid names: Phlaocyon willistoni Peterson 1923 [synonym]
Phlaocyon latidens Cope 1881
Phlaocyon leucosteus Matthew 1899
Phlaocyon mariae Wang et al. 1999
Phlaocyon marslandensis McGrew 1941
Phlaocyon minor Matthew 1907
Phlaocyon multicuspus Romer and Sutton 1927
Phlaocyon taylori Hayes 2000
Phlaocyon yatkolai Wang et al. 1999
Invalid names: Aletocyon Romer and Sutton 1927 [synonym], Bassariscops Peterson 1928 [synonym]
G. †Rhizocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
Rhizocyon oregonensis Merriam 1906
Subfm. Caninae Gill 1872 [canine]
+
G. †Aenocyon Merriam 1918
+
Aenocyon dirus Leidy 1858 [dire wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis ayersi Sellards 1916 [synonym], Canis indianensis Leidy 1869 [synonym], Canis mississippiensis Allen 1876 [synonym], Canis nehringi Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Canis primaevus Hodgson 1833 [synonym]
Invalid names: Stereocyon Mercerat 1917 [synonym]
Tr. †Canini Fischer de Waldheim 1817
+
Subtr. Canina Gray 1825
+
G. †Nurocyon Sotnikova 2006
+
Nurocyon chonokhariensis Sotnikova 2006
Subtr. †Cerdocyonina Tedford et al. 2009
+
G. Atelocynus Cabrera 1940 [short-eared dog]
+
Atelocynus microtis Sclater 1883 [short-eared dog]
+
Invalid names: Carcinocyon sclateri Allen 1905 [synonym]
G. Cerdocyon Hamilton-Smith 1839 [crab-eating fox]
+
Cerdocyon texanus Tedford et al. 2009
Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus 1766 [crab eating fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis azarae Wied 1824 [synonym], Canis brachyteles Blainville 1843 [synonym], Canis cancrivorus Brongniart 1792 [synonym], Canis entrerianus Burmeister 1861 [synonym], Canis melampus Wagner 1841 [synonym], Canis melanostomus Wagner 1843 [synonym], Canis robustior Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis rudis Günther 1879 [synonym], Cerdocyon apollinaris Allen 1918 [synonym], Cerdocyon guaraxa Hamilton Smith 1839 [synonym], Cerdocyon mimax Thomas 1914 [synonym], Cerdocyon tucumanus Thomas 1921 [synonym], Urocyon aquilus Bangs 1898 [synonym]
Invalid names: Carcinocyon Allen 1905 [synonym]
G. †Dusicyon Hamilton Smith 1839 [Falkland Island wolf]
+
Dusicyon australis Kerr 1972 [Falkland Island fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis (Pseudalopex) australis Kerr 1792 [synonym], Dusicyon darwini Thomas 1914 [synonym], Pseudalopex antarcticus Bechstein 1799 [synonym]
Dusicyon avus Burmeister 1866
+
Invalid names: Canis platensis Mercerat 1891 [synonym]
Dusicyon cultridens Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Dusicyon culpaeolus Thomas 1914 [nomen dubium], Dusicyon inca Thomas 1914 [nomen dubium]
G. Speothos Lund 1839 [bush dog]
+
Speothos pacivorus Lund 1839
+
Invalid names: Abathmodon fossilis Lund 1843 [synonym]
Speothos venaticus Lund 1842 [bush dog]
+
Invalid names: Speothos major Lund 1843 [synonym]
Invalid names: Abathmodon Lund 1843 [synonym]
G. †Eucyon Tedford and Qiu 1996
+
Eucyon adoxus Martin 1971
Eucyon davisi Merriam 1911
+
Invalid names: Canis condoni Shotwell 1956 [synonym], Leptocyon shermanensis Hibbard 1937 [synonym]
Eucyon debonisi Montoya et al. 2009
Eucyon ferox Miller and Carranza-Castaneda 1998
Eucyon intrepidus Morales et al. 2005
Eucyon khoikhoi Valenciano et al. 2022
Eucyon kuta Werdelin et al. 2014
Eucyon marinae Spassov and Rook 2006
Eucyon minor Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Eucyon monticinensis Rook 1992
Eucyon odessanus Odintzov 1967
Eucyon skinneri Tedford et al. 2009
Eucyon wokari García 2008
Eucyon zhoui Tedford and Qiu 1996
G. †Sinicuon Kretzoi 1941
+
Sinicuon dubius Teilhard de Chardin 1940
+
Invalid names: Sinicuon peii Kretzoi 1941 [objective synonym]
G. †Xenocyon Kretzoi 1938
+
Xenocyon africanus Pohle 1928
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Invalid names: Canis atrox Broom 1946 [synonym]
Xenocyon antonii Zdansky 1924
Xenocyon brevicephalus Qiu et al. 2004
Xenocyon dubius Teilhard de Chardin 1940
Xenocyon falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877
Xenocyon lycaonoides Kretzoi 1938
+
Invalid names: Cuon rosi Pons-Moyá and Moyá-Solá 1978 [synonym], Cuon stehlini Thenius 1954 [synonym]
Xenocyon texanus Troxell 1915
G. Canis Linnaeus 1758 [canine]
+
Subg. †Canis (Epicyon) Leidy 1858
Canis accitanus Garrido and Arribas 2008
Canis adoxus Martin 1971
Canis apolloniensis Koufos and Kostopoulos 1997
Canis armbrusteri Gidley 1913
Canis arnensis Del Campana 1913
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 [golden jackal]
Canis borjgali Bartolini-Lucenti et al. 2020
Canis cana Blanford 1877 [Blanfords fox]
Canis cedazoensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975
Canis ceylonicus Shaw 1800
Canis chihliensis Zdansky 1924
Canis chihliensis palmidens Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Canis cipio Crusafont-Pairó 1950
Canis culpaeus Molina 1782 [culpeo]
Canis dingo Blumenbach 1780 [dingo]
Canis edwardii Gazin 1942
Canis etruscus Forsyth Major 1877
+
Invalid names: Canis majori Del Campana 1913 [synonym], Canis olivolanus Del Campana 1913 [synonym]
Canis familiaris Linnaeus 1758 [dog]
+
Canis familiaris sagax Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Pachycyon robustus Allen 1885 [synonym]
Canis feneus Tedford et al. 2009
Canis geismarianus Cope 1878
Canis gezi Kraglievich 1928
+
Invalid names: Macrocyon chapalmalensis Frenguelli 1929 [synonym]
Canis hewitti Fourvel and Frerebeau 2023
Canis incertus D'Orbigny and Laurillard 1842
Canis latidentatus Cope 1899
Canis latrans Say 1823 [coyote]
+
Invalid names: Canis andersoni Merriam 1910 [synonym], Canis caneloensis Skinner 1942 [synonym], Canis clepticus Eliot 1903 [synonym], Canis estor Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis frustror Woodhouse 1851 [synonym], Canis goldmani Merriam 1904 [synonym], Canis hondurensis Goldman 1936 [synonym], Canis impavidus Allen 1903 [synonym], Canis irvingtonensis Savage 1951 [synonym], Canis jamesi Townsend 1912 [synonym], Canis lestes Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis mearnsi Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis microdon Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis nebrascensis Merriam 1898 [synonym], Canis ochropus Eschscholtz 1829 [synonym], Canis orcutti Merriam 1910 [synonym], Canis peninsulae Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis riviveronis Hay 1917 [synonym], Canis vigilis Merriam 1897 [synonym], Lyciscus cagottis Hamilton-Smith 1839 [synonym]
Canis lepophagus Johnston 1938
Canis longdanensis Qiu et al. 2004
Canis lupaster Hemprich and Eherenberg 1832 [African wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis anthus Cuvier 1820 [synonym]
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 [gray wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis chanco Gray 1863 [synonym], Canis furlongi Hay 1927 [synonym], Canis hodophilax Temminck 1839 [synonym], Canis lycaon Schreber 1775 [synonym], Canis milleri Merriam 1912 [synonym], Canis niger Sclater 1874 [synonym], Canis nubilus Say 1823 [synonym], Canis occidentalis Richardson 1829 [synonym], Canis pallipes Sykes 1831 [synonym], Canis pambasileus Elliot 1905 [synonym], Canis petrolei Stock 1938 [synonym], Canis tundrarum Miller 1912 [synonym], Canis variabilis Wied-Neuwied 1841 [synonym], Lupus altaicus Noak 1911 [synonym], Lupus filchneri Matschie 1908 [synonym], Lupus gigas Townsend 1850 [synonym], Lupus karanorensis Matschie 1908 [synonym], Lupus laniger Hodgson 1847 [synonym], Lupus orientalis Wagner 1841 [synonym], Lupus tschiliensis Matschie 1908 [synonym]
Canis lydekkeri Ameghino 1889
Canis megamastoides Pomel 1842
Canis michauxi Martin 1971
Canis monticinensis Rook 1992
Canis mosbachensis Soergel 1925
+
+
Invalid names: Canis cyonoides Pei 1934 [synonym]
Canis osorum Cope 1873
Canis othmanii Amri et al. 2017
Canis palaeoplatensis Ameghino 1891
Canis palmidens Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
Canis proplatensis Ameghino 1891
Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman 1851 [red wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis floridanus Miller 1912 [synonym], Canis priscolatrans Cope 1899 [synonym], Lupus niger Bartram 1791 [synonym]
Canis sechurae Thomas 1900 [Sechuran fox]
Canis senezensis Martin 1971
Canis simensis Rüppell 1835 [Ethiopian wolf]
Canis tarijensis Ameghino 1902
Canis teilhardi Qiu et al. 2004
Canis thooides Tedford et al. 2009
Canis troglodytes Lund 1938
+
Invalid names: Canis spelaeus Lund 1837 [replaced]
Canis variabilis Pei 1934
Canis vetulus Lund 1842 [Hoary fox]
Invalid names: Lyciscus Hamilton-Smith 1839 [synonym], Nyctereutes terblanchei Broom 1948 [nomen dubium], Pachycyon Allen 1885 [synonym]
G. Chrysocyon Hamilton-Smith 1839 [maned wolf]
+
Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815 [maned wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis isodactylus Ameghino 1906 [synonym], Canis jubatus Desmarest 1820 [synonym], Vulpes cancrosa Oken 1816 [synonym]
Chrysocyon nearcticus Tedford et al. 2009
G. †Leptocyon Matthew 1918
+
Leptocyon delicatus Loomis 1932
Leptocyon douglassi Tedford et al. 2009
Leptocyon gregorii Matthew 1907
Leptocyon leidyi Tedford et al. 2009
Leptocyon matthewi Tedford et al. 2009
Leptocyon mollis Merriam 1906
Leptocyon tejonensis Tedford et al. 2009
Leptocyon vafer Leidy 1858
Leptocyon vulpinus Matthew 1907
Invalid names: Neocynodesmus Macdonald 1963 [synonym]
G. Lycalopex Burmeister 1854 [South American fox]
+
Lycalopex culpaeus Molina 1782 [culpeo]
Lycalopex ensenadensis Ameghino 1888
Lycalopex fulvipes Martin 1837 [Darwin's fox]
Lycalopex griseus Gray 1837 [South American gray fox]
Lycalopex gymnocercus Fischer 1814 [pampas fox]
Lycalopex sechurae Thomas 1900 [Sechuran fox]
Lycalopex vetulus Lund 1842 [Hoary fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis fulvicaudus Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis parvidens Mivart 1890 [synonym], Canis urostictus Mivart 1890 [synonym], Eunothocyon sladeni Thomas 1904 [synonym], Pseudalopex vetulus Lund 1842 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eunothocyon Allen 1905 [synonym], Pseudalopex Burmeister 1856 [synonym]
G. Nyctereutes Temminck 1839 [raccoon dog]
+
Nyctereutes abdeslami Geraads 1997
Nyctereutes barryi Werdelin and Dehghani 2010
Nyctereutes donnezani Depérer 1890
Nyctereutes lockwoodi Geraads et al. 2010
+
Invalid names: Canis borbonicus Gervais 1859 [objective synonym], Canis mitzopouli Paraskevaidis 1953 [synonym]
Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray 1834 [raccoon dog]
Nyctereutes sinensis Schlosser 1903
Nyctereutes tingi Tedford and Qiu 1991
Nyctereutes vulpinus Soria and Aguirre 1976
G. †Protocyon Giebel 1855
+
Protocyon orocualensis Ruiz-Ramoni et al. 2022
Protocyon scagliarum Kraglievich 1952
Protocyon tarijensis Ameghino 1902
Protocyon troglodytes Lund 1938
+
Invalid names: Canis lycodes Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis musculosus Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Palaeocyon validus Lund 1843 [synonym], Paleospeothos colomae Spillmann 1942 [synonym], Protocyon orcesi Hoffstetter 1952 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paleospeothos Spillmann 1941 [nomen nudum], Pleurocyon Mercerat 1917 [synonym]
G. †Theriodictis Mercerat 1891
+
Theriodictis floridanus Tedford et al. 2009
Theriodictis platensis Mercerat 1891
+
Invalid names: Macrocyon morenoi Lydekker 1894 [synonym], Palaeocyon troglodytes Revilliod 1926 [synonym]
Theriodictis tarijensis Ameghino 1902
Invalid names: Dinocynops Ameghino 1898 [synonym]
Tr. Vulpini Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
+
G. †Ferrucyon Ruiz-Ramoni et al. 2020
+
Ferrucyon avius Torres and Ferrusquia 1981
G. †Metalopex Tedford and Wang 2008
+
Metalopex bakeri Tedford et al. 2009
Metalopex macconnelli Tedford et al. 2009
Metalopex merriami Tedford and Wang 2008
G. Otocyon Müller 1835 [bat-eared fox]
+
Otocyon megalotis Desmarest 1822 [bat-eared fox]
+
+
Invalid names: Agriodus auritus Smith 1840 [objective synonym], Canis lalandii Desmoulins 1823 [objective synonym], Otocyon caffer Müller 1836 [objective synonym], Otocyon steinhardti Zukowsky 1924 [synonym]
+
Invalid names: Otocyon canescens Cabrera 1910 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agriodus Smith 1840 [objective synonym]
G. †Prototocyon Pohle 1928
+
Prototocyon recki Pohle 1928
G. Urocyon Baird 1857 [gray fox]
+
Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775 [gray fox]
+
Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus Allen and Barbour 1923
Invalid names: Canis virginianus Schreber 1775 [synonym], Urocyon californicus Merriam 1899 [synonym], Urocyon guatemalae Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon parvidens Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon seminolensis Simpson 1929 [synonym]
Urocyon citrinus Tedford et al. 2009
Urocyon galushai Tedford et al. 2009
+
Invalid names: Urocyon atwaterensis Getz 1960 [synonym]
Urocyon littoralis Baird 1857 [island gray fox]
Urocyon minicephalus Martin 1974
Urocyon progressus Stevens 1965
Urocyon webbi Tedford et al. 2009
G. †Chailicyon Chow 1975
+
Chailicyon crassidens Chow 1975
G. †Cubacyon Arredondo and Varona 1974
+
Cubacyon transversidens Arredondo and Varona 1974
G. Cuon Hodgson 1838 [dhole]
+
Cuon alpinus Pallas 1811 [dhole]
Cuon alpinus europaeus Bourguignat 1875
Cuon bourreti Harlé 1891
Cuon dukhunensis Sykes 1831
Cuon majori Del Campana 1913
Cuon priscus Thenius 1954
Cuon sumatrensis Hardwicke 1822
Invalid names: Cyon Agassiz 1846 [objective synonym]
G. †Cynotherium Studiati 1857
+
Cynotherium malatestai Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2015
Cynotherium sardous Studiati 1857
G. Dysodus Cope 1879
+
Dysodus pravus Cope 1879 [Japanese sleeve dog]
Subfm. †Hesperocyoninae Tedford 1978
+
G. †Caedocyon Wang 1994
+
Caedocyon tedfordi Wang 1994
G. †Cynodesmus Scott 1893
+
Cynodesmus martini Wang 1994
Cynodesmus thooides Scott 1893
+
Invalid names: Brachyrhynchocyon douglasi Macdonald 1970 [synonym], Mesocyon drummondanus Douglass 1903 [synonym], Sunkahetanka sheffleri Macdonald 1967 [synonym]
G. †Ectopocynus Wang 1994
+
Ectopocynus antiquus Wang 1994
G. †Enhydrocyon Cope 1879
+
Enhydrocyon basilatus Cope 1879
Enhydrocyon crassidens Matthew 1907
Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa Macdonald 1963
+
Invalid names: Enhydrocyon oregonensis Thorpe 1922 [synonym]
Invalid names: Hyaenocyon Cope 1879 [synonym], Hyaenocyon sectorius Cope 1883 [nomen vanum]
G. †Hesperocyon Scott 1890
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Hesperocyon gregarius Cope 1873
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Invalid names: Amphicyon gracilis Leidy 1856 [synonym], Cynodictis hylactor Hay 1899 [synonym], Cynodictis paterculus Matthew 1903 [synonym], Nanodelphys mcgrewi Russell 1972 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alloeodectes Russell 1984 [synonym], Pseudocynodictis Schlosser 1902 [synonym]
G. †Mesocyon Scott 1890
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Mesocyon brachyops Merriam 1906
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Invalid names: Mesocyon baileyi Stock 1933 [synonym]
Mesocyon coryphaeus Cope 1879
Mesocyon temnodon Wortman and Matthew 1899
Invalid names: Hypotemnodon Eyerman 1894 [synonym], Mesocyon josephi secundus Thorpe 1922 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Osbornodon Wang 1994
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Osbornodon brachypus Cope 1881
Osbornodon fricki Wang 1994
Osbornodon iamonensis Sellards 1916
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Invalid names: Cynodesmus nobilis Simpson 1932 [synonym], Paradaphoenus tropicalis White 1942 [synonym]
Osbornodon renjiei Wang 1994
Osbornodon scitulus Hay 1924
Osbornodon sesnoni Macdonald 1967
Osbornodon wangi Hayes 2000
G. †Paraenhydrocyon Wang 1994
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+
Invalid names: Mesocyon hortulirosae Schlaikjer 1935 [synonym]
Paraenhydrocyon robustus Matthew 1907
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Invalid names: Temnocyon venator Cook 1909 [synonym]
G. †Philotrox Merriam 1906
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Philotrox condoni Merriam 1906
G. †Prohesperocyon Wang 1994
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Prohesperocyon wilsoni Gustafson 1986
G. †Sunkahetanka Macdonald 1963
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Sunkahetanka geringensis Barbour and Schultz 1935
G. †Hydrocyon Lartet 1851
G. †Icticyon Lund 1839
G. Leucocyon Woldrich 1868
G. Lupulella Hilzheimer 1906
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Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 [black-backed jackal]
Lupulella mohibi Geraads 2011
Lupulella paralius Geraads 2011
G. †Lupus
G. Lycaon Brookes 1827
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Lycaon magnus Ewer and Singer 1956
Lycaon pictus Temminck 1820 [African wild dog]
Lycaon sekowei Hartstone-Rose et al. 2010
G. †Lycorus Bourguignat 1875
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Lycorus nemesianus Bourguignat 1875
G. Megalotis Smith 1839
G. †Palaeocyon Lund 1843
G. Plesiocyon Schlosser 1887
G. Schaeffia Hilzheimer 1906
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Schaeffia adusta Sundevall 1847 [side-striped jackal]
G. Simenia Gray
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Simenia simensis Rüppell 1835 [Ethiopian wolf]
G. †Synagodus Cope 1879
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Synagodus mansuetus Cope 1879
G. Thous Hamilton Smith 1839
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Thous fulvipes Martin 1837 [Darwin's fox]
G. Vulpes Frisch 1775 [fox]
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Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877
Vulpes angustidens Thenius 1954
Vulpes beihaiensis Qiu and Tedford 1990
Vulpes bengalensis Shaw 1800 [Bengal fox]
Vulpes cana Blanford 1877 [Blanfords fox]
Vulpes chama Smith 1833 [Cape fox]
Vulpes chikushanensis Young 1930
Vulpes corsac Linnaeus 1768 [Corsac fox]
Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson 1842 [Tibetan fox]
Vulpes galaticus Ginsburg 1998
Vulpes griffithi Blyth 1854
Vulpes hassani Geraads 2011
Vulpes japonica Ognev 1823
Vulpes karagan Erxleben 1777
Vulpes kernensis Tedford et al. 2009
Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus 1758 [Arctic fox]
Vulpes macrotis Merriam 1888 [kit fox]
Vulpes mathisoni Geraads et al. 2015
Vulpes montana Pearson 1836
Vulpes niloticus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803
Vulpes odessana Odintzov 1967
Vulpes pallida Cretzschmar 1826 [pale fox]
Vulpes pensylvanicus Boddaert 1784
Vulpes praecorsac Kormos 1932
Vulpes praeglacialis Kormos 1932
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Invalid names: Vulpes marinosi Sickenberg 1971 [synonym]
Vulpes pusilla Blyth 1854
Vulpes riffautae de Bonis et al. 2007
Vulpes rooki Bartolini Lucenti 2021
Vulpes rueppellii Schinz 1825 [Ruuppells fox]
Vulpes sinensis Schlosser 1903
Vulpes skinneri Hartstone-Rose et al. 2013
Vulpes stenognathus Savage 1941
Vulpes velox Say 1823 [swift fox]
Vulpes vulgaris Oken 1816
Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus 1758 [red fox]
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Invalid names: Canis alopex Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Canis vulpes montana Pearson 1835 [synonym], Vulpes fulva Desmarest 1829 [synonym], Vulpes palmaria Hay 1917 [synonym], Vulpes vulpes cascadensis Merriam 1900 [replaced]
Vulpes zerda Zimmermann 1780 [fennec fox]
Invalid names: Fennecus Desmarest 1804 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphicyon angustidens Marsh 1871 [nomen vanum], Otocyoninae Trouessart 1885 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available