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Paradaphoenus
Taxonomy
Paradaphoenus was named by Wortman and Matthew (1899). Its type is Canis cuspigerus.
It was assigned to Canidae by Wortman and Matthew (1899); to Caninae by Hay (1902); to Amphicyonidae by Carroll (1988), Hunt (2001) and Barrett (2016); and to Daphoeninae by Hunt (1998) and Boyd and Welsh (2018).
It was assigned to Canidae by Wortman and Matthew (1899); to Caninae by Hay (1902); to Amphicyonidae by Carroll (1988), Hunt (2001) and Barrett (2016); and to Daphoeninae by Hunt (1998) and Boyd and Welsh (2018).
Synonymy list
| Year | Name and author |
|---|---|
| 1899 | Paradaphoenus Wortman and Matthew p. 129 |
| 1902 | Paradaphoenus Hay p. 772 |
| 1988 | Paradaphoenus Carroll |
| 1998 | Paradaphoenus Hunt, Jr. p. 205 |
| 2001 | Paradaphoenus Hunt, Jr. pp. 3 - 4 |
| 2016 | Paradaphaenus Barrett p. e1658 |
| 2018 | Paradaphoenus Boyd and Welsh |
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If no rank is listed, the taxon is considered an unranked clade in modern classifications. Ranks may be repeated or presented in the wrong order because authors working on different parts of the classification may disagree about how to rank taxa.
G. †Paradaphoenus Wortman and Matthew 1899
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†Paradaphoenus minimus Hough 1948
†Paradaphoenus tooheyi Hunt, Jr. 2001
Diagnosis
| Reference | Diagnosis | |
|---|---|---|
| J. L. Wortman and W. D. Matthew 1899 | Uppermolarsmuchextendedandsymmetrical transversely;ml alignedwithoutercuspsofanteriormolars. Heelsoflower molars wide and deep, basin-shaped; my and my with two anterior cusps and basin-heel. | |
| R. M. Hunt 2001 | Smallest (, 3–4 kg) North
American amphicyonid carnivorans with m1 lengths of 8.3–9.4 mm; rudimentary auditory bulla formed by a slightly inflated ossified ectotympanic that does not fully enclose the middle ear; dental formula 3-1-4-3/3-1-4-3; P4 length short relative to combined lengths of M1-2 (P4L/M1-2L: Orellan, 80.8%; early Arikareean, Great Plains, 77.6%; early or mid-Arikareean, Oregon, 67.7–73.2%); P4 with abbreviated protocone relative to Daphoenus, Hesperocyon, and Cynodictis; M1 with well-developed meta- and paraconules as in Cynodictis; M2 prominent and the central member of an upper molar row that gradually diminishes in size from M1-3; m1 with basined talonid, m1 paraconid blade not anteriorly extended (it is extended in Hesperocyon); prominent rectangular m2 with basined talonid and anterolabial swelling of the cingulum (m1-2 talonids are markedly enlarged with prominent basins in Whitneyan and Arikareean species, less so in Orellan); postorbital/preorbital length ratio ;2:1 (table 1). Lower molars become wider in younger species; upper molars are correspondingly enlarged (table 2). | |
| P. Z. Barrett 2016 | Coded as an outgroup taxon. |
Measurements
No measurements are available
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| Source: f = family, subc = subclass, c = class, subp = subphylum | |||||
| References: Hunt 1998, Ji et al. 2002, Carroll 1988, Hendy et al. 2009, Lillegraven 1979 | |||||
Age range: base of the Orellan to the top of the Arikareean or 33.90000 to 18.50000 Ma
Collections (12 total)
| Time interval | Ma | Country or state | Original ID and collection number |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orellan | USA (Nebraska) | P. minimus (17273) P. sp. (17238 17271) | |
| Orellan | USA (South Dakota) | P. minimus (17180) | |
| Whitneyan | USA (Nebraska) | P. tooheyi (27262) | |
| Geringian | USA (South Dakota) | P. sp. (17635) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | P. tooheyi (17538) | |
| Arikareean | USA (Oregon) | Canis cuspigerus (180202) | |
| early Early Arikareean | USA (Nebraska) | P. tooheyi (156729) | |
| Chattian | USA (Oregon) | P. cuspigerus (17603 93079) | |
| Early/Lower Hemingfordian | USA (Oregon) | P. sp. (17925) |