PBDB Taxon

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Morphology	Ecology and taphonomy	External Literature Search	Age range and collections

Daphoenus

Mammalia - Carnivora - Amphicyonidae

Taxonomy

Daphoenus was named by Leidy (1853). Its type is Daphoenus vetus.

It was assigned to Caninae by Hay (1902); to Canidae by Wortman and Matthew (1899) and Lambe (1908); to Amphicyonidae by Leidy (1853) and Carroll (1988); and to Daphoeninae by Hunt (1998) and Hunt (2002).

Species

Canis lippincottianus (syn. D. gracilis), D. demilo, D. felinus, D. hartshornianus, D. lambei, D. robustus, D. ruber, D. socialis, D. transversus, D. vetus (syn. Proamphicyon nebrascensis) (type species)

Synonyms

Canis lippincottianus was named by Cope (1873).

It was recombined as Galecynus lippincottianus by Cope (1884); it was recombined as Cynodictis lippincottianus by Wortman and Matthew (1899), Hay (1902), Lambe (1908) and Thorpe (1922); it was recombined as Pseudocynodictis lippincottianus by Schlosser (1902) and Galbreath (1953); it was synonymized subjectively with Pseudocynodictis gregarius by Scott and Jepsen (1936); it was synonymized subjectively with Pseudocynodictis angustidens by Hough (1948); it was synonymized subjectively with Hesperocyon gregarius by Gustafson (1986); it was considered a nomen dubium by Wang (1994) and Wang and Tedford (1996).
Daphoenus gracilis was named by Roger (1896).

It was synonymized subjectively with Cynodictis lippincottianus by Thorpe (1922); it was considered a nomen nudum by Gustafson (1986).
Pericyon was named by Thorpe (1922). Its type is Pericyon socialis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Daphoenus by Hunt (1998).
Proamphicyon was named by Hatcher (1902). Its type is Proamphicyon nebrascensis.

It was synonymized subjectively with Daphoenus by Matthew (1918), Sinclair (1924) and Scott and Jepsen (1936).

Synonymy list

Year	Name and author
1853	Daphoenus Leidy
1873	Canis lippincottianus Cope p. 9
1884	Galecynus lippincottianus Cope
1896	Daphoenus gracilis Roger
1899	Daphoenus Wortman and Matthew p. 129
1899	Cynodictis lippincottianus Wortman and Matthew p. 130
1902	Proamphicyon Hatcher
1902	Cynodictis lippincottianus Hay p. 771
1902	Daphoenus Hay p. 772
1902	Pseudocynodictis lippincottianus Schlosser
1908	Cynodictis lippincottianus Lambe
1908	Daphoenus Lambe
1922	Cynodictis lippincottianus Thorpe
1922	Pericyon Thorpe
1953	Pseudocynodictis lippincottianus Galbreath
1988	Daphoenus Carroll
1998	Daphoenus Hunt, Jr. p. 204
2002	Daphoenus Hunt, Jr. p. 9

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Rank	Name	Author
kingdom	Animalia	()
—	Bilateria
—	Eubilateria	Ax 1987
—	Deuterostomia
phylum	Chordata	Haeckel 1874
subphylum	Vertebrata
superclass	Gnathostomata
—	Osteichthyes	()
subclass	Sarcopterygii	()
subclass	Dipnotetrapodomorpha	(Nelson 2006)
subclass	Tetrapodomorpha	()
—	Tetrapoda
—	Reptiliomorpha
—	Anthracosauria
subclass	Amphibiosauria	Kuhn 1967
—	Cotylosauria	()
—	Amniota
subclass	Synapsida
—	Therapsida	()
infraorder	Cynodontia	()
—	Mammaliamorpha
—	Mammaliaformes

Rank	Name	Author
class	Mammalia
—	Theriamorpha	(Rowe 1993)
—	Theriiformes	()
—	Trechnotheria
—	Cladotheria
—	Zatheria
subclass	Tribosphenida	()
subclass	Theria
—	Eutheria	()
—	Placentalia
—	Boreoeutheria
—	Laurasiatheria
—	Scrotifera
—	Ferae	()
—	Carnivoramorpha	Wyss and Flynn 1993
—	Carnivoraformes	Flynn et al.
order	Carnivora
suborder	Caniformia	Kretzoi 1943
family	Amphicyonidae	Haeckel 1886
subfamily	Daphoeninae
genus	Daphoenus

If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.

G. †Daphoenus Leidy 1853

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†Daphoenus demilo Dawson 1980

†Daphoenus felinus Scott 1898

†Daphoenus hartshornianus Cope 1873

†Daphoenus lambei Russell 1934

†Daphoenus robustus Scott 1897

†Daphoenus ruber Stock 1932

†Daphoenus socialis Thorpe 1922

†Daphoenus transversus Wortman and Matthew 1899

†Daphoenus vetus Leidy 1853

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Invalid names: Proamphicyon nebrascensis Hatcher 1902 [synonym]

Invalid names: Canis lippincottianus Cope 1873 [nomen dubium], Pericyon Thorpe 1922 [synonym], Proamphicyon Hatcher 1902 [synonym]

Diagnosis

No diagnoses are available

Measurements

No measurements are available

Composition:

phosphaticsubp

Environment:

terrestrialsubc

Locomotion:

actively mobilec

Life habit:

ground dwellingf

Diet:

carnivoreg

Diet 2:

omnivoreg

Reproduction:

viviparoussubc

Comments:

"meat/non-vertebrate group" (Van Valkenburgh 1988)g

Created:

2009-01-04 14:35:04

Modified:

2009-01-04 16:35:49

Source: g = genus, f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum

References: Hunt 1998, Carroll 1988, Ji et al. 2002, Lillegraven 1979, Hendy et al. 2009, Van Valkenburgh 1988

Age range: base of the Chadronian to the top of the Geringian or 37.20000 to 26.30000 Ma

Collections (69 total)

Time interval	Ma	Country or state	Original ID and collection number
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Wyoming)	D. demilo (16826 16884)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	USA (Texas)	Canidae indet. (16828)
Duchesnean	39.7 - 37.0	Canada (Saskatchewan)	D. demilo (16845)
Duchesnean - Early/Lower Chadronian	39.7 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	D. sp. (16881)
Priabonian	38.0 - 33.9	USA (Georgia)	D. sp. (45640)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	Canada (Saskatchewan)	D. sp. (16919)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (North Dakota)	D. sp. (16991)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Wyoming)	D. lambei (16896)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (Nebraska)	D. sp. (16917 16930 16958 17034 17038)
Chadronian	37.2 - 33.9	USA (South Dakota)	D. sp. (16938 17006)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (North Dakota)	D. sp. (17100)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Nebraska)	D. hartshornianus (17062 17160 17165) D. hartshornianus, D. vetus (17297) D. sp. (17059 17098 17107 17112 17159 17164 17302) D. sp., D. felinus, Proamphicyon nebrascensis (17080)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Wyoming)	D. sp. (17060 17303)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	Canada (Saskatchewan)	D. sp. (17111)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (Colorado)	D. sp. (17197) D. vetus (17082 17113)
Orellan	33.9 - 33.3	USA (South Dakota)	D. hartshornianus (17058) D. hartshornianus, D. vetus (17133) D. sp. (17057 17094 17130 17143 17153 17166 17169 17173 17174 17180 17189 17192 17295 17298 163487) D. vetus (17092)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Florida)	D. sp. (17341)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (South Dakota)	D. sp. (17336 17337 17384 17385 17436)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	Canada (Saskatchewan)	D. sp. (17372)
Whitneyan	33.3 - 30.8	USA (Nebraska)	D. sp. (17368)
Geringian	30.8 - 26.3	USA (Oregon)	D. sp. (17508 17537 93078)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (California)	D. ruber (17701)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Nebraska)	D. sp. (17473)
Arikareean	29.5 - 18.5	USA (Oregon)	Canis hartshornianus, Canis lippincottianus (180202)
Chattian	28.1 - 23.03	USA (Oregon)	D. sp. (17603 93079)