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Procyon (raccoon)

Mammalia - Carnivora - Procyonidae

Synonyms
  • Lotor was named by Geoffroy and Cuvier (1795). It is extant.

    It was synonymized subjectively with Procyon by Allen (1919).
Synonymy list
YearName and author
1780Procyon Storr
1795Lotor Geoffroy and Cuvier
1825Procyon Gray p. 339
1860Procyon Leidy p. 115
1899Procyon Wortman and Matthew p. 129
1902Procyon Hay p. 764
1967Procyon Wilson p. 211
1980Procyon Kurten and Anderson p. 175
1988Procyon Carroll
1998Procyon Baskin p. 148
2000Procyon Hollister p. 145
2004Procyon Baskin p. 717
2006Procyon Salles et al. p. 8
2019Procyon Albright et al. p. 177

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RankNameAuthor
kingdomAnimalia()
—Bilateria
—EubilateriaAx 1987
—Deuterostomia
phylumChordataHaeckel 1874
subphylumVertebrata
superclassGnathostomata
—Osteichthyes()
subclassSarcopterygii()
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha(Nelson 2006)
subclassTetrapodomorpha()
—Tetrapoda
—Reptiliomorpha
—Anthracosauria
subclassAmphibiosauriaKuhn 1967
—Cotylosauria()
—Amniota
subclassSynapsida
—Therapsida()
infraorderCynodontia()
—Mammaliamorpha
—Mammaliaformes
classMammalia
—Theriamorpha(Rowe 1993)
RankNameAuthor
—Theriiformes()
—Trechnotheria
—Cladotheria
—Zatheria
subclassTribosphenida()
subclassTheria
—Eutheria()
—Placentalia
—Boreoeutheria
—Laurasiatheria
—Scrotifera
—Ferae()
—CarnivoramorphaWyss and Flynn 1993
—CarnivoraformesFlynn et al.
orderCarnivora
suborderCaniformiaKretzoi 1943
infraorderCanoidea(Simpson 1931)
superfamilyArctoideaFlower 1869
—Mustelida
familyProcyonidaeGray 1825
subfamilyProcyoninaeGray 1825
tribeProcyoniniGray 1825
genusProcyonStorr 1780

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. Procyon Storr 1780 [raccoon]
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Subg. Procyon (Euprocyon) Gray 1864
Subg. Procyon (Procyon) Storr 1780
Procyon cancrivorus Cuvier 1798 [crab eating raccoon]
Procyon gymnocercus Fischer 1814 [pampas fox]
Procyon lotor Linnaeus 1758 [raccoon]
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Invalid names: Procyon nanus Simpson 1929 [synonym], Procyon priscus Leconte 1848 [synonym], Procyon simus Gidley 1906 [synonym]
†Procyon rexroadensis Hibbard 1941
Invalid names: Lotor Geoffroy and Cuvier 1795 [synonym]
Diagnosis
No diagnoses are available
Body mass estimates
estimateequationreference
 11.4 kg Mammalia femur diameterGingerich 1990
 10.9 kg Mammalia humerus diameterGingerich 1990
 12.8 kg Mammalia tibia diameterGingerich 1990
mean: 11.7 kg
Measurements
partNmean
femur diameter112.3
humerus diameter112.3
radius diameter16.90
tibia diameter112.2

Composition: phosphaticsubp
Environment: terrestrialsubc
Locomotion: actively mobilec
Life habit: scansorialg
Diet: omnivoreg
Diet 2: carnivoreg
Reproduction: viviparoussubc
Comments: "non-vertebrate/meat group" (Van Valkenburgh 1988) and scansorial (Gebo and Rose 1993)g
Created: 2009-01-04 14:26:08
Modified: 2011-04-24 20:58:08
Source: g = genus, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum
References: Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988, Lillegraven 1979

Age range

Maximum range based only on fossils: base of the Late/Upper Hemphillian to the top of the Holocene or 10.30000 to 0.00000 Ma
Minimum age of oldest fossil (stem group age): 4.9 Ma

Collections (107 total)


Time interval Ma Country or state Original ID and collection number
Late/Upper Hemphillian10.3 - 4.9USA (California) Procyon sp. (19445 19582)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8Mexico (Sonora) Procyon sp. (20322)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (California) Procyon sp. (20121)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Kansas) Bassariscus rexroadensis (19931) Procyon rexroadensis (19936 19940)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Washington) Procyon sp. (20062)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (98320) Procyon sp. (19753 19754 19764)
Blancan4.9 - 1.8USA (Texas) Procyon sp. (20033)
Gelasian2.588 - 1.806USA (Florida) Procyon sp. (19758 20384)
Early/Lower Pleistocene2.588 - 0.781USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (98313)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Procyon lotor (74240 74246)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117Mexico (Jalisco) Procyon lotor (20285)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Illinois) Procyon priscus (87059)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (South Carolina) Procyon lotor (65405)
Pleistocene2.588 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (227368)
Pleistocene - Holocene2.588 - 0.0USA (West Virginia) Procyon lotor (79660)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Texas) Procyon sp. (20342)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (20289 20520) Procyon sp. (20299 20308 20350 20351 20400)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (West Virginia) Procyon lotor (20555)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Kansas) Procyon lotor (20390)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (California) Procyon sp. (20171)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Arkansas) Procyon lotor (20290)
Irvingtonian1.8 - 0.3USA (Iowa) Procyon sp. (20556)
Middle Pleistocene0.774 - 0.129USA (Virginia) Procyon lotor (104662)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (South Carolina) Procyon lotor (79757 206993)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012Mexico (Sonora) Procyon sp., Procyon lotor (20495)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (20440 20491 195112)
Rancholabrean0.3 - 0.012USA (Texas) Procyon lotor (225289)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Idaho) Procyon lotor (20569)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Michigan) Procyon lotor (200485)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (34269 74292 154804 154805)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (West Virginia) Procyon lotor (93332 123868)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Procyon lotor (155393)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (California) Procyon lotor (93250) Procyon psora (155409)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (20636 20647 20653)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Procyon lotor (93527)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117Canada (Alberta) Procyon lotor (20615)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Tennessee) Procyon lotor (63425 63427)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (interglacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Procyon lotor (20604 20613)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (154921) Procyon lotor, Procyon nanus (154771)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Georgia) Procyon lotor (13066)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Missouri) Procyon lotor (93379)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (late glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Florida) Procyon lotor (154722)
Late/Upper Pleistocene0.129 - 0.0117USA (Virginia) Procyon lotor (82258 103991 104758 124089)
Late/Upper Pleistocene (high glacial)0.129 - 0.0117USA (Texas) Procyon lotor (93103)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Tocantins) Procyon cancrivorus (192091)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene (glacial)0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Procyon cancrivorus (136420)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Tennessee) Procyon lotor (63429)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Procyon lotor (104034 104044 104672 104684 104689 104691)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0Brazil (Bahia) Procyon cancrivorus (71313)
Late/Upper Pleistocene - Holocene0.129 - 0.0USA (Missouri) Procyon lotor (63563 63565 63567 63568 63569 63570 63571)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Ontario) Procyon lotor (221863)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Canada (Quebec) Procyon lotor (221970 224189)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Brazil (Sao Paulo) Procyon sp. (71269)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Georgia) Procyon lotor (152113)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Virginia) Procyon lotor (104675 104690)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Panama Procyon cancrivorous, Procyon lotor (21691)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Texas) Procyon simus (79584)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Arizona) Procyon lotor (233123)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Venezuela (Guarico) Procyon cancrivorus (21686)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0Peru Procyon cancrivorous (21689)
Holocene0.0117 - 0.0USA (Ohio) Procyon lotor (195062 195066 195067 195069)