Basic info | Taxonomic history | Classification | Included Taxa |
Morphology | Ecology and taphonomy | External Literature Search | Age range and collections |
Taxonomy
Canidae was named by Fischer de Waldheim (1817). It is extant.
It was assigned to Digitigradae by Gray (1821); to Ferae by Bonaparte (1850); to Fissipedia by Cope (1889); to Cynoidea by Hay (1902); to Ursocanidi by Jaekel (1911); to Fissipedia by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Lambe (1908), Hendey (1974) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Arctoidea by Carroll (1988); to Cynoidea by Flower (1883), Wang and Tedford (1992), Wang (1994), Wang et al. (1999), García (2008) and Tedford et al. (2009); to Caniformia by Bryant (1991), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Spassov and Rook (2006), Garrido and Arribas (2008), Werdelin et al. (2014), Welsh (2014), Tseng and Geisler (2016), Amri et al. (2017), Lofgren et al. (2020), Bartolini Lucenti (2021), Valenciano et al. (2022) and Bōgner and Samuels (2022); to Canoidea by Savage (1965), de Bonis et al. (2007), Tomiya (2011) and Korth et al. (2022); and to Carnivora by Leidy (1873), Cope (1875), Kurten (1968), Shoshani et al. (1989), Nowak (1991), Sotnikova (2006), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), Wang and Tedford (2008), Tedford and Wang (2008), Geraads (2011), Hartstone-Rose et al. (2013), Ramirez and Prevosti (2014), Wang et al. (2015), Madurell-Malapeira et al. (2015), Eshelman et al. (2018), Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov (2022), Jiangzuo et al. (2022), Prevosti (2023) and Fourvel and Frerebeau (2023).
It was assigned to Digitigradae by Gray (1821); to Ferae by Bonaparte (1850); to Fissipedia by Cope (1889); to Cynoidea by Hay (1902); to Ursocanidi by Jaekel (1911); to Fissipedia by Flower and Lydekker (1891), Lambe (1908), Hendey (1974) and Kurten and Anderson (1980); to Arctoidea by Carroll (1988); to Cynoidea by Flower (1883), Wang and Tedford (1992), Wang (1994), Wang et al. (1999), García (2008) and Tedford et al. (2009); to Caniformia by Bryant (1991), Wilson and Reeder (2005), Spassov and Rook (2006), Garrido and Arribas (2008), Werdelin et al. (2014), Welsh (2014), Tseng and Geisler (2016), Amri et al. (2017), Lofgren et al. (2020), Bartolini Lucenti (2021), Valenciano et al. (2022) and Bōgner and Samuels (2022); to Canoidea by Savage (1965), de Bonis et al. (2007), Tomiya (2011) and Korth et al. (2022); and to Carnivora by Leidy (1873), Cope (1875), Kurten (1968), Shoshani et al. (1989), Nowak (1991), Sotnikova (2006), Hulbert and Whitmore (2006), Wang and Tedford (2008), Tedford and Wang (2008), Geraads (2011), Hartstone-Rose et al. (2013), Ramirez and Prevosti (2014), Wang et al. (2015), Madurell-Malapeira et al. (2015), Eshelman et al. (2018), Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov (2022), Jiangzuo et al. (2022), Prevosti (2023) and Fourvel and Frerebeau (2023).
Subtaxa
Alopex, Amphicyon angustidens, Borophaginae, Caninae, Chailicyon, Cubacyon, Cuon (syn. Cyon), Cynotherium, Dysodus, Hesperocyoninae, Hydrocyon, Icticyon, Leucocyon, Lupulella, Lupus, Lycaon, Lycorus, Megalotis, Otocyoninae, Palaeocyon, Plesiocyon, Schaeffia, Simenia, Synagodus, Thous, Vulpes (syn. Fennecus)
Synonyms
|
Synonymy list
Year | Name and author |
---|---|
1817 | Canidae Fischer de Waldheim |
1821 | Canidae Gray p. 301 |
1850 | Canidae Bonaparte p. 1 |
1871 | Amphicyon angustidens Marsh p. 124 |
1873 | Canidae Leidy p. 315 |
1875 | Canidae Cope p. 5–6 |
1883 | Canidae Flower p. 186 |
1889 | Canidae Cope p. 876 |
1891 | Canidae Flower and Lydekker p. 91 |
1902 | Canidae Hay p. 769 |
1902 | Daphoenus angustidens Hay p. 772 |
1908 | Canidae Lambe |
1911 | Canidae Jaekel p. 229 |
1922 | Cynodictis angustidens Thorpe |
1948 | Pseudocynodictis angustidens Hough |
1952 | Hesperocyon angustidens Green |
1965 | Canidae Savage p. 288 |
1968 | Canidae Kurten p. 108 |
1970 | Hesperocyon angustidens Macdonald |
1974 | Canidae Hendey p. 67 |
1980 | Canidae Kurten and Anderson p. 165 |
1988 | Canidae Carroll |
1989 | Canidae Shoshani et al. p. 436 |
1991 | Canidae Bryant p. 60 |
1991 | Canidae Nowak |
1992 | Canidae Wang and Tedford p. 225 |
1994 | Canidae Wang p. 18 |
1999 | Canidae Wang et al. p. 21 |
2005 | Canidae Wilson and Reeder |
2006 | Canidae Hulbert and Whitmore p. 5 |
2006 | Canidae Sotnikova |
2006 | Canidae Spassov and Rook |
2007 | Canidae de Bonis et al. |
2008 | Canidae García |
2008 | Canidae Garrido and Arribas |
2008 | Canidae Tedford and Wang p. 273 |
2008 | Canidae Wang and Tedford |
2009 | Canidae Tedford et al. p. 13 |
2011 | Canidae Geraads |
2011 | Canidae Tomiya p. 2 |
2013 | Canidae Hartstone-Rose et al. |
2014 | Canidae Ramirez and Prevosti |
2014 | Canidae Welsh |
2014 | Canidae Werdelin et al. |
2015 | Canidae Madurell-Malapeira et al. |
2015 | Canidae Wang et al. |
2016 | Canidae Tseng and Geisler p. 1 |
2017 | Canidae Amri et al. |
2018 | Canidae Eshelman et al. p. 8 |
2020 | Canidae Lofgren et al. |
2021 | Canidae Bartolini Lucenti |
2022 | Canidae Bartolini-Lucenti and Spassov |
2022 | Canidae Bōgner and Samuels |
2022 | Canidae Jiangzuo et al. |
2022 | Canidae Korth et al. |
2022 | Canidae Valenciano et al. |
2023 | Canidae Fourvel and Frerebeau |
2023 | Canidae Prevosti |
Is something missing? Join the Paleobiology Database and enter the data
|
|
If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
Fm. Canidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817 [canid]
show all | hide all
Subfm. †Borophaginae Simpson 1945 [bone-crushing dog]
+
G. †Archaeocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
†Archaeocyon falkenbachi Wang et al. 1999
†Archaeocyon leptodus Schlaikjer 1935
†Archaeocyon pavidus Stock 1933
Tr. †Borophagini Simpson 1945
+
Subtr. †Aelurodontina Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Aelurodon Leidy 1858
+
†Aelurodon asthenostylus Wang et al. 1999
†Aelurodon ferox Leidy 1858
+
Invalid names: Aelurodon platyrhinus Barbour and Cook 1917 [synonym], Canis wheelerianus Cope 1877 [synonym], Tephrocyon marshi Thorpe 1922 [synonym]
†Aelurodon mcgrewi Wang et al. 1999
†Aelurodon montanensis Wang et al. 2004
†Aelurodon stirtoni Wang et al. 1999
†Aelurodon taxoides Hatcher 1894
+
Invalid names: Euoplocyon magnus Matthew 1924 [synonym], Tomarctus propter Cook and Macdonald 1962 [synonym]
Invalid names: Prohyaena Schlosser 1890 [synonym], Strobodon Webb 1969 [synonym]
G. †Tomarctus Cope 1873
+
†Tomarctus brevirostris Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Aelurodon francisi Hay 1924 [synonym], Aelurodon simulans Hay 1924 [synonym]
†Tomarctus hippophaga Matthew and Cook 1909
Subtr. †Borophagina Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Carpocyon Webb 1969
+
†Carpocyon limosus Webb 1969
†Carpocyon robustus Green 1948
†Carpocyon webbi Wang et al. 1999
G. †Epicyon Leidy 1858
+
†Aelurodon saevus secundus Matthew and Cook 1909
†Epicyon aelurodontoides Wang et al. 1999
†Epicyon haydeni Leidy 1858
+
†Aelurodon haydeni validus Matthew and Cook 1909
Invalid names: Aelurodon aphobus Merriam 1919 [synonym], Osteoborus ricardoensis Stirton and VanderHoof 1933 [synonym], Osteoborus validus Stirton and Vanderhoof 1933 [synonym], Tephrocyon mortifer Cook 1914 [synonym]
†Epicyon saevus Leidy 1858
+
Invalid names: Aelurodon inflatus VanderHoof and Gregory 1940 [synonym]
G. †Cormocyon Wang and Tedford 1992
+
†Cormocyon copei Wang and Tedford 1992
†Cormocyon haydeni Wang et al. 1999
Subtr. †Cynarctina Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Cynarctus Matthew 1902
+
†Cynarctus crucidens Barbour and Cook 1914
+
Invalid names: Cynarctus fortidens Hall and Dalquest 1962 [synonym]
†Cynarctus galushai Wang et al. 1999
†Cynarctus marylandica Berry 1938
†Cynarctus saxatilis Matthew 1902
†Cynarctus voorhiesi Wang et al. 1999
†Cynarctus wangi Jasinski and Wallace 2015
G. †Euoplocyon Matthew 1924
+
†Euoplocyon brachygnathus Douglass 1903
+
Invalid names: Euoplocyon praedator Matthew 1924 [synonym]
†Euoplocyon spissidens White 1947
G. †Metatomarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
†Metatomarctus canavus Simpson 1932
+
Invalid names: Nothocyon insularis White 1942 [synonym], Tomarctus thomasi White 1941 [synonym]
G. †Microtomarctus Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Desmocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
†Desmocyon matthewi Wang et al. 1999
†Desmocyon thomsoni Matthew 1907
+
Invalid names: Nothocyon regulus Cook and Macdonald 1962 [synonym]
Invalid names: Cynodesmus petersoni Radinsky 1973 [nomen nudum]
G. †Borophagus Cope 1892
+
†Borophagus diversidens Cope 1892
+
Invalid names: Felis hillanus Cope 1893 [synonym], Hyaenognathus matthewi Freudenberg 1910 [synonym], Hyaenognathus pachyodon Merriam 1903 [synonym], Hyaenognathus solus Stock 1932 [synonym], Porthocyon dubius Merriam 1903 [synonym]
†Borophagus dudleyi White 1941
†Borophagus hilli Johnston 1939
+
Invalid names: Osteoborus crassapineatus Olsen 1956 [synonym], Osteoborus progressus Hibbard 1944 [synonym]
†Borophagus littoralis VanderHoof 1931
+
Invalid names: Osteoborus diabloensis Richey 1938 [synonym]
†Borophagus orc Webb 1969
†Borophagus parvus Wang et al. 1999
†Borophagus secundus VanderHoof 1931
+
Invalid names: Hyaenognathus cyonoides Martin 1928 [synonym], Hyaenognathus direptor Matthew 1924 [synonym]
†Dinocyon (Borophagus) meandrinus Hatcher 1894
Invalid names: Cynogulo [synonym], Hyaenognathus Merriam 1903 [synonym], Osteoborus Stirton and VanderHoof 1933 [synonym], Pliogulo White 1941 [synonym], Porthocyon Merriam 1903 [synonym]
G. †Otarocyon Wang et al. 1999
+
†Otarocyon cooki Macdonald 1963
†Otarocyon cuspidatus Green 1954
†Otarocyon macdonaldi Wang et al. 1999
Tr. †Phlaocyonini Wang et al. 1999
+
G. †Cynarctoides McGrew 1938
+
†Cynarctoides acridens Barbour and Cook 1914
+
Invalid names: Cynarctus mustelinus Matthew 1932 [synonym]
†Cynarctoides emryi Wang et al. 1999
†Cynarctoides gawnae Wang et al. 1999
†Cynarctoides harlowi Loomis 1932
†Cynarctoides lemur Cope 1879
†Cynarctoides luskensis Wang et al. 1999
†Cynarctoides roii Macdonald 1963
†Cynarctoides whistleri Wang and Tedford 2008
G. †Phlaocyon Matthew 1899
+
†Phlaocyon achoros Frailey 1979
†Phlaocyon latidens Cope 1881
†Phlaocyon leucosteus Matthew 1899
†Phlaocyon mariae Wang et al. 1999
†Phlaocyon marslandensis McGrew 1941
†Phlaocyon minor Matthew 1907
†Phlaocyon multicuspus Romer and Sutton 1927
†Phlaocyon taylori Hayes 2000
†Phlaocyon yatkolai Wang et al. 1999
Invalid names: Aletocyon Romer and Sutton 1927 [synonym], Bassariscops Peterson 1928 [synonym]
Subfm. Caninae Gill 1872 [canine]
+
G. †Aenocyon Merriam 1918
+
†Aenocyon dirus Leidy 1858 [dire wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis ayersi Sellards 1916 [synonym], Canis indianensis Leidy 1869 [synonym], Canis mississippiensis Allen 1876 [synonym], Canis nehringi Ameghino 1902 [synonym], Canis primaevus Hodgson 1833 [synonym]
Invalid names: Stereocyon Mercerat 1917 [synonym]
Tr. †Canini Fischer de Waldheim 1817
+
Subtr. †Cerdocyonina Tedford et al. 2009
+
G. Atelocynus Cabrera 1940 [short-eared dog]
+
Atelocynus microtis Sclater 1883 [short-eared dog]
+
Invalid names: Carcinocyon sclateri Allen 1905 [synonym]
G. Cerdocyon Hamilton-Smith 1839 [crab-eating fox]
+
†Cerdocyon texanus Tedford et al. 2009
Cerdocyon thous Linnaeus 1766 [crab eating fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis azarae Wied 1824 [synonym], Canis brachyteles Blainville 1843 [synonym], Canis cancrivorus Brongniart 1792 [synonym], Canis entrerianus Burmeister 1861 [synonym], Canis melampus Wagner 1841 [synonym], Canis melanostomus Wagner 1843 [synonym], Canis robustior Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis rudis Günther 1879 [synonym], Cerdocyon apollinaris Allen 1918 [synonym], Cerdocyon guaraxa Hamilton Smith 1839 [synonym], Cerdocyon mimax Thomas 1914 [synonym], Cerdocyon tucumanus Thomas 1921 [synonym], Urocyon aquilus Bangs 1898 [synonym]
Invalid names: Carcinocyon Allen 1905 [synonym]
G. †Dusicyon Hamilton Smith 1839 [Falkland Island wolf]
+
†Dusicyon australis Kerr 1972 [Falkland Island fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis (Pseudalopex) australis Kerr 1792 [synonym], Dusicyon darwini Thomas 1914 [synonym], Pseudalopex antarcticus Bechstein 1799 [synonym]
†Dusicyon cultridens Gervais and Ameghino 1880
Invalid names: Dusicyon culpaeolus Thomas 1914 [nomen dubium], Dusicyon inca Thomas 1914 [nomen dubium]
G. †Eucyon Tedford and Qiu 1996
+
†Eucyon adoxus Martin 1971
†Eucyon davisi Merriam 1911
+
Invalid names: Canis condoni Shotwell 1956 [synonym], Leptocyon shermanensis Hibbard 1937 [synonym]
†Eucyon debonisi Montoya et al. 2009
†Eucyon ferox Miller and Carranza-Castaneda 1998
†Eucyon intrepidus Morales et al. 2005
†Eucyon khoikhoi Valenciano et al. 2022
†Eucyon kuta Werdelin et al. 2014
†Eucyon marinae Spassov and Rook 2006
†Eucyon minor Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Eucyon monticinensis Rook 1992
†Eucyon odessanus Odintzov 1967
†Eucyon skinneri Tedford et al. 2009
†Eucyon wokari García 2008
†Eucyon zhoui Tedford and Qiu 1996
G. †Sinicuon Kretzoi 1941
+
†Sinicuon dubius Teilhard de Chardin 1940
+
Invalid names: Sinicuon peii Kretzoi 1941 [objective synonym]
G. †Xenocyon Kretzoi 1938
+
†Xenocyon antonii Zdansky 1924
†Xenocyon brevicephalus Qiu et al. 2004
†Xenocyon dubius Teilhard de Chardin 1940
†Xenocyon falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877
†Xenocyon lycaonoides Kretzoi 1938
+
Invalid names: Cuon rosi Pons-Moyá and Moyá-Solá 1978 [synonym], Cuon stehlini Thenius 1954 [synonym]
†Xenocyon texanus Troxell 1915
G. Canis Linnaeus 1758 [canine]
+
Subg. †Canis (Epicyon) Leidy 1858
†Canis accitanus Garrido and Arribas 2008
†Canis adoxus Martin 1971
†Canis apolloniensis Koufos and Kostopoulos 1997
†Canis armbrusteri Gidley 1913
†Canis arnensis Del Campana 1913
Canis aureus Linnaeus 1758 [golden jackal]
†Canis borjgali Bartolini-Lucenti et al. 2020
Canis cana Blanford 1877 [Blanfords fox]
†Canis cedazoensis Mooser and Dalquest 1975
Canis ceylonicus Shaw 1800
†Canis chihliensis Zdansky 1924
†Canis chihliensis palmidens Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Canis cipio Crusafont-Pairó 1950
Canis culpaeus Molina 1782 [culpeo]
Canis dingo Blumenbach 1780 [dingo]
†Canis edwardii Gazin 1942
†Canis etruscus Forsyth Major 1877
+
Invalid names: Canis majori Del Campana 1913 [synonym], Canis olivolanus Del Campana 1913 [synonym]
Canis familiaris Linnaeus 1758 [dog]
+
Canis familiaris aegyptius Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris aquaticus Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris avicular Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris domestic Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris extrarius Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris grajus Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris melitens Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris molossus Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris sagax Linnaeus 1758
Canis familiaris vertagus Linnaeus 1758
Invalid names: Pachycyon robustus Allen 1885 [synonym]
Canis familiaris fricator Linnaeus 1758
†Canis feneus Tedford et al. 2009
†Canis geismarianus Cope 1878
†Canis hewitti Fourvel and Frerebeau 2023
†Canis incertus D'Orbigny and Laurillard 1842
†Canis latidentatus Cope 1899
Canis latrans Say 1823 [coyote]
+
Invalid names: Canis andersoni Merriam 1910 [synonym], Canis caneloensis Skinner 1942 [synonym], Canis clepticus Eliot 1903 [synonym], Canis estor Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis frustror Woodhouse 1851 [synonym], Canis goldmani Merriam 1904 [synonym], Canis hondurensis Goldman 1936 [synonym], Canis impavidus Allen 1903 [synonym], Canis irvingtonensis Savage 1951 [synonym], Canis jamesi Townsend 1912 [synonym], Canis lestes Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis mearnsi Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis microdon Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis nebrascensis Merriam 1898 [synonym], Canis ochropus Eschscholtz 1829 [synonym], Canis orcutti Merriam 1910 [synonym], Canis peninsulae Merriam 1897 [synonym], Canis riviveronis Hay 1917 [synonym], Canis vigilis Merriam 1897 [synonym], Lyciscus cagottis Hamilton-Smith 1839 [synonym]
†Canis lepophagus Johnston 1938
†Canis longdanensis Qiu et al. 2004
Canis lupaster Hemprich and Eherenberg 1832 [African wolf]
+
Canis anthus soudanicus Thomas 1911
Invalid names: Canis anthus Cuvier 1820 [synonym]
Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758 [gray wolf]
+
†Canis occidentalis furlongi Merriam 1910
Invalid names: Canis chanco Gray 1863 [synonym], Canis furlongi Hay 1927 [synonym], Canis hodophilax Temminck 1839 [synonym], Canis lycaon Schreber 1775 [synonym], Canis milleri Merriam 1912 [synonym], Canis niger Sclater 1874 [synonym], Canis nubilus Say 1823 [synonym], Canis occidentalis Richardson 1829 [synonym], Canis pallipes Sykes 1831 [synonym], Canis pambasileus Elliot 1905 [synonym], Canis petrolei Stock 1938 [synonym], Canis tundrarum Miller 1912 [synonym], Canis variabilis Wied-Neuwied 1841 [synonym], Lupus altaicus Noak 1911 [synonym], Lupus filchneri Matschie 1908 [synonym], Lupus gigas Townsend 1850 [synonym], Lupus karanorensis Matschie 1908 [synonym], Lupus laniger Hodgson 1847 [synonym], Lupus orientalis Wagner 1841 [synonym], Lupus tschiliensis Matschie 1908 [synonym]
†Canis lydekkeri Ameghino 1889
†Canis megamastoides Pomel 1842
†Canis michauxi Martin 1971
†Canis monticinensis Rook 1992
†Canis mosbachensis Soergel 1925
+
†Canis osorum Cope 1873
†Canis othmanii Amri et al. 2017
†Canis palaeoplatensis Ameghino 1891
†Canis palmidens Teilhard de Chardin and Piveteau 1930
†Canis proplatensis Ameghino 1891
Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman 1851 [red wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis floridanus Miller 1912 [synonym], Canis priscolatrans Cope 1899 [synonym], Lupus niger Bartram 1791 [synonym]
Canis sechurae Thomas 1900 [Sechuran fox]
†Canis senezensis Martin 1971
Canis simensis Rüppell 1835 [Ethiopian wolf]
†Canis tarijensis Ameghino 1902
†Canis teilhardi Qiu et al. 2004
†Canis thooides Tedford et al. 2009
†Canis variabilis Pei 1934
Canis vetulus Lund 1842 [Hoary fox]
Invalid names: Lyciscus Hamilton-Smith 1839 [synonym], Nyctereutes terblanchei Broom 1948 [nomen dubium], Pachycyon Allen 1885 [synonym]
G. Chrysocyon Hamilton-Smith 1839 [maned wolf]
+
Chrysocyon brachyurus Illiger 1815 [maned wolf]
+
Invalid names: Canis isodactylus Ameghino 1906 [synonym], Canis jubatus Desmarest 1820 [synonym], Vulpes cancrosa Oken 1816 [synonym]
†Chrysocyon nearcticus Tedford et al. 2009
G. †Leptocyon Matthew 1918
+
†Leptocyon delicatus Loomis 1932
†Leptocyon douglassi Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon gregorii Matthew 1907
†Leptocyon leidyi Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon matthewi Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon mollis Merriam 1906
†Leptocyon tejonensis Tedford et al. 2009
†Leptocyon vafer Leidy 1858
†Leptocyon vulpinus Matthew 1907
Invalid names: Neocynodesmus Macdonald 1963 [synonym]
G. Lycalopex Burmeister 1854 [South American fox]
+
Lycalopex culpaeus Molina 1782 [culpeo]
†Lycalopex ensenadensis Ameghino 1888
Lycalopex fulvipes Martin 1837 [Darwin's fox]
Lycalopex griseus Gray 1837 [South American gray fox]
Lycalopex gymnocercus Fischer 1814 [pampas fox]
Lycalopex sechurae Thomas 1900 [Sechuran fox]
Lycalopex vetulus Lund 1842 [Hoary fox]
+
Invalid names: Canis fulvicaudus Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis parvidens Mivart 1890 [synonym], Canis urostictus Mivart 1890 [synonym], Eunothocyon sladeni Thomas 1904 [synonym], Pseudalopex vetulus Lund 1842 [synonym]
Invalid names: Eunothocyon Allen 1905 [synonym], Pseudalopex Burmeister 1856 [synonym]
G. Nyctereutes Temminck 1839 [raccoon dog]
+
†Nyctereutes abdeslami Geraads 1997
†Nyctereutes barryi Werdelin and Dehghani 2010
†Nyctereutes donnezani Depérer 1890
†Nyctereutes lockwoodi Geraads et al. 2010
†Nyctereutes megamastoides Pomel 1842
+
Invalid names: Canis borbonicus Gervais 1859 [objective synonym], Canis mitzopouli Paraskevaidis 1953 [synonym]
Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray 1834 [raccoon dog]
†Nyctereutes sinensis Schlosser 1903
†Nyctereutes tingi Tedford and Qiu 1991
†Nyctereutes vulpinus Soria and Aguirre 1976
G. †Protocyon Giebel 1855
+
†Protocyon orocualensis Ruiz-Ramoni et al. 2022
†Protocyon scagliarum Kraglievich 1952
†Protocyon tarijensis Ameghino 1902
†Protocyon troglodytes Lund 1938
+
Invalid names: Canis lycodes Lund 1843 [synonym], Canis musculosus Ameghino 1882 [synonym], Palaeocyon validus Lund 1843 [synonym], Paleospeothos colomae Spillmann 1942 [synonym], Protocyon orcesi Hoffstetter 1952 [synonym]
Invalid names: Paleospeothos Spillmann 1941 [nomen nudum], Pleurocyon Mercerat 1917 [synonym]
G. †Theriodictis Mercerat 1891
+
†Theriodictis floridanus Tedford et al. 2009
†Theriodictis platensis Mercerat 1891
+
Invalid names: Macrocyon morenoi Lydekker 1894 [synonym], Palaeocyon troglodytes Revilliod 1926 [synonym]
†Theriodictis tarijensis Ameghino 1902
Invalid names: Dinocynops Ameghino 1898 [synonym]
Tr. Vulpini Hemprich and Ehrenberg 1832
+
G. †Metalopex Tedford and Wang 2008
+
†Metalopex bakeri Tedford et al. 2009
†Metalopex macconnelli Tedford et al. 2009
†Metalopex merriami Tedford and Wang 2008
G. Otocyon Müller 1835 [bat-eared fox]
+
Otocyon megalotis Desmarest 1822 [bat-eared fox]
+
Otocyon megalotis megalotis Desmarest 1822
+
Invalid names: Agriodus auritus Smith 1840 [objective synonym], Canis lalandii Desmoulins 1823 [objective synonym], Otocyon caffer Müller 1836 [objective synonym], Otocyon steinhardti Zukowsky 1924 [synonym]
Invalid names: Agriodus Smith 1840 [objective synonym]
G. Urocyon Baird 1857 [gray fox]
+
Urocyon cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775 [gray fox]
+
Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus Mearns 1897
Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus Schreber 1775
Urocyon cinereoargenteus costaricensis Goodwin 1938
Urocyon cinereoargenteus floridanus Rhoades 1895
Urocyon cinereoargenteus fraterculus Elliot 1896
Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus Allen and Barbour 1923
Urocyon cinereoargenteus guatemalae Miller 1899
Urocyon cinereoargenteus madrensis Burt and Hooper 1941
Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris Lichtenstein 1850
Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous Bangs 1899
Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomus Goldman 1938
Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis Huey 1928
Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii Mearns 1891
Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi Merriam 1899
Urocyon cinereoargenteus venezuelae Allen 1911
Invalid names: Canis virginianus Schreber 1775 [synonym], Urocyon californicus Merriam 1899 [synonym], Urocyon guatemalae Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon parvidens Miller 1899 [synonym], Urocyon seminolensis Simpson 1929 [synonym]
Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis Merriam 1903
†Urocyon citrinus Tedford et al. 2009
Urocyon littoralis Baird 1857 [island gray fox]
†Urocyon minicephalus Martin 1974
†Urocyon progressus Stevens 1965
Urocyon virginianus Baird 1857
†Urocyon webbi Tedford et al. 2009
G. Cuon Hodgson 1838 [dhole]
+
Cuon alpinus Pallas 1811 [dhole]
†Cuon alpinus europaeus Bourguignat 1875
†Cuon bourreti Harlé 1891
†Cuon dukhunensis Sykes 1831
†Cuon majori Del Campana 1913
†Cuon priscus Thenius 1954
†Cuon sumatrensis Hardwicke 1822
Invalid names: Cyon Agassiz 1846 [objective synonym]
G. †Cynotherium Studiati 1857
+
†Cynotherium malatestai Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2015
†Cynotherium sardous Studiati 1857
Subfm. †Hesperocyoninae Tedford 1978
+
G. †Cynodesmus Scott 1893
+
†Cynodesmus martini Wang 1994
†Cynodesmus thooides Scott 1893
+
Invalid names: Brachyrhynchocyon douglasi Macdonald 1970 [synonym], Mesocyon drummondanus Douglass 1903 [synonym], Sunkahetanka sheffleri Macdonald 1967 [synonym]
G. †Ectopocynus Wang 1994
+
†Ectopocynus antiquus Wang 1994
†Ectopocynus intermedius Wang 1994
†Ectopocynus simplicidens Wang 1994
G. †Enhydrocyon Cope 1879
+
†Enhydrocyon basilatus Cope 1879
†Enhydrocyon crassidens Matthew 1907
†Enhydrocyon pahinsintewakpa Macdonald 1963
Invalid names: Hyaenocyon Cope 1879 [synonym], Hyaenocyon sectorius Cope 1883 [nomen vanum]
G. †Hesperocyon Scott 1890
+
†Hesperocyon coloradensis Wang 1994
†Hesperocyon gregarius Cope 1873
+
Invalid names: Amphicyon gracilis Leidy 1856 [synonym], Cynodictis hylactor Hay 1899 [synonym], Cynodictis paterculus Matthew 1903 [synonym], Nanodelphys mcgrewi Russell 1972 [synonym]
Invalid names: Alloeodectes Russell 1984 [synonym], Pseudocynodictis Schlosser 1902 [synonym]
G. †Mesocyon Scott 1890
+
†Mesocyon coryphaeus Cope 1879
†Mesocyon temnodon Wortman and Matthew 1899
Invalid names: Hypotemnodon Eyerman 1894 [synonym], Mesocyon josephi secundus Thorpe 1922 [invalid subgroup]
G. †Osbornodon Wang 1994
+
†Osbornodon brachypus Cope 1881
†Osbornodon fricki Wang 1994
†Osbornodon iamonensis Sellards 1916
+
Invalid names: Cynodesmus nobilis Simpson 1932 [synonym], Paradaphoenus tropicalis White 1942 [synonym]
†Osbornodon renjiei Wang 1994
†Osbornodon scitulus Hay 1924
†Osbornodon sesnoni Macdonald 1967
†Osbornodon wangi Hayes 2000
G. †Hydrocyon Lartet 1851
G. †Icticyon Lund 1839
G. Leucocyon Woldrich 1868
G. Lupulella Hilzheimer 1906
+
Lupulella mesomelas Schreber 1775 [black-backed jackal]
†Lupulella mohibi Geraads 2011
†Lupulella paralius Geraads 2011
G. †Lupus
G. Lycaon Brookes 1827
+
†Lycaon magnus Ewer and Singer 1956
Lycaon pictus Temminck 1820 [African wild dog]
†Lycaon sekowei Hartstone-Rose et al. 2010
G. Megalotis Smith 1839
G. †Palaeocyon Lund 1843
G. Plesiocyon Schlosser 1887
G. Vulpes Frisch 1775 [fox]
+
†Vulpes alopecoides Forsyth Major 1877
†Vulpes angustidens Thenius 1954
†Vulpes beihaiensis Qiu and Tedford 1990
Vulpes bengalensis Shaw 1800 [Bengal fox]
Vulpes cana Blanford 1877 [Blanfords fox]
Vulpes chama Smith 1833 [Cape fox]
†Vulpes chikushanensis Young 1930
Vulpes corsac Linnaeus 1768 [Corsac fox]
Vulpes ferrilata Hodgson 1842 [Tibetan fox]
Vulpes flavescens Gray 1843
†Vulpes galaticus Ginsburg 1998
Vulpes griffithi Blyth 1854
†Vulpes hassani Geraads 2011
Vulpes japonica Ognev 1823
Vulpes karagan Erxleben 1777
†Vulpes kernensis Tedford et al. 2009
Vulpes lagopus Linnaeus 1758 [Arctic fox]
Vulpes macrotis Merriam 1888 [kit fox]
†Vulpes mathisoni Geraads et al. 2015
Vulpes montana Pearson 1836
Vulpes niloticus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1803
†Vulpes odessana Odintzov 1967
Vulpes pallida Cretzschmar 1826 [pale fox]
Vulpes pensylvanicus Boddaert 1784
†Vulpes praecorsac Kormos 1932
Vulpes pusilla Blyth 1854
†Vulpes riffautae de Bonis et al. 2007
†Vulpes rooki Bartolini Lucenti 2021
Vulpes rueppellii Schinz 1825 [Ruuppells fox]
†Vulpes sinensis Schlosser 1903
†Vulpes skinneri Hartstone-Rose et al. 2013
†Vulpes stenognathus Savage 1941
Vulpes velox Say 1823 [swift fox]
Vulpes vulgaris Oken 1816
Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus 1758 [red fox]
+
Vulpes vulpes macroura Baird 1852
Invalid names: Canis alopex Linnaeus 1758 [synonym], Canis vulpes montana Pearson 1835 [synonym], Vulpes fulva Desmarest 1829 [synonym], Vulpes palmaria Hay 1917 [synonym], Vulpes vulpes cascadensis Merriam 1900 [replaced]
Vulpes zerda Zimmermann 1780 [fennec fox]
Invalid names: Fennecus Desmarest 1804 [synonym]
Invalid names: Amphicyon angustidens Marsh 1871 [nomen vanum], Otocyoninae Trouessart 1885 [empty]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available